Tsunamigenic Earthquakes and Their

This series provides a venue for longer reviews of current advances in geophysics. Written at a level accessible to graduate students, the articles serve to broaden knowledge of various fields and may be useful in courses and seminars. Volume 39 includes two articles detailing aspects of tsunamigenic earthquakes and their consequences.

Contributors

ix

Heterogeneous Coupling along Alaska-Aleutians as Inferred from Tsunami, Seismic, and Geodetic Inversions

Jean M. Johnson

Introduction

1

(4)

Generation, Computation, and Inversion of Tsunami Waveforms

5

(23)

Generation, Propagation, and Observation of Tsunamis

5

(12)

Forward Computation of Tsunamis

17

(6)

Inversion of Tsunami Waveforms

23

(5)

The 1965 Rat Islands Earthquake: A Critical Comparison of Seismic and Tsunami Wave Inversions

28

(14)

Introduction

28

(1)

The 1965 Rat Islands Earthquake

29

(3)

Tsunami Study

32

(5)

Comparison of Seismic and Tsunami Results

37

(5)

Conclusions

42

(1)

The 1957 Great Aleutian Earthquake

42

(14)

Introduction

42

(2)

Previous Seismic Studies

44

(1)

Tsunami Source Area

45

(2)

Tsunami Waveform Inversion

47

(6)

Comparison of Seismic and Tsunami Results

53

(1)

The 1986 Andreanof Islands Earthquake

53

(3)

Rupture Extent of the 1938 Alaskan Earthquake as Inferred from Tsunami Waveforms

56

(6)

Introduction

56

(1)

Previous Studies of the 1938 Earthquake

57

(1)

Tsunami Waveform Inversion

58

(4)

Conclusions

62

(1)

Estimation of Seismic Moment and Slip Distribution of the 1 April 1946 Aleutian Tsunami Earthquake

62

(20)

Introduction

62

(3)

Previous Seismic Analysis

65

(3)

Tsunami Analysis

68

(9)

Discussion

77

(2)

Seismic and Tsunami Hazards

79

(2)

Conclusions

81

(1)

The 1964 Prince William Sound Earthquake: Joint Inversion of Tsunami and Geodetic Data

82

(19)

Introduction

82

(2)

Previous Seismic Studies

84

(1)

Previous Geodetic Studies

84

(2)

Previous Tsunami Studies

86

(1)

Joint Inversion

87

(11)

Comparison with Previous Studies

98

(1)

Discussion

99

(2)

Conclusions

101

(16)

Appendix: Notes on the Tsunami Waveform Inversion Method

105

(5)

References

110

(7)

Local Tsunamis and Earthquake Source Parameters

Eric L. Geist

Introduction

117

(3)

Tsunami Theory

120

(13)

General Approaches

121

(2)

Coseismic Surface Deformation

123

(3)

Tsunami Propagation

126

(4)

Tsunami Run-up

130

(3)

Local versus Far-Field Tsunamis

133

(5)

Source Parameters Affecting Far-Field Tsunamis

133

(1)

Coseismic Displacement near a Coastline

134

(1)

Wave Evolution over the Source Area

135

(3)

Tectonic Setting of Tsunamigenic Earthquakes

138

(3)

Types of Subduction Zone Faulting

138

(1)

Nature of Rupture along the Interplate Thrust

139

(2)

Effect of Static Source Parameters on Tsunamis

141

(23)

Fault Geometry

145

(8)

Fault Slip

153

(2)

Slip Direction

155

(5)

Physical Properties

160

(4)

Summary of Static Source Parameter Effects

164

(1)

Effect of Spatial Variations in Earthquake Source Parameters

164

(11)

Slip Variations

165

(6)

Triggered and Compound Earthquakes

171

(4)

Effect of Temporal Variations in Earthquake Source Parameters

175

(7)

Rise Time

175

(3)

Rupture Velocity

178

(3)

Dynamic Overshoot of Vertical Displacements

181

(1)

Local Effects of Tsunami Earthquakes

182

(10)

Characteristics of Tsunami Earthquakes

184

(3)

Results from Broadband Analysis of Recent Tsunami Earthquakes

187

(2)

Mechanics of Shallow Thrust Faults Related to Local Tsunamis

189

(2)

Outstanding Problems

191

(1)

Case History: 1992 Nicaragua Earthquake and Tsunami

192

(3)

Geometric and Physical Parameters

192

(2)

Temporal Progression of Rupture

194

(1)

Magnitude and Distribution of Slip

194

(1)

Conclusions

195

(16)

Appendix

197

(1)

References

198

(13)

Index

211

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Tsunamigenic Earthquakes and Their Consequences

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials