Textbook of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Professor Jaime Bosch is Professor of Medicine, and Senior Consultant Hepatologist and Chief at the Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic-Idibaps, University of Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain.

Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, MD is Professor of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases at Yale University School of Medicine.

Professor Francis Chan is Professor of Medicine and Therapeutics at The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) and an honorary consultant physician at the Prince of Wales Hospital (PWH).

List of contributors, x

Preface, xxv

Part 1: Symptoms, Syndromes, and Scenarios Discomfort above the diaphragm

1 Heartburn and noncardiac chest pain, 3
Tiberiu Hershcovici and Ronnie Fass

2 Dysphagia and odynophagia, 11
Stacey R. Zavala and Philip O. Katz

Discomfort below the diaphragm

3 Chronic or recurrent abdominal pain, 16
Ayman Koteish and Anthony N. Kalloo

4 Dyspepsia: ulcer and non-ulcer/bloating and early satiety/belching and rumination, 22
Alexander C. Ford and Paul Moayyedi

5 Nausea and vomiting, 26
Jan Tack

Disorders of defecation

6 Diarrhea, 32
Matthew R. Banks and Michael J. G. Farthing

7 Fecal incontinence, 43
Ashok Attaluri and Satish S. C. Rao

8 Rectal bleeding, 47
Benjamin Krevsky

9 Anorectal pain and pruritusani, 51
Steven D. Wexner and Giovanna M. da Silva

Generalized ill health

10 Functional gastrointestinal disease, 54
C. J. Hawkey, Jaime Bosch, Joel E. Richter, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, and Francis K. L. Chan

11 Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, 61
Tomas J. Silber

12 Weight loss, 68
Arvey I. Rogers, Hendrikus S. Vanderveldt and Amar R. Deshpande

13 Gastrointestinal causes of anemia and occult bleeding, 73
Kevin A. Ghassemi, Dennis M. Jensen and Rome Jutabha

28 Benign esophageal strictures and caustic esophageal injury, 194
Timothy T. Nostrant

Esophageal: malignant and pre-malignant

29 Barrett’s esophagus, 197
Neil Gupta and Prateek Sharma

30 Esophageal cancer, 204
Tamas A. Gonda and Charles J. Lightdale

Upper gastrointestinal infections

31 Infections of the esophagus and stomach, 214
George B. McDonald

Gastroduodenal: benign

32 Peptic ulcer, 219
C. J. Hawkey and John C. Atherton

33 Gastritis, 234
Richard H. Lash and Robert M. Genta

Gastroduodenal: malignant and pre-malignant

34 Adenocarcinoma (gastric cancer and miscellaneous malignancy), 248
Dai-ming Fan and Kai-chun Wu

35 Gastric lymphoma, 254
Andrea Grin and Runjan Chetty

Motility disorders

36 Esophageal motility disorders, 258
Peter J. Kahrilas

37 Gastric motility disorders, 265
Jan Tack

Section 2: Disorders of the Small and Large Bowel Food, nutrition and malabsorption

38 Food allergy and intolerance, 272
Stephan C. Bischoff and Katrin Feuser

39 Maldigestion and malabsorption, 279
Arvey I. Rogers and Ryan D. Madanick

40 Celiac disease, 288
Daniel A. Leffler, Andrés Cárdenas and Ciarán P. Kelly

41 Short bowel syndrome, 299
Christian S. Jackson and Alan L. Buchman

42 Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, 305
Ahmed Abu Shanab, Rodrigo M. Quera and Eamonn M. M. Quigley

43 Bile acid malabsorption, 311
Linda Wedlake and Jervoise Andreyev

44 Protein-losing disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, 318
Simon Murch

Intestinal infections and infestations

45 Infective diarrhea, 324
Michael J. G. Farthing and Anna Casburn-Jones

46 Travelers’ diarrhea, 338
Andrew W. DuPont and Herbert L. DuPont

47 Abdominal tuberculosis, 342
Bhupinder Anand

48 Parasites, 349
John Croese

Inflammatory bowel disease

49 Ulcerative colitis, 355
Fergus Shanahan

50 Crohn’s disease, 372
Séverine Vermeire, Gert Van Assche and Paul Rutgeerts

51 Indeterminate colitis, 394
Stephan R. Targan and C. J. Hawkey

52 Microscopic colitis, 399
Frank Hoentjen, Chris Mulder and Gerd Bouma

53 Eosinophilic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, 406
Jon A. Vanderhoof and Rosemary J. Young

54 Pseudomembranous colitis, 412
Tanya M. Monaghan and Yashwant R. Mahida

55 Ischemia/ischemic colitis, 417
Aliya G. Hasan and Joel S. Levine

Malignant tumors

56 Small bowel tumours, 421
Matthew P. Spinn and Sushovan Guha

57 Biology and genetics of colorectal cancer and polyps and polyposis, 428
Ajay Goel and Christian Arnold

58 Colorectal cancer: screening and surveillance, 438
Austin G. Acheson and John H. Scholefield

59 Colorectal cancer: a multidisciplinary approach, 444
Rachel S. Midgley, Haitham M. Al-Salama, A. Merrie, N. Mortensen, and David J. Kerr

Motility disorders

60 Obstruction and volvulus, 455
Rakesh Bhardwaj and Michael C. Parker

61 Constipation and constipation syndromes, 462
Adil E. Bharucha and Madhusudan Grover

62 Irritable bowel syndrome, 472
Robin Spiller

63 Diverticular disease of the colon, 482
Anish A. Sheth and Martin H. Floch

64 Megacolon and pseudo-obstruction, 488
Eamonn M. M. Quigley

Other disorders of the small and large bowel

65 Splanchnic vascular disorders, 493
J. Hajo van Bockel, Robert H. Geelkerken and Jeroen J. Kolkman

66 Drug-induced damage to the small and large intestine, 498
Ingvar Bjarnason, Zeino Zeino and Guy Sisson

67 Acute appendicitis, 505
John Simpson and David J. Humes

Anorectal diseases

68 Anorectal diseases, 511
Steven D. Wexner and Giovanna M. da Silva

Section 3: Diseases of the Pancreas and Biliary Tract Pancreas

69 Acute pancreatitis, 518
Georgios Papachristou, Vijay Singh and David C. Whitcomb

70 Chronic pancreatitis, 525
Pascal O. Berberat, Güralp O. Ceyhan, Zilvinas Dambrauskas, Markus W. Büchler, and Helmut Friess

71 Pancreatic exocrine tumors, 533
Paula Ghaneh and John P. Neoptolemos

72 Cysts and pseudocysts of the pancreas, 546
Brian G. Turner and William R. Brugge

73 Development and miscellaneous abnormalities, 552
Erica Makin and Mark Davenport

Biliary tract

74 Cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, and cholecystitis, 557
Franz Ludwig Dumoulin and Tilman Sauerbruch

75 Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, 567
Dana C. Moffatt, Stuart Sherman and Evan L. Fogel

76 Primary sclerosing cholangitis, 573
Sombat Treeprasertsuk and Keith D. Lindor

77 Cholangiocarcinoma, 580
Konstantinos N. Lazaridis and Gregory J. Gores

Malformations

78 Congenital abnormalities of the biliary tract, 586
Daniel Dhumeaux, Elie Serge Zafrani, Daniel Cherqui, and Alain Luciani

Section 4: Liver Disease

Infections

79 Acute viral hepatitis, 593
Amer Skopic and Maria H. Sjogren

80 Chronic hepatitis B, 603
Tarik Asselah, Olivier Lada, Rami Moucari, and Patrick Marcellin

81 Chronic viral hepatitis C, 610
Xavier Forns and Jose M. Sánchez-Tapias

82 Chronic viral hepatitis D, 618
Patrizia Farci and Maria Eliana Lai

83 Liver worms, 623
Donald P. McManus

84 Liver protozoa, 630
David Kershenobich, Guillermo Robles-Diaz and Juan Miguel Abdo Francis

85 Bacterial and fungal infections of the liver, 633
Simon Rushbrook and Alexander Gimson

86 Primary biliary cirrhosis, 638
Raoul Poupon

Autoimmune and related disorders

87 Autoimmune hepatitis and overlap syndromes, 642
Heike Bantel, Kinan Rifai and Michael P. Manns

Genetic, metabolic and iatrogenic liver diseases

88 Alcoholic liver diseases, 649
Jennifer T. Wells and Michael R. Lucey

89 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 658
Arthur J. McCullough and Srinivasan Dasarathy

90 Hemochromatosis, 675
Antonello Pietrangelo

91 Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, 683
Feras T. Alissa and David H. Perlmutter

92 Wilson disease, 689
Peter Ferenci

93 Drug prescription in liver disease, 695
Guido Stirnimann and Jürg Reichen

94 Genetic and metabolic liver diseases in childhood, 700
Giorgina Mieli-Vergani and Richard Thompson

95 Disturbances of bilirubin metabolism, 706
Cristina Bellarosa and Claudio Tiribelli

Cirrhosis of the liver and its complications

96 Polycystic liver diseases, 713
Luca Fabris, Catherine McCrann and Mario Strazzabosco

97 Cirrhosis of the liver, 719
Gennaro D’Amico and Giuseppe Malizia

98 Portal hypertension, 728
Juan Carlos García-Pagán, Roberto J. Groszmann and Jaime Bosch

99 Ascites and hepatorenal syndrome, 737
Andrés Cárdenas and Pere Ginès

100 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 745
Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao

101 Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension, 751
Rajan Kochar and Michael B. Fallon

102 Hepatic encephalopathy, 757
Thomas A. Brown and Kevin D. Mullen

103 Acute liver failure, 766
John G. O’Grady and Julia Wendon

Other liver diseases

104 Tumors of the liver, 773
Alejandro Forner, Carlos Rodríguez de Lope, María Reig, and Jordi Bruix

105 Vascular disorders of the liver, 786
Dominique-Charles Valla

106 Granulomas of the liver, 793
Miquel Bruguera Cortada and Rosa Miquel Morera

107 Liver diseases and pregnancy, 799
J. Eileen Hay

Liver transplantation

108 Liver transplantation: indications and selection of candidates and immediate complications, 805
Patrick S. Kamath and John J. Poterucha

109 Long-term management of recurrent primary liver disease, 813
Kiran Bambha and Norah A. Terrault

Section 5: Diseases of Multiple Organ Systems

110 Collagen vascular and vasculitic disorders, 831
Ulf Müller-Ladner and Jürgen Schölmerich

111 Systemic disease and the gastrointestinal tract, 839
Paul J. Fortun

112 Pancreatic endocrine tumors, 844
Robert T. Jensen

113 The carcinoid syndrome, 858
Eva Tiensuu Janson and Kjell Öberg

114 AIDS and the gut, 865
C. Mel Wilcox

115 Graft-versus-host disease, 873
George B. McDonald

116 Radiation and other physicochemical injury, 879
Keith Leiper and Andrew R. Moore

117 Systemic amyloidosis, 886
Prayman T. Sattianayagam and Philip N. Hawkins

118 Foreign bodies, 893
Lisa Swize and Patrick R. Pfau

119 Porphyria, 898
Jean-Charles Deybach and Hervé Puy

120 The hereditary recurrent fevers, 908
Elizabeth Drewe

Section 6: Abdominal Wall and Cavity

121 Abscesses and other intra-abdominal diseases, 913
Juliane Bingener, Melanie L. Richards and Kenneth R. Sirinek

122 Hernia, 919
Cindy Matsen and Leigh Neumayer

Part 3: Primer of Diagnostic Methods Endoscopic imaging

123 Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and mucosal biopsy, 927
Jayan Mannath and Krish Ragunath

124 Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy, 936
Jerome D. Waye

125 Endoscopic ultrasonography, 943
V. Raman Muthusamy and Kenneth J. Chang

126 Diagnostic and interventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, 951
George J. M. Webster and Stephen P. Pereira

127 Enteroscopy (double-balloon), 961
Tomonori Yano and Hironori Yamamoto

128 Capsule endoscopy, 969
Christina A. Tennyson and Blair S. Lewis

129 Confocal endomicroscopy, 975
Martin Goetz and Ralf Kiesslich

130 Self-propelled colonoscopy, 983
Menachem Moshkowitz and Nadir Arber Percutaneous imaging

131 Percutaneous ultrasound, 989
Winnie C. W. Chu and Vivian Y. F. Leung

132 Barium radiology, 1000
Simon A. Jackson and Bruce M. Fox

133 Computed tomography, 1006
Karin Herrmann and Pablo R. Ros

134 Magnetic resonance imaging, 1014
Luca Marciani, Robin C. Spiller, Penny A. Gowland, and Peter D. Thurley

135 Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, 1021
V. Anik Sahni and Koenraad J. Mortele

136 Virtual colonoscopy, 1027
Abraham H. Dachman, Ila Sethi and Philippe Lefere

137 Positron emission tomography, 1035
Sebastian Obrzut and Michael S. Kipper

138 Non-invasive liver assessment, 1042
M. Beaugrand

Functional testing

139 Gastrointestinal motility testing, 1046
Priyanka Sachdeva and Henry P. Parkman

140 Measurement of portal pressure, 1054
Annalisa Berzigotti and Juan G. Abraldes

Tissue testing

141 Liver biopsy, 1060
Cristina Ripoll and Rafael Bañares

142 Optimal tissue sampling: the pathologist’s perspective, 1066
Richard H. Lash, Shari L. Taylor and Robert M. Genta

Part 4: Primer of Treatments

Medical treatments

143 Drug prescription in liver disease, 1077
Guido Stirnimann and Jürg Reichen

144 Nutritional assessment and support, 1082
T. E. Bowling

Therapeutic endoscopy

145 Variceal ligation, sclerotherapy, and other hemostatic techniques for varices and other lesions, 1092
Louis-Michel Wong Kee Song

146 Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 1103
Majid Almadi and Alan Barkun

147 Photodynamic therapy in the gastrointestinal tract, 1111
Masoud Panjehpour and Bergein F. Overholt

148 Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and jejunostomy, 1120
Jeffrey L. Ponsky and Benjamin K. Poulose

149 Endoscopic techniques of removing early gastrointestinal neoplams, 1126
Haruhiro Inoue and Hitomi Minami

150 Dilation and stenting of the gastrointestinal tract, 1134
Lucio Petruzziello, Michele Marchese and Guido Costamagna

151 NOTES, 1142
D. Nageshwar Reddy, G. V. Rao and Magnus J. Mansard

Percutaneous therapy

152 The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), 1147
Christophe Bureau, Philippe Otal and Jean-Pierre Vinel

153 Interventional radiology, 1153
Simon Chun-Ho Yu and Joyce Wai Yi Hui

154 Paracentesis, 1158
Andrea De Gottardi, Chong-Meng Yeo and Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao

A synopsis of surgical operations

155 Liver operations, 1163
J. Michael Henderson and Michael D. Johnson

156 Gastrointestinal operations, 1174
Robert J. C. Steele

157 Minimally invasive surgery, 1182
Todd A. Ponsky, Arjun Khosla and Jeffrey L. Ponsky

Index, 1191

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