Teaching And Learning in Two Languages

This is the most comprehensive, up-to-date volume on the state of bilingual education in the United States and, in particular, on effective curriculum and instructional approaches. Eugene Garc#xED;a, renowned authority, depicts the vast scope and complexity of the problem of educating English language learners. He sets forth a conceptual framework to guide educational policy and practice that reflects democratic ideals and values. This authoritative reference: provides a comprehensive review of theory, research, practice, and policy that accurately characterizes the education of bilingual students in U.S. schools; presents an analysis of teachers, classrooms, schools, and communities that have successfully educated bilingual children by employing diverse instructional strategies; addresses language, social, and cognitive issues as they intersect with various instructional practices; and identifies the characteristics of effective bilingual education programs, presenting examples of school programs that exemplify these characteristics.

Eugene E. Garcia is Professor of Education and Dean of the College of Education and Vice-President for University-School Partnerships at Arizona State University

Series Foreword

vii

James A. Banks

Preface Why This Book?

xiii

Who Are These Children, Their Families, and Communities?

1

(22)

U.S. Language Diversity

4

(12)

Immigrant Students---U.S. Schools

16

(4)

English Acquisition and Bilingualism in the U.S. Context

20

(1)

Conclusion

21

(2)

Bilingualism Is Not the Arithmetic Sum of Two Languages

23

(16)

Bilingual Development

23

(1)

Linguistic Development

24

(3)

Language Choice and Code-Switching

27

(2)

Cognition, Language, and Culture

29

(5)

Social/Communicative Aspects

34

(1)

Language Development Considers Ways to Use It

35

(3)

Conclusion

38

(1)

Education Comes in Diverse Shapes and Forms for U.S. Bilinguals

39

(25)

Schooling Practices: The Debate

40

(4)

What Works: Optimal Instruction and Learning Features

44

(3)

Dual-Language Programs

47

(3)

Beyond Language

50

(1)

English-Language Development in a Bilingual Program

51

(2)

Developing ``Academic'' English in U.S. Bilinguals

53

(8)

Specially Designed Academic Instruction

61

(1)

Conclusion

62

(2)

Bilinguals in the United States Speak More Than a Foreign Language

64

(13)

Dialects and Bilingualism

64

(5)

U.S. Indigenous Bilingual Students

69

(2)

Bilingual/Bicultural U.S. Deaf Students

71

(4)

Conclusion

75

(2)

The Policy Debate and Related Policies Regarding U.S. Bilinguals

77

(23)

The Federal Courts

77

(4)

Rights of Language-Minority Students

81

(4)

State and Local Policies

85

(1)

English-Only State Policies

86

(2)

Convergence of Other State and Local Policies

88

(4)

Federal Policy

92

(7)

Conclusion

99

(1)

Educational Reform and Schooling U.S. Bilinguals

100

(23)

An Integrated Conceptual Framework for the Instruction of U.S. Bilinguals

100

(3)

Responsive Learning Communities

103

(3)

The Design Study---A Responsive Bilingual Learning Community: Sites, Teachers, and Intervention

106

(8)

Analysis of Writing, Creating, and Revising Writing Rubrics

114

(8)

Conclusion

122

(1)

Bilingual Student Achievement in a Reform Context

123

(34)

Sierra Madre Findings

124

(3)

Chang Ching Findings

127

(9)

Standardized Test Achievement Measures

136

(3)

Teachers' Perceptions of Their Work, ALAS, and Instruction

139

(4)

Conclusion

143

(3)

Appendix: Additional Data for Chang Ching and Sierra Madre

146

(11)

Final Thoughts Regarding Theory, Practice, and Policy Relevant to U.S. Bilingual Students

157

(14)

Language as a Cultural System

158

(1)

Culture, Language, and Schooling

159

(1)

Policy Considerations

160

(2)

Educational Practice Implications

162

(6)

From the General to the Specific

168

(1)

Conclusion

169

(2)

References

171

(16)

Index

187

(12)

About the Author

199

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Teaching And Learning in Two Languages

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials