Tunable Laser Optics

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ISBN: 9780122226960 | 0122226968
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 8/29/2003

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The chapters in this handbook will provide self-contained treatment of the topic to allow readers to go directly to the appropriate chapter to deal with a particular topic. The knowledge and experience here integrates aspects of laser oscillators, laser amplifiers, laser systems, engineering of rugged laser cavities, and more.

Preface

xiii

Chapter 1 Introduction to Lasers

1.1 Introduction

(2)

1.1.1 Historical Remarks

(1)

1.2 Lasers

(2)

1.2.1 Laser Optics

(1)

1.3 Excitation Mechanisms and Rate Equations

(9)

1.3.1 Rate Equations

(1)

1.3.2 Dynamics of the Multiple-Level System

(5)

1.3.3 Transition Probabilities and Cross Sections

(3)

1.4 Laser Resonators and Laser Cavities

(6)

Problems

(1)

References

(3)

Chapter 2 Dirac Optics

2.1 Dirac Notation in Optics

(2)

2.2 Interference

(7)

2.2.1 Geometry of the N-Slit Interferometer

(1)

2.2.2 N-Slit Interferometer Experiment

(3)

2.3 Diffraction

(6)

2.4 Refraction

(1)

2.5 Reflection

(1)

2.6 Angular Dispersion

(1)

2.7 Dirac and the Laser

(1)

Problems

(1)

References

(3)

Chapter 3 The Uncertainty Principle in Optics

3.1 Approximate Derivation of the Uncertainty Principle

(4)

3.1.1 The Wave Character of Particles

(1)

3.1.2 The Diffraction Identity and the Uncertainty Principle

(3)

3.1.3 Alternative Versions of the Uncertainty Principle

(1)

3.2 Applications of the Uncertainty Principle in Optics

(6)

3.2.1 Beam Divergence

(2)

3.2.2 Beam Divergence and Astronomy

(2)

3.2.3 The Uncertainty Principle and the Cavity Linewidth Equation

(1)

Problems

(1)

References

(2)

Chapter 4 The Physics of Multiple-Prism Optics

4.1 Introduction

(1)

4.2 Generalized Multiple-Prism Dispersion

(6)

4.2.1 Double-Pass Generalized Multiple-Prism Dispersion

(2)

4.2.2 Multiple Return-Pass Generalized Multiple-Prism Dispersion

(2)

4.2.3 Single-Prism Equations

(1)

4.3 Multiple-Prism Dispersion and Linewidth Narrowing

(4)

4.3.1 The Mechanics of Linewidth Narrowing in Optically Pumped Pulsed Laser Oscillators

(2)

4.3.2 Design of Zero-Dispersion Multiple-Prism Beam Expanders

(1)

4.4 Multiple-Prism Dispersion and Pulse Compression

(4)

4.5 Applications of Multiple-Prism Arrays

(1)

Problems

(1)

References

(2)

Chapter 5 Linear Polarization

5.1 Maxwell Equations

(2)

5.2 Polarization and Reflection

(2)

5.2.1 The Plane of Incidence

(1)

5.3 Polarizing Prisms

(6)

5.3.1 Transmission Efficiency in Multiple-Prism Arrays

(1)

5.3.2 Induced Polarization in a Double-Prism Beam Expander

(1)

5.3.3 Double-Refraction Polarizers

(2)

5.3.4 Attenuation of the Intensity of Laser Beams Using Polarization

(1)

5.4 Polarization Rotators

(5)

5.4.1 Fresnel Rhombs and Total Internal Reflection

(1)

5.4.2 Birefringent Rotators

(1)

5.4.3 Broadband Prismatic Rotators

(3)

Problems

(1)

References

(2)

Chapter 6 Laser Beam Propagation Matrices

6.1 Introduction

(1)

6.2 ABCD Propagation Matrices

(18)

6.2.1 Properties of ABCD Matrices

(1)

6.2.2 Survey of ABCD Matrices

(1)

6.2.3 The Astronomical Telescope

(7)

6.2.4 A Single-Prism in Space

103

(1)

6.2.5 Multiple-Prism Beam Expanders

104

(2)

6.2.6 Telescopes in Series

106

(1)

6.2.7 Single-Return-Pass Beam Divergence

107

(1)

6.2.8 Multiple-Return-Pass Beam Divergence

108

(2)

6.2.9 Unstable Resonators

110

(1)

6.3 Higher-Order Matrices

111

(3)

Problems

114

(1)

References

114

(1)

Chapter 7 Pulsed Narrow-Linewidth Tunable Laser Oscillators

7.1 Introduction

115

(1)

7.2 Transverse and Longitudinal Modes

116

(6)

7.2.1 Transverse-Mode Structure

116

(2)

7.2.2 Longitudinal-Mode Emission

118

(4)

7.3 Tunable Laser Oscillator Architectures

122

(14)

7.3.1 Tunable Laser Oscillators Without Intracavity Beam Expansion

122

(4)

7.3.2 Tunable Laser Oscillators with Intracavity Beam Expansion

126

(5)

7.3.3 Widely Tunable Narrow-Linewidth External-Cavity Semiconductor Lasers

131

(3)

7.3.4 Distributed-Feedback Lasers

134

(2)

7.4 Wavelength-Tuning Techniques

136

(8)

7.4.1 Prismatic Tuning Techniques

137

(1)

7.4.2 Diffractive Tuning Techniques

138

(1)

7.4.3 Interferometric Tuning Techniques

139

(2)

7.4.4 Longitudinal Tuning Techniques

141

(1)

7.4.5 Synchronous Tuning Techniques

142

(2)

7.5 Polarization Matching

144

(2)

7.6 Design of Efficient Narrow-Linewidth Tunable Laser Oscillators

146

(2)

7.6.1 Useful Axioms for the Design of Narrow-Linewidth Tunable Laser Oscillators

147

(1)

7.7 Narrow-Linewidth Oscillator-Amplifiers

148

(4)

7.7.1 Laser-Pumped Narrow-Linewidth Oscillator-Amplifier Configurations

148

(2)

7.7.2 Narrow-Linewidth Master-Oscillator Forced-Oscillator Configurations

150

(2)

Problems

152

(1)

References

152

(5)

Chapter 8 Nonlinear Optics

8.1 Introduction

157

(2)

8.2 Generation of Frequency Harmonics

159

(2)

8.2.1 Second-Harmonic and Sum-Frequency Generation

159

(3)

8.2.2 Difference-Frequency Generation and Optical Parametric Oscillation

162

(4)

8.2.3 The Refractive Index as a Function of Intensity

166

8.3 Optical Phase Conjugation

161

(9)

8.4 Raman Shifting

170

(2)

8.5 Applications of Nonlinear Optics

172

(2)

Problems

174

(1)

References

174

(3)

Chapter 9 Lasers and Their Emission Characteristics

9.1 Introduction

177

(1)

9.2 Gas Lasers

178

(6)

9.2.1 Pulsed Molecular Gas Lasers

179

(2)

9.2.2 Pulsed Atomic and Ionic Metal Vapor Lasers

181

(1)

9.2.3 Continuous-Wave Gas Lasers

182

(2)

9.3 Dye Lasers

184

(5)

9.3.1 Pulsed Dye Lasers

184

(3)

9.3.2 Continuous-Wave Dye Lasers

187

(2)

9.4 Solid-State Lasers

189

(4)

9.4.1 Ionic Solid-State Lasers

189

(1)

9.4.2 Transition Metal Solid-State Lasers

189

(2)

9.4.3 Color-Center Lasers

191

(1)

9.4.4 Diode-Laser-Pumped Fiber Lasers

191

(1)

9.4.5 Optical Parametric Oscillators

192

(1)

9.5 Semiconductor Lasers

193

(2)

9.6 Additional Lasers

195

(1)

References

196

(7)

Chapter 10 Architecture of N -Slit Interferometric Laser Optical Systems

10.1 Introduction

203

(1)

10.2 Optical Architecture of the N-Slit Laser Interferometer

204

(4)

10.2.1 Beam Propagation in the N-Slit Laser Interferometer

206

(2)

10.3 An Interferometric Computer

208

(3)

10.4 Applications of the N-Slit Laser Interferometer

211

(11)

10.4.1 Digital Laser Microdensitometer

211

(3)

10.4.2 Light Modulation Measurements

214

(1)

10.4.3 Secure Interferometric Communications in Free Space

214

(7)

10.4.4 Wavelength Meter and Broadband Interferograms

221

(1)

10.5 Sensitometry

222

(2)

Problems

224

(1)

References

225

(2)

Chapter 11 Spectrometry and Interferometry

11.1 Introduction

227

(1)

11.2 Spectrometry

227

(6)

11.2.1 Prism Spectrometers

228

(1)

11.2.2 Diffraction Grating Spectrometers

229

(2)

11.2.3 Dispersive Wavelength Meters

231

(2)

11.3 Interferometry

233

(14)

11.3.1 Two-Beam Interferometers

233

(3)

11.3.2 Multiple-Beam Interferometers

236

(6)

11.3.3 Interferometric Wavelength Meters

242

(5)

Problems

247

(1)

References

247

(2)

Chapter 12 Physical Constants and Optical Quantities

12.1 Fundamental Physical Constants

249

(1)

12.2 Conversion Quantities

250

(1)

12.3 Units of Optical Quantities

250

(1)

12.4 Dispersion of Optical Materials

250

(1)

12.5 δo/δT of Optical Materials

251

(1)

References

252

(1)

Appendix of Laser Dyes

253

(14)

Index

267

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Tunable Laser Optics

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials