Turkey in the European Union : Implications for Agriculture, Food and Structural Policy

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ISBN: 9780851990941 | 0851990940
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 10/6/2005

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The European Union will begin accession negotiations with Turkey in October 2005. With over half of EU legislation devoted to agriculture and food, and about 70 percent of the EU budget going to agriculture and low-income regions, agriculture, food, and rural issues will play a major role in the negotiations. This context raises questions such as: what will be the main challenges of EU membership for Turkey? What changes ill membership mean for Turkey's agricultural sector and rural population? This book presents a comprehensive description of Turkey's agricultural, food and rural sectors, focusing on institutional arrangements, performance and economic prospects and explores the possible consequences of accession, both for Turkey and the European Union.

Acknowledgements

xvii

Acronyms and Abbreviations

xix

Reference Exchange Rates

xxiii

1. Introduction

(8)

Arie Oskam and Alison Burrell

2. Turkey's Economy and Regional Income Distribution

(18)

Arie Oskam, Natasha Longworth and Ayselin Yildiz

2.1 Introduction,

(1)

2.2 Turkey at a glance,

(2)

2.3 Key features of the Turkish economy,

(6)

Instability of economic growth,

(2)

Inflation,

(1)

Employment,

(1)

The exchange rate,

(1)

Trade,

(1)

Current account and debt service,

(1)

2.4 Measuring the size of the economy and the standard of living,

(2)

2.5 Income distribution in Turkey,

(4)

Developments in the household income distribution,

(1)

Regional income distribution,

(3)

2.6 Summary,

(4)

3. The Institutional Framework of Turkey and Turkish Agriculture

(30)

Tugrul Temel

3.1 Introduction,

(1)

3.2 Institutional environment,

(10)

Political, social and economic ground rules,

(6)

Competition rules, 33 Property rights,

(1)

Education, science and innovation,

(2)

Institutional environment: summary,

(1)

3.3 Resource, technology and market institutions,

(14)

Resource institutions,

(6)

Technology institutions,

(4)

Market institutions,

(4)

3.4 Conclusions,

(5)

4. Agricultural Production, Prices and Trade

(32)

Natasha Longworth

4.1 Introduction,

(1)

4.2 Agriculture in the economy,

(1)

4.3 Labour and land in agriculture,

(3)

Labour,

(1)

Land,

(2)

4.4 Agricultural Production,

(14)

Size and regional diversity of agricultural production,

(2)

Value of agricultural production,

(2)

Crop production,

(2)

Fruit and vegetable production,

(4)

Livestock production,

(2)

Agronomic potential,

(2)

4.5 Agricultural prices,

(5)

Producer and input price indices,

(1)

Real price trends for selected products,

(1)

Comparison of prices in the EU-15 and Turkey,

(3)

4.6 Agricultural incomes,

(2)

4.7 Trade,

(1)

4.8 Summary and conclusions,

(5)

5. Turkey's Rural Population and Agricultural Workforce

(18)

Alison Burrell

5.1 Who is working in Turkish agriculture?,

(6)

Some basic definitions and data,

(1)

Labour force participation rates,

(2)

Unemployment,

(3)

5.2 Human capital in agriculture,

(4)

Literacy and schooling,

(3)

Agricultural education and training,

(1)

5.3 Quality of life in rural areas,

(4)

Health,

(2)

Nutrition,

101

(1)

Poverty and security,

101

(2)

5.4 Discussion, implications and conclusions,

103

(4)

6. Agricultural and Food Industry Structure

107

(20)

Siemen van Berkum

6.1 Introduction,

107

(1)

6.2 Structural features of the upstream industries,

107

(4)

Agro-chemicals, animal feed and the food processing machinery industries,

107

(2)

Seed industry,

109

(1)

Financing the agriculture and food sector,

110

(1)

6.3 The structure of primary agriculture,

111

(2)

6.4 Trends in the food industry structure and performance,

113

(5)

Importance of the food industry,

113

(1)

Branch composition,

113

(1)

Ownership in the food industry,

114

(1)

Concentration in the food industry,

115

(1)

Performance of the food industry,

116

(2)

6.5 Wholesale and retailing,

118

(2)

Wholesale structures,

118

(1)

Retail market structures,

119

(1)

6.6 Relationship of farms with markets,

120

(3)

Linkages between farms, processors and traders,

120

(2)

Retail procurement systems and vertical integration in the agrifood supply chain,

122

(1)

6.7 Conclusions,

123

(4)

7. Overview of Agricultural, Food, Rural and Structural Policies

127

(22)

Arie Oskam

7.1 Introduction,

127

(2)

7.2 Agricultural policy,

129

(12)

Introduction,

129

(1)

Policy process,

129

(1)

The agricultural sector and the functioning of agricultural policies,

130

(2)

The Agriculture Reform and Implementation Project (ARIP),

132

(7)

Agricultural policies for specific products,

139

(2)

7.3 Food policy,

141

(2)

Food safety,

141

(2)

Food quality,

143

(1)

Conclusions on food safety and food quality,

143

(1)

7.4 Rural development policy and structural policy,

143

(2)

Introduction,

143

(1)

Rural development projects,

144

(1)

Structural policy,

145

(1)

7.5 Discussion and conclusions,

145

(4)

8. Turkey's Foreign Trade Position

149

(20)

Alison Burrell

8.1 Overview,

149

(6)

Total merchandise trade and balance of payments,

149

(2)

Trade in agricultural products,

151

(3)

Turkey's agricultural trade with the European Union,

154

(1)

8.2 Trade policy,

155

(7)

Institutional aspects,

155

(1)

Agricultural trade policy measures and WTO commitments,

156

(5)

Turkey within the WTO,

161

(1)

8.3 Turkey's agricultural trade arrangements with the EU,

162

(3)

8.4 Turkey's agricultural trade profile,

165

(1)

8.5 Conclusions,

166

(3)

9. Environment and Agriculture

169

(22)

Irene Molina Vilchez

9.1 Introduction,

169

(1)

9.2 Environmental impacts of agriculture in Turkey,

169

(4)

Impacts on water resources,

169

(2)

Impacts on the soil,

171

(1)

Impacts on climate change,

172

(1)

Summary of agriculture's environmental impacts,

173

(1)

9.3 Overview of policies relating to the environmental impacts of agriculture,

173

(3)

Environmental policy,

173

(2)

Agricultural policy,

175

(1)

Rural development policy,

175

(1)

9.4 Environmental institutions,

176

(3)

Institutional reforms and organisational set-up,

176

(1)

Policy implementation, monitoring and enforcement,

177

(1)

Participation, collaboration and partnerships,

177

(1)

Financing environmental projects,

178

(1)

9.5 Organic agriculture and relevant institutions,

179

(4)

Market for organic products,

180

(1)

Institutional set-up for organic farming,

181

(1)

Prospects,

182

(1)

9.6 Biodiversity,

183

(4)

Biological diversity,

183

(1)

Influence of agriculture on biodiversity,

184

(1)

Institutional framework,

185

(2)

9.7 Conclusions,

187

(4)

10. Animal and Plant Health in Turkey

191

(26)

Alison Burrell

10.1 Animal health,

191

(13)

Turkey's animal sector,

191

(2)

List A diseases,

193

(5)

List B diseases,

198

(3)

Zoonoses in humans,

201

(1)

Current situation, prospects and conclusions,

202

(2)

10.2 Plant health,

204

(8)

Overview of agricultural and horticultural crops,

204

(1)

Arable crops,

205

(3)

Horticultural crops,

208

(2)

Current situation, prospects and conclusions,

210

(2)

10.3 Conclusions,

212

(5)

11. Consequences for the EU-27 of Enlargement to Turkey

217

(34)

Arie Oskam, Natasha Longworth and Irene Molina Vilchez

11.1 Introduction,

217

(1)

11.2 Assumptions regarding policy trends,

218

(1)

WTO and trade policy,

218

(1)

Food policy,

219

(1)

Environmental policy,

219

(1)

11.3 Consequences of Turkey's accession for EU agriculture and agricultural policy,

219

(1)

11.4 Sensitive single market issues,

220

(2)

Animal disease status,

220

(1)

New external borders,

221

(1)

11.5 Consequences for the EU food industry,

222

(2)

11.6 Assumptions underlying budget estimates,

224

(2)

11.7 Financial framework, structural policy and decision-making context,

226

(8)

The budget process 2007-2013,

227

(2)

Competition between growth strategies and rural/agricultural policies,

229

(1)

Proposed structural policy reform,

229

(3)

Rural policy,

232

(1)

Changes due to the Constitution,

232

(1)

Assumptions made about policies,

233

(1)

11.8 Turkish accession and the implementation of agricultural and rural policy,

234

(3)

Payments under the first pillar of the CAP,

234

(2)

Payments under the second pillar of the CAP,

236

(1)

11.9 Turkish accession and the implementation of structural policy,

237

(3)

Methodology,

237

(1)

'Statistical effect' of Turkish accession,

238

(1)

Cohesion fund,

239

(1)

11.10 Budgetary consequences,

240

(5)

Estimated budget items from the literature,

240

(5)

11.11 Discussion and conclusions,

245

(6)

12. Expected Consequences for Turkey of EU Entry in 2015

251

(28)

Tugrul Temel

12.1 Introduction,

251

(1)

12.2 Summary of assumptions,

252

(1)

12.3 Consequences for Turkish policies,

253

(8)

Implications for agricultural, food, rural and structural policies,

253

(3)

Implications for trade policy, and animal and plant health,

256

(3)

Implications for policies concerning environmental impacts of agriculture,

259

(2)

12.4 Implications for agrifood chain development,

261

(2)

12.5 Implications for institutions and their functioning,

263

(6)

12.6 Economic consequences,

269

(1)

Budget flows,

269

(1)

Other consequences,

269

(1)

12.7 Selected studies on Turkish accession,

270

(3)

Discussion,

270

(3)

12.8 Conclusions,

273

(3)

Appendix: Summary of four studies using simulation models,

276

(3)

13. Opportunities, Threats and Challenges

279

(8)

Alison Burrell

13.1 Introduction,

279

(1)

13.2 Opportunities,

280

(2)

13.3 Threats,

282

(2)

13.4 Challenges,

284

(3)

Appendix: Summary of Conclusions

287

(10)

Subject Index

297

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Turkey in the European Union : Implications for Agriculture, Food and Structural Policy

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