T1 | BiggerBooks

T1 is the dominant technology used to connect company networks, and to connect to the Internet. T1 lines are easy to forget about, after all how much trouble can a phone line cause? But getting T1 lines installed and debugged can have a huge impact on a company's ability to function. It takes some pretty specialised knowledge to troubleshoot T1 problems, knowledge that's hard to come by outside of T1: Survival Guide, a unique practical handbook for network administrators who have to know what to do when the T1 connection goes down. It's all there - how to deal with routers, serial links, smart jacks, and more. A glossary of telecom terms helps administrators "speak the language" of the phone company when diagnosing and fixing T1 problems.

Matthew Gast currently works for an advanced wireless network systems company in the Bay Area. Prior to that, he spent several years as an engineer for a series of network security companies. He is the author of 802.11 Wireless Networks: The Definitive Guide, Network Printing, and T1: A Survival Guide.

Preface

vii

History of the U.S. Telephone Network

1

(7)

1876-1950: Analog Beginnings

2

(2)

1951-1970: The Birth of T-carrier

4

(1)

1970-Present: The Modern Telephone Network

5

(3)

T1 Architectural Overview

8

(9)

Telecommunications Puzzle Pieces

8

(9)

Basic Digital Transmission on Telephone Networks

17

(5)

Introduction to DS0

18

(1)

Alternate Mark Inversion

18

(3)

B8ZS and Clear Channel Capability

21

(1)

Multiplexing and the T-carrier Hierarchy

22

(10)

Building the T-carrier Hierarchy with Multiplexing

22

(4)

The Original Superframe

26

(1)

The Extended Superframe (ESF)

27

(3)

Telephone Signaling on T1 Links

30

(2)

Timing, Clocking, and Synchronization in the T-carrier System

32

(12)

A Timing Taxonomy

32

(3)

T1 Circuit Timing

35

(6)

Slips: When Timing Goes Bad

41

(3)

Mysteries of the CSU/DSU

44

(12)

Line Build Out: Moving Between Theory and Practice

44

(4)

T1 CSU/DSUs

48

(3)

CSU/DSU Configuration

51

(2)

Summary of Settings

53

(3)

Connecting the Umbilicus: Getting TI Connectivity

56

(7)

Ordering

56

(1)

T1 Installation and Termination

57

(3)

Pre-Connection Tasks

60

(1)

Trading Packets

61

(1)

Post-Connection

62

(1)

High-Level Data Link Control Protocol (HDLC)

63

(13)

Introduction to HDLC

64

(1)

HDLC Framing

65

(5)

Cisco HDLC

70

(6)

PPP

76

(39)

Introduction to PPP

77

(1)

PPP Logical Link States and State Machines

78

(5)

PPP Encapsulation and Framing

83

(2)

Link Control Protocol (LCP)

85

(24)

PPP Network Control and the IP Control Protocol

109

(3)

Configuring PPP

112

(3)

Frame Relay

115

(17)

Frame Relay Network Overview

116

(2)

The Frame Relay Link Layer

118

(2)

Multiprotocol Encapsulation with RFC 1490

120

(2)

The Local Management Interface

122

(8)

Configuring Frame Relay

130

(2)

T1 Troubleshooting

132

(17)

Basic Troubleshooting Tools and Techniques

132

(6)

Troubleshooting Outline

138

(1)

Physical Layer Problems

139

(6)

Link Layer Problems

145

(4)

A. Access Aggregation with cT1 and ISDN PRI

149

(18)

B. Multilink PPP

167

(25)

C. T1 Performance Monitoring

192

(13)

D. SNMP

205

(21)

E. Cable Pinouts and Serial Information

226

(10)

F. Reference

236

(21)

Glossary

257

(8)

Index

265

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T1

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials