Tongue-Tied The Lives of Multilingual

Tongue-Tied is an anthology that gives voice to millions of people who, on a daily basis, are denied the opportunity to speak in their own language. First-person accounts by Amy Tan, Sherman Alexie, bell hooks, Richard Rodriguez, Maxine Hong Kingston and many other authors open windows onto the lives of linguistic minority students and their experience in coping in school and beyond. Selections from these writers are presented along accessible, abridged scholarly articles that assess the impact of language policies on the experiences and life opportunities of minority-language students. Vivid and unforgettable, the readings in Tongue-Tied are ideal for teaching and learning about American education and for spurring informed debate about the many factors that affect students and their lives. Visit our website for sample chapters!

Otto Santa Ana, associate professor and founding member of the Cesar Chavez Center for Chicana and Chicano Studies at UCLA

Foreword,

Ofelia Zepeda

xi

Student Preface,

Erika Villegas

xv

Acknowledgments

xvii

Introduction The Unspoken Issue That Silences Americans,

Otto Santa Ana

1

(10)

Part I The Child's Struggle against Silencing

Carole Yazzie-Shaw,

"Cut into Me"

11

(2)

Kit Yuen Quan,

"The Girl Who Wouldn't Sing"

13

(9)

Joe Nieto,

"Prospectus"

22

(1)

Maria Mazziotti Gillan,

"Learning Silence"

23

(2)

Luis Rodriguez,

from Always Running

25

(2)

Eva Hoffman,

from Lost in Translation

27

(4)

Phil George,

"Name Giveaway"

31

(1)

Margaret Montoya,

"Masks and Acculturation"

32

(2)

Richard Rodriguez,

"Aria"

34

(6)

Simon Ortiz,

"Language and Consciousness"

40

(8)

Carole Yazzie-Shaw,

"Back in Those Days"

48

(7)

Sherman Alexie,

"Indian Boy Love Song (#2)"

55

(1)

Delphine Red Shirt,

"Wasicuia ya he? Do you speak English?"

56

(8)

Paula Gunn Allen,

"Off Reservation Blues"

64

(2)

Antonia Castañeda,

"¿Qué dice? ¿Qué dice? Child Translators and the Power of Language"

66

(4)

Armand Garnet Ruffo,

"No Questions Asked"

70

(1)

David Sedaris,

"Me Talk Pretty One Day"

71

(4)

Julia Kristeva,

"The Silence of Polyglots"

75

(2)

Juanita M. Sánchez,

from "voz en una cárcel"

77

(1)

Maxine Hong Kingston,

from The Woman Warrior

78

(9)

Part II The History of Silencing Children

Chronology of Events, Court Decisions, and Legislation Affecting Language Minority Children in American Public Education

87

(24)

Part III The Potential and Vulnerability of Multilingual Children

Guadalupe Valdés,

"The Failure to Educate Immigrant Children"

111

(7)

Herbert Kohl,

from 36 Children

118

(6)

Richard Valencia and Daniel Solórzano,

"Today's Deficit Thinking about the Education of Minority Students"

124

(10)

William Labov,

"Academic Ignorance and Black Intelligence"

134

(18)

Luis Moll and Norma González,

"Beginning Where the Children Are"

152

(5)

Alberto Alvaro Rios,

excerpt from "Translating Translation: Finding the Beginning"

157

(8)

Part IV Mother Tongue

Pat Mora,

"Elena"

165

(1)

Jimmy Santiago Baca,

from Healing Earthquakes

166

(3)

Amy Tan,

"Mother Tongue"

169

(5)

Delphine Red Shirt,

"Lakota Words"

174

(4)

Pat Mora,

"Immigrants"

178

(1)

Nana Veary,

"My Hawai'i"

179

(5)

José Antonio Burciaga,

"Chief Wachuseh"

184

(2)

Rhina Espaillat,

"Translation"

186

(1)

José Antonio Burciaga,

"Bilingual Cognates"

187

(3)

Michael Awkward,

"Learning to Trust the Language I Thought I'd Left Behind"

190

(7)

Part V Excellence and Neglect in the Schooling of Multilingual Children

Daniel Solórzano and Ronald Solórzano,

"Principles of Successful Schools for Multilingual Children"

197

(4)

Tamara Lucas, Rosemary Henze, and Rubén Donato

"The Best Multilingual Schools"

201

(13)

Catherine Snow,

"The Four Spokes of the Second Language Learning Wheel"

214

(8)

Virginia Collier,

"Teaching Multilingual Children"

222

(14)

John Rickford,

"Suite for Ebony and Phonics: Reflections on African American English"

236

(6)

Lisa Delpit,

"What Should Teachers Do about Ebonics?"

242

(11)

Part VI Rage, Regret, and Resistance

Benjamin Alire Sáenz,

"I Want to Write an American Poem II"

253

(2)

bell hooks,

"Teaching New Worlds/New Words"

255

(6)

Janet Campbell Hale,

"Desmet, Idaho, March 1969"

261

(1)

Gloria Anzaldúa,

"Speaking in Tongues: A Letter to 3rd World Women Writers"

262

(2)

Louise Erdrich,

"Two Languages in Mind, but Just One in the Heart"

264

(4)

Michele M. Serros,

"Mi Problema"

268

(2)

Gloria Anzaldúa,

"Linguistic Terrorism"

270

(2)

Rosario Morales,

"I Recognize You"

272

(1)

Eva Hoffman,

"The New World"

273

(8)

Benjamin Alire Sáenz,

"I Want to Write an American Poem III"

281

(3)

Abby Figueroa,

"Speaking Spanglish"

284

(3)

Gina Valdés,

"English con Salsa"

287

(2)

Sources and Permissions

289

(6)

Index

295

(6)

About the Authors

301

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Tongue-Tied The Lives of Multilingual Children in Public Education

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials