Textbook of Laparoscopic Urology

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ISBN: 9780849339943 | 0849339944
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 10/3/2006

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Divided into eleven detailed sections, this reference displays the expertise and research of specialists from leading urology centers around the world and offers authoritative chapters on the entire spectrum of urologic laparoscopy. The chapters cover methods in patient selection, peri-operative management, and complication avoidance; step-by-step descriptions of specific techniques; and the pros and cons of each procedure for a clear grasp of the many principles and practices currently utilized in the field.

Preface

Acknowledgments

vii

Contributors

xxvii

SECTION I: BASIC CONSIDERATIONS

History of Laparoscopy: An Odyssey of Innovations

(10)

Sergio G. Moreira, Jr.

Raul C. Ordorica

Sakti Das

References

(2)

Laparoscopic Anatomy: Upper Abdomen

(6)

Dinesh Singh

Introduction

(1)

Right Kidney

(1)

Left Kidney

(1)

Right Adrenal Gland

(1)

Left Adrenal Gland

(3)

Laparoscopic Anatomy of the Male Pelvis

(10)

Bertrand Guillonneau

Karim A. Touijer

Jeffery W. Saranchuk

Introduction

(1)

Intra-Abdominal Anatomy of the Pelvis

(3)

The Retropubic Space

(2)

Prostatic Fascia and Prostatic Pedicles

(2)

Sphincteric Complex

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(2)

Physiologic Aspects of Laparoscopy

(18)

J. Stuart Wolf, Jr.

Introduction

(1)

Physiologic Factors

(3)

Physiologic Responses

(3)

Physiologic Complications

(6)

References

(6)

Modern Abdominal Imaging: Implications for Laparoscopic Surgery

(20)

Erick M. Remer

Joseph C. Veniero

Brian R. Herts

Introduction

(1)

Computed Tomography

(1)

Computed Tomography Protocol for Laparoscopic Surgical Planning

(1)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

(2)

Magnetic Resonance Protocol for Laparoscopic Surgical Planning

(1)

Image Interpretation and Three-Dimensional Volume Rendering

(3)

Radiologic Guidance During Laparoscopic Surgery

(4)

Postoperative Imaging

(3)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(4)

SECTION II: EQUIPMENT

Laparoscopic Instrumentation

(10)

Mihir M. Desai

Introduction

(1)

Laparoscopic Instrumentation

(6)

Operating Room Setup

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(2)

Audiovisual Equipment and the Operating Room of the Future

(14)

James O. L'Esperance

Glenn M. Preminger

Introduction

(1)

Digital Imaging

(2)

Video Endoscopy (AKA ``Chip on A Stick'')

(1)

Digital Imaging, Video Documentation, and Editing

(1)

Illumination

(1)

Image Display Systems and High-Definition Video Systems

(1)

Three-Dimensional Video Endoscopic/Laparoscopic Systems

(1)

Virtual Reality Endoscopic/Laparoscopic Simulation

(1)

Internet and Telemedicine

(1)

The Operating Rooms of the Future---Today

(2)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(3)

Bioadhesive Technology

(14)

Andrew B. Joel

Marshall L. Stoller

Introduction

(1)

Hemostasis

(1)

Topical Biologic Agents: Pharmacologic

(3)

Topical Biologic Agents: Physical

(1)

Urologic Laparoscopic Applications

(3)

Potential Complications

100

(1)

Topical Synthetic Agents

101

(1)

Conclusion

101

(1)

References

102

(3)

Surgical Robotics

105

(14)

Akshay Bhandari

Lee Richstone

Ashutosh Tewari

Introduction

105

(1)

History of Robotics

105

(1)

Robotics in Surgery

106

(1)

Robotics in Urology

107

(4)

Telesurgery

111

(1)

Virtual Reality

112

(1)

Limitations of Robotic Surgery

113

(1)

Future Robotic Surgery Systems

113

(1)

References

114

(5)

SECTION III: LAPAROSCOPY: GENERAL TECHNIQUES

Basics of Retroperitoneal Laparoscopy

119

(10)

Monish Aron

Benjamin Chung

Inderbir S. Gill

Introduction

119

(1)

Indications

119

(1)

Contraindications

119

(1)

Preoperative Workup

120

(1)

Surgical Technique

120

(6)

Intraoperative Troubleshooting

126

(1)

Time Management

126

(1)

Complications

127

(1)

Conclusion

127

(1)

References

127

(2)

Laparoscopic Suturing Techniques: General Considerations

129

(30)

Louis J. Giorgi, Jr.

Michael E. Moran

Introduction

129

(1)

Laparoscopic Suturing Time Line

130

(1)

Essentials of Laparoscopic Suturing

131

(8)

Laparoscopic Extracorporeal Knotting

139

(3)

Laparoscopic Intracorporeal Suturing and Knotting

142

(11)

References

153

(6)

Laparoscopic Suturing: Procedure-Specific

159

(26)

Louis J. Giorgi, Jr.

Michael E. Moran

Laparoscopic Urologic Sutured Reconstruction

159

(11)

Robotic Reconstruction

170

(5)

Conclusion

175

(2)

Practical Skills Acquisition Exercises

177

(1)

References

177

(8)

SECTION IV: ADULT LAPAROSCOPY: BENIGN DISEASE

Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy: Technique

185

(22)

T. R. J. Gianduzzo

C. G. Eden

Introduction and Background

185

(1)

Patient Selection: Indications and Contraindications

186

(2)

Preoperative Preparation

188

(1)

Technique

189

(4)

Lateral Transperitoneal Technique

193

(5)

General Technical Modifications

198

(1)

Anterior Transperitoneal Technique

199

(1)

Lateral Retroperitoneal Technique

199

(1)

Posterior Retroperitoneal Technique

200

(1)

Other Techniques and Modifications

200

(2)

Conclusion

202

(1)

References

203

(4)

Laparoscopic Partial Adrenalectomy

207

(10)

Gunter Janetschek

Introduction

207

(1)

Relevant Anatomic Details

207

(1)

Indications and Contraindications

208

(1)

Therapeutic Concepts

208

(2)

Preoperative Investigation

210

(1)

Preoperative Optimization

210

(1)

Pheochromocytoma: Potential Surgical Risks

210

(1)

Anesthetic Management

211

(1)

Surgical Technique

211

(2)

Results

213

(1)

Laparoscopic Partial Adrenalectomy for Recurrent Pheochromocytomas

214

(1)

References

215

(2)

Laparoscopic Surgical Management of Extra-Adrenal Pheochromocytoma

217

(6)

Ashish Behari

McClellan M. Walther

Introduction

217

(1)

Embryology

217

(1)

Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis

217

(1)

Surgical Technique

218

(2)

Discussion

220

(1)

Conclusion

221

(1)

References

221

(2)

Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy for Benign Disease: Current Status

223

(8)

David S. Wang

Howard N. Winfield

Introduction

223

(1)

Diagnosis

223

(2)

Aldosteronomas

225

(1)

Cushing's Syndrome

225

(1)

Pheochromocytoma

225

(1)

Indications for Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy

226

(1)

Results of Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy for Benign Disease

226

(2)

References

228

(3)

Laparoscopic Simple Nephrectomy: Technique

231

(10)

Simon V. Bariol

David A. Tolley

Introduction

231

(1)

Patient Selection

231

(1)

Preoperative Preparation

231

(1)

Technique

232

(4)

Postoperative Care

236

(1)

Complications

237

(1)

References

238

(1)

Bibliography

239

(2)

Laparoscopic Simple Nephrectomy: Current Status

241

(6)

Moses Kim

Debora K. Moore

Robert G. Moore

Introduction

241

(1)

Indications

241

(1)

Special Considerations

242

(2)

References

244

(3)

Laparoscopic Renal Biopsy: Technique and Results

247

(6)

Christopher A. Warlick

David Y. Chan

Introduction

247

(1)

Surgical Technique

247

(3)

Results

250

(1)

Discussion

250

(1)

References

251

(2)

Laparoscopic Nephropexy

253

(6)

Lewis CH. Liew

Adrian D. Joyce

Introduction

253

(1)

Patient Selection and Diagnosis

254

(1)

Surgical Technique

254

(2)

Results

256

(2)

References

258

(1)

Laparoscopic Renal Cyst Ablation: Technique and Results

259

(20)

Li-Ming Su

Introduction

259

(1)

Patient Selection

260

(3)

Preoperative Preparation

263

(2)

Surgical Technique

265

(8)

Postoperative Care

273

(1)

Measures to Avoid Complications

274

(1)

Results

275

(3)

References

278

(1)

Laparoscopic Surgery for Calculous Disease: Technique and Results

279

(16)

Ashok K. Hemal

Introduction/Background

279

(1)

Patient Selection: Indications and Contraindications

280

(1)

Preoperative Preparation and Patient Position

281

(1)

Technique

281

(1)

Pyelolithotomy

281

(2)

Pyelolithotomy with Concomitant Pyeloplasty

283

(1)

Robot-Assisted Pyelolithotomy and Pyeloplasty

283

(1)

Anatrophic Nephrolithotomy

283

(1)

Removal of Urachovesical Calculus

284

(1)

Ureterolithotomy

284

(2)

Retroperitoneal vs. Transperitoneal Nephrectomy for Nonfunctioning Kidneys Due to Calculous Disease

286

(1)

Retroperitoneoscopic Nephrectomy for Hydronephrotic Kidney Due to Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction with Stones

286

(1)

Laparoscopic Nephrectomy for Xanthogranulomatous Kidneys

286

(1)

Laparoscopic Nephrectomy for Patients with History of Previous Stone Surgery or Percutaneous Nephrostomy

286

(1)

Retroperitoneoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Nonfunctioning Kidneys Due to Calculous Disease

287

(1)

Partial Nephrectomy

287

(1)

Bladder Diverticulectomy with Stone Removal

287

(1)

Results

287

(2)

Complications

289

(2)

References

291

(1)

Commentary

292

(3)

D. Assimos

Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty: Technique

295

(8)

George K. Chow

Introduction

295

(1)

Patient Selection and Diagnosis

296

(1)

Preoperative Preparation

296

(1)

Surgical Technique

296

(3)

Postpyeloplasty Procedure

299

(1)

Postoperative Management

300

(1)

Postoperative Complications

300

(1)

References

301

(2)

Robotic-Assisted Adult and Pediatric Pyeloplasty

303

(10)

Joseph J. Del Pizzo

Michael A. Palese

Ravi Munver

Dix P. Poppas

Introduction

303

(1)

Patient Selection: Indications and Contraindications

304

(1)

Preoperative Preparation

305

(1)

Robotic-Assisted Technique

306

(5)

Specific Measures to Avoid Complications

311

(1)

References

311

(2)

Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty: Current Status

313

(12)

Ioannis M. Varkarakis

Thomas W. Jarrett

Introduction

313

(1)

Current Management of Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction and Indications for Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty

313

(1)

Results: Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty

314

(1)

Results: Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty

315

(1)

Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty in Children

316

(1)

Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty

316

(1)

Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty for Secondary Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

317

(1)

Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty with Concomitant Pyelolithotomy

317

(1)

Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty in the Presence of Upper Urinary Tract Abnormalities

318

(1)

Management of Failed Primary Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty

318

(1)

References

319

(1)

Commentary

320

(5)

Michael C. Ost

Arthur Smith

Laparoscopy for the Calyceal Diverticulum: Technique and Results

325

(12)

Christopher S. Ng

Background

325

(1)

Indications for Urologic Intervention

326

(1)

Imaging

326

(1)

Urologic Treatment Modalities

326

(1)

Patient and Treatment Selection

327

(1)

Preoperative Preparation

328

(1)

Technique: Laparoscopic Calyceal Diverticulectomy

329

(6)

Postoperative Management

335

(1)

Results

335

(1)

References

336

(1)

Laparoscopic Live Donor Nephrectomy: Technique

337

(16)

Joseph J. Del Pizzo

Introduction

337

(1)

Patient Selection

338

(1)

Preoperative Preparation

339

(1)

Operative Preparation

339

(2)

Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy: Basic Instrumentation

341

(1)

Operative Technique

341

(10)

References

351

(2)

Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy: Current Status

353

(16)

Michael W. Phelan

Stephen C. Jacobs

Initial Experience and Motivation

353

(1)

Early Controversies

354

(3)

Unsolved Controversies

357

(1)

Surgical Technical Issues

358

(1)

Donor Evaluation

359

(1)

Expansion of Live Renal Donation

359

(2)

Current Status of Laparoscopic Approach

361

(1)

References

362

(4)

Commentary

366

(3)

John M. Barry

Laparoscopic Ureteral Surgery: Noncalculous Applications

369

(6)

Thomas H. S. Hsu

Keith L. Lee

Introduction

369

(1)

Retrocaval Ureter

369

(1)

Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis

370

(1)

Transureteroureterostomy

371

(1)

Cutaneous Ureterostomy

372

(1)

Ureteroneocystostomy

372

(1)

References

373

(2)

Laparoscopic Marsupialization of Lymphocele

375

(6)

W. Patrick Springhart

Charles D. Scales, Jr.

David M. Albala

Introduction

375

(1)

Patient Selection: Indications and Contraindications

375

(1)

Preoperative Preparation

376

(1)

Laparoscopic Technique

376

(2)

Avoiding Complications

378

(1)

References

378

(3)

Laparoscopic Bladder Augmentation: With and Without Urinary Diversion

381

(12)

Raymond R. Rackley

Joseph B. Abdelmalak

Introduction

381

(1)

Patient Selection: Indications and Contraindications

381

(1)

Preoperative Preparation

382

(1)

Surgical Technical Steps

382

(8)

Results

390

(1)

References

391

(2)

Laparoscopic Bladder Neck Suspension: Technique and Results

393

(18)

Jim Ross

Mark Preston

Introduction

393

(1)

Selection, Evaluation, and Anatomy

393

(2)

Set-Up, Instrumentation, and Surgical Procedure

395

(2)

Entry into the Space of Retzius

397

(1)

Outcomes, Comparative Studies, Complications, and Costs

398

(7)

Paravaginal Repair

405

(1)

References

406

(5)

Laparoscopic Management of Vesicovaginal Fistula

411

(6)

Ali Mahdavi

Farr Nezhat

Bulent Berker

Ceana Nezhat

Camran Nezhat

Introduction

411

(1)

Etiology

411

(1)

Diagnosis

412

(1)

Surgical Technique

412

(2)

Prevention

414

(1)

Results

414

(1)

References

414

(3)

Laparoscopic Surgery of the Seminal Vesicles

417

(6)

Robert B. Nadler

Scott E. Eggener

Introduction

417

(1)

Anatomy, Embryology, and Function

417

(1)

Indications

417

(1)

Imaging

418

(1)

Surgical Technique

419

(2)

References

421

(2)

Laparoscopic Varicocelectomy

423

(8)

James F. Donovan

Marlou B. Heiland

Introduction

423

(1)

Diagnosis

423

(1)

Indications for Treatment

424

(1)

Treatment Options

424

(1)

Contraindications to Laparoscopic Varix Ligation

425

(1)

Surgical Technique

425

(2)

Results

427

(1)

References

428

(3)

Laparoscopic Placement of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter

431

(16)

Wisoot Konchareonsombat

Arif Asif

Raymond J. Leveillee

Introduction

431

(1)

Anatomy of the Abdominal Wall and Peritoneum

432

(1)

Factors Affecting Peritoneal Dialysis Efficiency

433

(1)

The Indication for Dialysis

433

(1)

Peritoneal Access Devices

434

(1)

Contraindications to Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement

434

(1)

Surgical Techniques

434

(4)

Laparoscopic Implantation of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter

438

(1)

Videolaparoscopy-Assisted Implantation of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter

439

(1)

Minilaparoscopic Placement of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter

439

(1)

Burying the Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter

440

(1)

Postoperative Care

441

(1)

Complications of Laparoscopic Placement of Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter

441

(2)

Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Removal

443

(1)

References

444

(3)

Laparoscopic Surgery for Chyluria

447

(8)

N. P. Gupta

M. S. Ansari

Introduction

447

(1)

Etiopathogenesis

447

(2)

Clinical Presentation and Evaluation

449

(1)

Conservative Treatment

449

(1)

Patient Selection for Laparoscopic Lymphatic Disconnection

450

(1)

Technique of Retroperitoneoscopic Laparoscopic Lymphatic Disconnection

450

(2)

Technical Tips to Aid Laparoscopic Lymphatic Disconnection

452

(1)

Postoperative Care and Follow-Up

453

(1)

Advantages of Laparoscopy

453

(1)

Retroperitoneal vs. Transperitoneal Lympholysis

454

(1)

References

454

(1)

Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Surgery

455

(10)

Bipan Chand

Jeffrey Ponsky

Introduction

455

(1)

Indications and Contraindications

455

(1)

Anatomy

456

(1)

Surgical Techniques

457

(1)

Postoperative Care

458

(1)

Technical Pearls

458

(2)

References

460

(5)

SECTION V: LAPAROSCOPIC UROLOGIC ONCOLOGY

Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy for Malignancy

465

(8)

Alireza Moinzadeh

Introduction

465

(1)

Adrenalectomy for Solitary Metastasis

465

(1)

Adrenalectomy for Adrenocortical Carcinoma

466

(1)

Controversy About the Role of Laparoscopy for Malignancy

467

(1)

Laparoscopy for Malignant Adrenal Lesions

468

(1)

General Guidelines for Surgery

469

(1)

Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy for Malignancy: Caveats

469

(1)

References

470

(3)

Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy: Transperitoneal Approach

473

(10)

Michael Grasso III

Introduction

473

(1)

Indications for Surgical Intervention Using a Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Approach

473

(1)

Contraindications to Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy

474

(1)

Preoperative Evaluation

474

(1)

Surgical Technique

475

(4)

Results

479

(1)

References

480

(3)

Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy: Retroperitoneal Technique

483

(10)

Howard Evans

Michael G. Hobart

Introduction

483

(1)

Indications and Contraindications

484

(1)

Preoperative Preparation

484

(1)

Procedure

484

(6)

Specific Measures Taken to Avoid Complications

490

(1)

References

491

(2)

Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy: Current Status

493

(8)

Isaac Yi Kim

Ralph V. Clayman

Introduction

493

(1)

Surgical Approaches

493

(1)

Intraoperative and Perioperative Results

494

(1)

Oncologic Outcome

495

(1)

Complications

496

(1)

Futures

497

(1)

References

497

(2)

Commentary

499

(2)

R. C. Flanigan

Small Renal Tumors: Overview and Management by Active Surveillance

501

(10)

Alessandro Volpe

Michael A. S. Jewett

Natural History of Small Renal Tumors

502

(1)

Active Surveillance of Small Renal Tumors

503

(2)

References

505

(2)

Commentary

507

(4)

Morton A. Bosniak

Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: Technique

511

(8)

Jihad H. Kaouk

Introduction

511

(1)

Indications and Contraindications

511

(1)

Perioperative Patient Preparation

511

(1)

Surgical Techniques

512

(4)

Alternative Techniques

516

(1)

References

517

(2)

Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: Current Status

519

(24)

Massimiliano Spaliviero

Inderbir S. Gill

Introduction

519

(1)

Nephron-Sparing Surgery: Current Concepts

519

(2)

Nephron-Sparing Surgery: Current Indications

521

(1)

Open Partial Nephrectomy vs. Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy

522

(1)

Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy

522

(1)

Results

523

(1)

Multiple Tumors

524

(2)

Concomitant Adrenalectomy

526

(1)

Complications

526

(1)

Hemostatic Aids and Impact of Floseal

527

(3)

Impact of Warm Ischemia

530

(1)

Laparoscopic Renal Hypothermia

530

(1)

Oncologic Outcomes

531

(1)

Impact of Pelvicalyceal Suture Repair

532

(1)

Laparoscopic Heminephrectomy

532

(1)

Central vs. Peripheral Tumor

533

(1)

Hilar Clamping vs. Non-Clamping

533

(1)

Effect of Tumor Size

533

(1)

Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for Cystic Masses

534

(1)

Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for Hilar Tumors

534

(1)

Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy in the Solitary Kidney

535

(1)

Transperitoneal vs. Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy

535

(1)

Financial Analysis

536

(1)

Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy

536

(1)

Follow-Up

537

(1)

Future Directions: Hydro-Jet Technology

537

(1)

Lasers

538

(1)

References

539

(4)

Renal Cryoablation: Technique and Results

543

(10)

Murali K. Ankem

Stephen Y. Nakada

Introduction

543

(1)

Patient Selection: Indications and Contraindications

544

(1)

Preoperative Preparation

544

(1)

Technique

545

(2)

Instrument List

547

(2)

Results

549

(2)

References

551

(2)

Renal Radiofrequency Ablation: Technique and Results

553

(12)

Edward D. Matsumoto

Jeffrey A. Cadeddu

Introduction

553

(1)

Mechanism of Action

553

(1)

Patient Selection: Indication and Contraindications

554

(1)

Preoperative Preparation

554

(1)

Laparoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation Technique

554

(2)

Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation Technique

556

(1)

Radiofrequency Ablation Follow-Up

557

(1)

Pros and Cons

557

(1)

Results: Experimental Studies

558

(1)

Results: Clinical Studies

559

(2)

References

561

(1)

Commentary

562

(3)

Harrison K. Rhee

John A. Libertino

Laparoscopic Radical Nephroureterectomy: Techniques for the Management of Distal Ureter and Bladder Cuff

565

(8)

Gary W. Chien

Marcelo A. Orvieto

Arieh L. Shalhav

Introduction

565

(1)

Techniques for Management of Distal Ureter and Bladder Cuff

565

(4)

Open Management of the Distal Ureter and Bladder Cuff Following Laparoscopic Radical Nephroureterectomy

569

(2)

References

571

(1)

Commentary

572

(1)

John M. Fitzpatrick

Laparoscopic Radical Nephroureterectomy: Current Status

573

(14)

Surena F. Matin

Introduction

573

(1)

Nephrectomy

573

(2)

The Current Status of Laparoscopic Radical Nephroureterectomy, Distal Ureterectomy, and Bladder Cuff Excision

575

(2)

Morbidity Associated with Laparoscopic Radical Nephroureterectomy

577

(1)

Oncologic Efficacy

578

(1)

Adjunctive Procedures During Laparoscopic Radical Nephroureterectomy: Lymphadenectomy and Adrenatectomy

578

(1)

Local Recurrences: Port Site and Ureteral Stump

579

(3)

References

582

(2)

Commentary

584

(3)

J. deKernion

Kidney Cancer Specimen Extraction: Intracorporeal Morcellation

587

(12)

Maxwell V. Meng

Introduction

587

(1)

Background

587

(1)

Description of Method

588

(3)

Outcomes of Morcellation

591

(1)

Pathologic Considerations

592

(4)

References

596

(3)

Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection Technique

599

(12)

Nasser Albqami

Gunter Janetschek

Introduction

599

(1)

Therapeutic Concepts and Patient Selection

599

(2)

Contraindications for Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection

601

(1)

Preoperative Preparation

601

(1)

Templates

602

(1)

Patient Positioning

602

(1)

Trocar Placement and Pneumoperitoneum

603

(1)

Procedure

603

(3)

Extraperitoneal Approach

606

(3)

References

609

(2)

Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Clinical Stage I Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Testicular Cancer: Current Status

611

(6)

Sam B. Bhayani

Louis R. Kavoussi

Introduction

611

(1)

Differences in Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissections

611

(1)

Efficacy of Treatment Options

612

(2)

Complications of Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection

614

(1)

Postchemotherapy Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection

614

(1)

References

614

(1)

Commentary

615

(2)

Jerome P. Richie

Laparoscopic Pelvic Lymphadenectomy for Prostate and Bladder Cancer

617

(8)

Antonio Finelli

Introduction

617

(1)

Prostate Cancer

617

(2)

Bladder Cancer

619

(2)

Port-Site Tumor Seeding and Local Recurrence

621

(1)

References

621

(4)

Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy (Prostate Sparing)

625

(12)

Xavier Cathelineau

Carlos Arroyo

Francois Rozet

Eric Barret

Guy Vallancien

Introduction

625

(1)

Patient Selection: Indications and Contraindications

625

(1)

Preoperative Preparation

626

(1)

Detailed Laparoscopic Technique

626

(2)

Description of Technical Modifications

628

(2)

Specific Measures Taken to Avoid Complications

630

(1)

Postoperative Evaluation

631

(1)

Results

631

(1)

Discussion

632

(2)

References

634

(3)

Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy: Technique

637

(6)

Karim A. Touijer

Stephen J. Savage

Introduction

637

(1)

Patient Selection

637

(1)

Preoperative Patient Preparation

638

(1)

Surgical Technique

638

(1)

Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy in the Male Patient

638

(3)

Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy in the Female Patient

641

(1)

Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy

642

(1)

Urinary Diversions

642

(1)

Conclusion

642

(1)

References

642

(1)

Laparoscopic Bowel Surgery: General Considerations

643

(4)

Anthony J. Senagore

Introduction

643

(1)

Patient Selection: Indications and Contraindications

643

(1)

Perioperative Care

643

(1)

Operative Techniques

644

(2)

References

646

(1)

Laparoscopic Urinary Diversion

647

(22)

David Canes

Harrison K. Rhee

Ingolf Tuerk

Introduction

647

(1)

Indications and Contraindications

648

(2)

A: Noncontinent Urinary Diversions

650

(1)

Heal Conduit

650

(1)

Lap-Assisted Ileal Conduit Urinary Diversion

651

(2)

Pure Laparoscopic Ileal Conduit Urinary Diversion

653

(2)

B: Continent Urinary Diversion

655

(1)

Orthotopic Neobladder

655

(1)

Lap-Assisted Orthotopic Neobladder

656

(2)

Pure Laparoscopic Orthotopic Neobladder

658

(2)

Laparoscopic Mainz II Pouch (Sigma-Rectum Pouch)

660

(3)

Future Directions

663

(1)

References

664

(1)

Commentary

665

(2)

John P. Stein

Commentary

667

(2)

Urs E. Studer

Laparoscopic Surgery for Bladder Cancer: Current Status

669

(8)

Osamu Ukimura

Inderbir S. Gill

Introduction

669

(1)

Histologic and Experimental Background

670

(1)

Clinical Series

670

(4)

International Registry and Future Direction

674

(1)

References

675

(2)

Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: Technical Variations, Oncologic and Functional Results, and Training

677

(28)

Jens J. Rassweiler

Tibet Erdogru

Marto Sugiono

Marzel Hrutza

Dogu Teber

The History of Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy

677

(1)

Indications of Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy

678

(1)

Specific Contraindications

679

(1)

Laparoscopic Transperitoneal Ascending Radical Prostatectomy (The Heilbronn Technique)

679

(6)

Laparoscopic Transperitoneal Descending Radical Prostatectomy (The Montsouris Technique)

685

(3)

Technical Variations

688

(3)

Results

691

(7)

Training

698

(2)

References

700

(2)

Commentary

702

(3)

Guy Vallancien

Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: Extraperitoneal Technique

705

(12)

Clement-Claude Abbou

Andras Hoznek

Laurent Salomon

Matthew T. Gettman

Philippe Sebe

Introduction

705

(1)

Operative Technique

705

(6)

Discussion

711

(1)

Conclusion

712

(1)

References

713

(1)

Commentary

714

(3)

Renaud Bollens

Claude Schulman

Robotic Radical Prostatectomy: Technique and Results

717

(12)

Melissa C. Fischer

James O. Peabody

Mani Menon

Ashok K. Hemal

Introduction and Background

717

(1)

Patient Selection: Indications and Contraindications

717

(1)

Preoperative Preparation

718

(1)

Detailed Robotic Prostatectomy Technique

718

(6)

Extraperitoneal Approach for Robotic Radical Prostatectomy

724

(1)

Specific Measures Taken to Avoid Complications

724

(1)

Results

724

(2)

References

726

(1)

Commentary

727

(2)

Guy Vallancien

Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: Current Status

729

(16)

Karim A. Touijer

Edouard Trabulsi

Bertrand Guillonneau

Introduction

729

(1)

Technique

730

(1)

Perioperative Parameters

731

(3)

Cancer Control

734

(2)

Functional Results

736

(1)

New Innovations in Laparoscopic Prostate Surgery

737

(1)

Personal Experience of the Senior Author (B. G.): The Lessons Learned

737

(2)

References

739

(2)

Commentary

741

(4)

Robert P. Myers

Port Site Metastasis in Urologic Laparoscopy

745

(12)

Steven M. Baughman

Jay T. Bishoff

Introduction

745

(1)

History: Gynecologic and General Surgery Literature

745

(1)

Urologic Experience

746

(3)

Basic Science and Predisposing Factors

749

(2)

Port Site Recurrence Prevention

751

(1)

Percutaneous Ablation

751

(1)

References

752

(5)

SECTION VI: PEDIATRIC LAPAROSCOPY

Laparoscopy in the Child: Specific Issues

757

(10)

Craig A. Peters

Indications

757

(1)

Oncology

757

(1)

Patient Preparation

758

(1)

Port Positioning and Setup

758

(1)

Cannulae

759

(1)

Hand Instruments

759

(1)

Access

759

(1)

Manipulation Principles

760

(1)

Retroperitoneal Access

761

(1)

Physiology and Anesthetic Considerations

762

(1)

Complications

762

(1)

Surgical Complications

763

(1)

Postoperative Course

763

(1)

References

764

(3)

Laparoscopic Management of the Undescended Nonpalpable Testicle

767

(12)

Gerald H. Jordan

Linda Baker

Introduction

767

(1)

Considerations for Orchidopexy

768

(3)

Therapeutic Laparoscopy

771

(5)

References

776

(3)

Laparoscopic Ureteral Reimplantation

779

(6)

Jonathan H. Ross

Richard Sutherland

Introduction

779

(1)

Vesicoureteral Reflux: Management

779

(1)

Transvesical Cross-Trigonal Approach

780

(1)

Laparoscopic Extravesical Approach

780

(1)

References

781

(4)

SECTION VII: HAND-ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPY

Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Nephrectomy

785

(14)

Steven J. Shichman

Joseph R. Wagner

Introduction

785

(1)

Patient Selection: Indications and Contraindications

786

(1)

Preoperative Preparation

786

(1)

Detailed Laparoscopic Technique

787

(6)

Pros and Cons of Different Techniques

793

(2)

Specific Measures Taken to Avoid Complications

795

(1)

References

796

(3)

Hand-Assisted Laparoscopy: Current Status

799

(14)

J. Stuart Wolf, Jr.

Stephen Y. Nakada

Introduction

799

(1)

History

799

(1)

Experience with Hand-Assisted Laparoscopy

800

(3)

Complications of Hand-Assisted Laparoscopy

803

(1)

Comparison of Hand-Assisted Laparoscopy to Other Laparoscopic Techniques

804

(4)

Selection of Patients for Hand-Assisted Laparoscopy

808

(1)

References

809

(4)

Gasless Laparoscopy

813

(12)

Kazuo Suzuki

Introduction

813

(1)

History

813

(2)

Equipment and Technique

815

(2)

Gasless vs. Pneumoperitoneum

817

(2)

References

819

(6)

SECTION VIII: LAPAROSCOPY: DEVELOPING TECHNIQUES

Thoracoscopic Transdiaphragmatic Adrenalectomy

825

(10)

Massimiliano Spaliviero

Anoop M. Meraney

Introduction

825

(1)

Current Indications and Contraindications of Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy

825

(1)

Transthoracic Laparoscopy: Experimental and Clinical Data

826

(1)

Thoracoscopic Transdiaphragmatic Adrenalectomy: Patient Selection

827

(1)

Surgical Technique

828

(3)

Results

831

(2)

Technical Limitations

833

(1)

References

833

(2)

Renal Hypothermia

835

(6)

Anup P. Ramani

Introduction

835

(1)

Physiology of Renal Hypothermia

835

(1)

Techniques of Laparoscopic Renal Hypothermia

836

(1)

Laparoscopic Ice Slush Renal Hypothermia

836

(1)

Endoscopic Retrograde Cold Saline Infusion

837

(1)

Transarterial Renal Hypothermia

838

(1)

The Laparoscopic Cooling Sheath

839

(1)

Ancillary Techniques for Ischemic Renoprotection

839

(1)

References

840

(1)

Laparoscopic Renovascular Surgery

841

(4)

Thomas H. S. Hsu

Introduction

841

(1)

Laparoscopic Aortorenal Bypass

841

(1)

Laparoscopic Renal Autotransplantation

842

(1)

Laparoscopic Repair of Renal Artery Aneurysm

843

(1)

References

843

(2)

Laparoscopic Surgery for the Horseshoe Kidney

845

(6)

Hyung L. Kim

Peter Schulam

Introduction

845

(1)

Pyeloplasty

845

(2)

Heminephrectomy

847

(2)

References

849

(2)

Laparoscopic Boari Flap Ureteroneocystostomy and Ileal Ureter Replacement

851

(4)

Amr F. Fergany

Laparoscopic Boari Flap Ureteroneocystostomy

851

(1)

Laparoscopic Ileal Ureter Replacement

852

(2)

References

854

(1)

Transvesical Laparoscopic Bladder Diverticulectomy

855

(4)

Vito Pansadoro

Introduction

855

(1)

History of Laparoscopic Diverticulectomy

855

(1)

Indications and Contraindications

855

(1)

Surgical Technique

856

(1)

Current Data from the Literature

857

(1)

Complications

857

(1)

Advantages and Disadvantages

857

(1)

References

857

(2)

Laparoscopic Simple Prostatectomy

859

(10)

Rene Sotelo Noguera

Alejandro Garcia-Segui

Introduction

859

(1)

Patient Selection

860

(1)

Preoperative Preparation

860

(1)

Laparoscopic Technique

861

(1)

Technical Modifications

862

(2)

Pros and Cons of Various Techniques

864

(2)

Specific Measures Taken to Prevent Complications

866

(1)

References

866

(3)

Techniques for Urethrovesical Anastomosis in Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy

869

(14)

Roland F. P. van Velthoven

Introduction

869

(1)

Patient Positioning

869

(1)

Surgeon Positioning

870

(1)

Preparation of the Urethral Stump

870

(1)

Preparation of the Bladder Neck

871

(1)

Urethrovesical Anastomosis in the Montsouris Technique

871

(1)

Running Suture Technique for Vesicourethral Anastomosis

872

(2)

Single Knot Method for the Laparoscopic Running Urethrovesical Anastomosis

874

(2)

Discussion

876

(3)

References

879

(4)

Minilaparoscopic Urologic Surgery

883

(6)

Anoop M. Meraney

Introduction

883

(1)

Minilaparoscopic Instruments

883

(1)

Minilaparoscopic Urologic Procedures

884

(3)

Benefits and Limitations

887

(1)

Current Status and Future Potential

887

(1)

References

888

(1)

Robotic Surgery: Other Applications

889

(12)

Amy E. Krambeck

Matthew T. Gettman

Introduction

889

(1)

Upper Urinary Tract

889

(4)

Lower Urinary Tract

893

(2)

Conclusion

895

(1)

References

896

(5)

SECTION IX: LAPAROSCOPIC COMPLICATIONS: ETIOLOGY, PREVENTION, MANAGEMENT

Vascular Complications During Urologic Laparoscopy

901

(10)

James R. Porter

Introduction

901

(1)

Frequency of Laparoscopic Vascular Injury

901

(3)

Access-Related Injury

904

(4)

References

908

(3)

Laparoscopic Complications: Gastrointestinal

911

(12)

Ramakrishna Venkatesh

Jaime Landman

Introduction

911

(1)

Abdominal Access-Related Bowel Injuries

911

(2)

Non--Access-Related Bowel Injuries

913

(2)

Electrocautery Bowel Injury

915

(2)

Mechanical Bowel Injury

917

(1)

Gastric or Duodenal Injuries

917

(1)

Hepatobiliary, Splenic, or Pancreatic Injury

917

(1)

Previous Open Abdominal Surgery and Laparoscopic Surgery

918

(1)

Hand-Assisted Laparoscopy

918

(1)

Trocar Site Hernia

919

(1)

Rectal Injury During Radical Prostatectomy

919

(1)

Surgeon Experience

920

(1)

References

921

(2)

Laparoscopic Complications: Neuromuscular

923

(10)

Dan B. French

Robert Marcovich

Introduction

923

(1)

Anatomic Overview

923

(2)

Risk Factors for Neuromuscular Injury

925

(2)

Types of Injuries

927

(5)

References

932

(1)

Complications: Thoracic

933

(6)

Sidney C. Abreu

Joao Batista G. Cerqueira

Gilvan Neiva Fonseca

Introduction

933

(1)

Incidence

933

(1)

Etiology

933

(3)

Diagnosis and Management

936

(1)

Prevention

936

(1)

References

937

(2)

Gynecologic Injuries Involving the Urinary System

939

(14)

John E. Jelovsek

Tommaso Falcone

Paul K. Tulikangas

Introduction

939

(1)

Gynecologic Disorders That Involve the Lower Urinary Tract

939

(1)

Preoperative Gynecologic Evaluation

939

(1)

Uterine Leiomyomata

940

(1)

Hysterectomy

941

(1)

Pelvic Adhesions

941

(2)

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

943

(1)

Adnexal Masses

944

(1)

Ovarian Remnant

945

(1)

Cervical Cancer

945

(1)

Endometriosis

946

(1)

Fistula

947

(1)

Urinary Tract Injury During Gynecologic Procedures

947

(1)

Injury to the Urethra

947

(1)

Injury to the Bladder

947

(1)

Injuries to the Ureter

948

(1)

Manipulators

948

(1)

References

949

(4)

SECTION X: LAPAROSCOPY: SELECT ASPECTS

Immunologic Aspects of Laparoscopy

953

(18)

Prokar Dasgupta

Ben Challacombe

Introduction

953

(1)

Basic Principles of Immunology

954

(1)

Laparoscopy and Systemic Immunity

955

(4)

Laparoscopy and Intraperitoneal Immune Function

959

(2)

Tumor Growth, Metastasis, and Immune Function

961

(1)

Laparoscopic Bowel Injury

962

(1)

Immunologic Aspects of Laparoscopic Urology

962

(3)

Future Directions

965

(2)

References

967

(4)

Laparoscopic Surgery in the High Risk Patient

971

(12)

Assaad El-Hakim

Benjamin R. Lee

Previous Abdominal Surgery

971

(2)

Coagulation Disorders

973

(3)

Cardiopulmonary Disorders

976

(1)

Ascites

977

(1)

Obesity

978

(2)

Advanced Age

980

(1)

References

981

(2)

Laparoscopic Surgery During Pregnancy

983

(14)

Michael D. Rollins

Raymond R. Price

Introduction

983

(1)

Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations

984

(2)

Special Considerations

986

(2)

Advantages of Laparoscopic Surgery

988

(1)

Safety of Laparoscopy

988

(1)

Nongynecologic Laparoscopic Procedures

989

(3)

Common Gynecologic Laparoscopic Procedures

992

(1)

Recommendations

992

(1)

References

993

(4)

Laparoscopy and Trauma

997

(4)

Abraham A. Nisim

Daniel R. Margulies

Introduction and Background

997

(1)

Penetrating Injuries

998

(1)

Blunt Trauma

999

(1)

References

999

(2)

Laparoscopic Ultrasonography

1001

(8)

Osamu Ukimura

General Principles of Laparoscopic Ultrasound

1001

(1)

Technique

1001

(1)

Doppler Ultrasound

1002

(1)

Urologic Utility of Laparoscopic Ultrasonography

1003

(3)

Prospects and Limitations for Laparoscopic Ultrasonography and New Technology

1006

(1)

References

1007

(2)

Financial Aspects of Urologic Laparoscopy

1009

(8)

Yair Lotan

Jeffrey A. Cadeddu

Introduction

1009

(1)

The Importance of Perspective

1009

(1)

Cost vs. Charge

1010

(2)

Current Financial State of Laparoscopic Procedures

1012

(1)

Laparoscopic Nephrectomy

1012

(1)

Laparoscopic Prostatectomy

1013

(2)

References

1015

(2)

Laparoscopic Surgery and the Community Urologist

1017

(8)

Scott D. Miller

Introduction

1017

(1)

The Private Practice Model

1017

(1)

Patient Outcome

1018

(2)

Building a Laparoscopic Practice

1020

(2)

References

1022

(3)

Laparoscopic Surgery: Medicolegal Aspects

1025

(28)

Michael Perrotti

Peter J. Millock

Michael E. Moran

Introduction

1025

(4)

Laparoscopic Complications

1029

(12)

Informed Consent

1041

(5)

References

1046

(7)

SECTION XI: THE FUTURE

Tissue Engineering

1053

(8)

J. Daniell Rackley

Anthony Atala

Introduction

1053

(1)

Basic Principles of Tissue Engineering

1053

(1)

Biomaterials for Genitourinary Tissue Engineering

1054

(4)

References

1058

(3)

Hydro-Jet Technology

1061

(6)

Bijan Shekarriz

Introduction

1061

(1)

Principles of Dissection

1062

(1)

Experimental Data in Urology

1063

(2)

Clinical Applications in Urology

1065

(1)

Future Perspectives

1065

(1)

References

1066

(1)

Tissue Expansion

1067

(12)

Jose R. Colombo, Jr.

Osamu Ukimura

Inderbir S. Gill

Pathophysiology

1068

(1)

Visceral Tissue Expansion in Urinary Tract

1068

(1)

Desai Study

1069

(2)

Results

1071

(4)

Clinical Study

1075

(1)

Clinical Implications

1075

(1)

References

1076

(3)

Extracorporeal Tissue Tripsy in Urology

1079

(12)

M. Marberger

Y. K. Fong

Introduction

1079

(1)

Radiosurgery

1079

(1)

Mechanical Tissue Tripsy

1079

(3)

Thermal Tissue Ablation

1082

(6)

References

1088

(3)

Telementoring and Telesurgery

1091

(6)

Mehran Anvari

Introduction

1091

(1)

Telementoring

1092

(1)

Robot-Assisted Remote Telepresence Surgery

1093

(3)

References

1096

(1)

Virtual Reality and Simulation in Urology

1097

(32)

Robert M. Sweet

Jeffrey Berkley

Introduction

1097

(2)

History

1099

(1)

Virtual Reality Role in Procedural Training

1100

(1)

Building a Virtual Reality Simulator

1100

(16)

Survey of Virtual Reality Urologic Simulators

1116

(1)

Cognitive Simulation Engines

1117

(1)

Complete Procedures

1117

(8)

References

1125

(4)

Mathematical Modeling for Predicting Outcomes in Laparoscopic Urology

1129

(12)

Sijo Joseph Parekattil

Introduction

1129

(1)

What Is Mathematical Modeling?

1130

(1)

How Good Is a Model?

1131

(1)

Application of Modeling in Urology

1131

(1)

Application of Modeling in Laparoscopy

1131

(3)

Results

1134

(4)

The Future

1138

(1)

References

1139

(2)

Nanotechnology and Urology

1141

(4)

Iqbal S. Shergill

Manit Arya

Hiten Patel

Introduction

1141

(1)

Potential Applications of Nanotechnology in Urology

1141

(1)

Delivery Systems for Drug and Gene Therapy

1142

(1)

Imaging and Labeling with Nanostructured Materials

1142

(1)

Molecular Recognition

1142

(1)

Nanosurgical Tools

1143

(1)

Synthetic Therapeutic Devices

1143

(1)

Nanotechnology and Limitations

1143

(1)

Nanotechnology and the Future

1143

(1)

Conclusion

1144

(1)

References

1144

(1)

The Surgeon of the Future

1145

(6)

Richard M. Satava

Introduction

1145

(1)

Clinical Practice

1146

(1)

Emerging Technologies

1147

(1)

Education and Training

1148

(1)

Research for Clinical Trials

1149

(1)

Moral and Ethical Challenges

1149

(1)

Conclusion

1149

(1)

References

1150

(1)

Index

1151

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Textbook of Laparoscopic Urology

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials