A Typographic Workbook: A Primer to History, Techniques, and Artistry

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ISBN: 9780471292371 | 0471292370
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 1/1/1999

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Welcome to a fascinating tour of the innovative potential of type-A Typographic Workbook, Second Edition. Lavishly illustrated with more than 450 images, this Second Edition clearly explains the process successful designers use to select, space, and creatively integrate fonts. The only book of its kind to combine the history of typography with practical application and technology, A Typographic Workbook clearly illustrates the use of type as a dynamic and expressive communication tool.

Introduction Text set in ITC Fenice

Chapter 1 Ancient Writing Systems

1-23

(22)

Introduction ITC Fenice

Pre-writing Societies ITC Fenice

The Development of Oral Communication ITC Fenice

Verbal-Based Societies ITC Fenice

Handing Down Knowledge Verbally ITC Fenice

Limitations of Oral Transmission of Knowledge ITC Fenice

Image-Making vs. Intended Communication ITC Garamond

Making the Transition from Speaking to Writing ITC Garamond

Pictographs as the Basis for Written Communication ITC Garamond

Writing & Recording History ITC Garamond

Early Writing Societies ITC Garamond Light

Pictograph-Based Writing Systems ITC Garamond Light

The Transition from Pictographs to Ideographs ITC Garamond Light

Sumerian Cuneiform Bodoni

Cuneiform Tablets Are Turned Sideways Bodoni

Introduction of the Triangular-Tipped Stylus Bodoni

The Transition from Ideographs to Rebuses and Phonograms Bodoni

Minoan Writing Bodoni

Egyptian Hieroglyphics Myriad Tilt

Cartouches Signified Sacred Names Myriad Tilt

Hieroglyphics: The Rebus Myriad Tilt

Papyrus: The Economical Writing Surface Myriad Tilt

The Costly Manufacturing of Scrolls Myriad Tilt

Hieratic Script: Written with Fluidity Myriad Tilt

Demotic Script Myriad Tilt

Dead Sea Scrolls at Burial Myriad Tilt

Reading & Writing Privileges Gill Sans Light

Parchment as a Writing Surface Gill Sans Light

Ancient Writing Systems Gill Sans Light

The Ancient Phoenician Alphabet Futura Book

Phonetics: How the Phoenician Alphabet Was Different from Other Ancient Writing Futura Book

The Alphabet Is Exported from Phoenicia to Greece Futura Book

Greece at Its Zenith Cheltenham Book

The Key to Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics Cheltenham Book

Ancient China: Papermaking & Printing Cheltenham Book

Project: Creating Pictographs, Ideographs, a Simple Alphabet ITC Fenice Light

Project: Custom-design Your Own Cartouche ITC Fenice Light

Project: Composing Simple Sentences in Hieroglyphics ITC Fenice

Ancient Writing Systems--Review ITC Fenice

Chapter 2 Roman Empire-Middle Ages Lettering

24-42

(18)

Introduction Caslon 540 Roman

The Impact of the Roman Empire on Lettering Caslon 540 Roman

Roman Triumphal Arches Caslon 540 Roman

Roman Lettering Caslon 540 Roman

Capitalis Quadrata to Rustica Caslon 540 Roman

Constantine Ends Christian Persecution Caslon 540 Roman

The Roman Empire Is Divided Caslon 540 Roman

The Scroll vs. Codex Controversy Caslon 540 Roman

The Development of Books Palatino Roman

The Everyday Roman Script Hand Palatino Roman

The Crumbling of an Empire Palatino Roman

Lettering as a Declaration of Faith Palatino Roman

The Middle Ages: Isolation & Religiosity Palatino Roman

Feudal Communities Palatino Roman

The Development of Divergent Copying Hands in Europe Palatino Roman

The Christianizing of Ireland & Celtic Lettering Palatino Roman

The Transition to Celtic Round Uncials Palatino Roman

A Unifying Force in Lettering: Charlemagne's Empire Palatino Roman

The Carolingian Lettering Style and the Miniscule ITC Serif Gothic

The Mediterranean Expansion of Moslems ITC Serif Gothic Light

The Romanesque Hand Invites Innovation ITC Serif Gothic Light

The Development of the Gothic Textura Hand ITC Serif Gothic Light

The Rise of the Secular Scribe ITC Serif Gothic Light

The Ottonian Empire ITC Serif Gothic Light

Pilgrimages & the "Holy" Wars ITC Serif Gothic Light

The Innovation of Rag Paper Rockwell Light

The Late Gothic Period Rockwell Light

The Founding of Universities and the Rise of Guilds Rockwell Light

The Black Plague Rockwell Light

The Early Forays into Printing Rockwell Light

Rotunda Compared to Gothic Lettering Rockwell Light

An Overview of the Lettering of the Middle Ages Rockwell Light

Setting the Stage for the Renaissance Rockwell Light

Project: Create an Illustrated Initial ITC Fenice Light

Roman Empire-Middle Ages Lettering--Review ITC Fenice Light

Chapter 3 Renaissance Typography/Printing

43-60

(17)

Introduction ITC Stone Serif

The Renaissance ITC Stone Serif

The Beginning of Printing ITC Stone Serif

Gutenberg and Movable, Reusable Type ITC Stone Serif

Gutenberg: The Metal Craftsman ITC Stone Serif

Movable, Reusable Type Stempel Schneidler Roman

The Printing Challenges Stempel Schneidler Roman

The Adjustable Precision Mold Stempel Schneidler Roman

The Goal: To Imitate a Hand-Copied Book Stempel Schneidler Roman

Hand-Illuminated vs. Printed Initial Capitals Stempel Schneidler Roman

The First Printing Ink Stempel Schneidler Roman

The Galley for Composing a Page Stempel Schneidler Roman

Creating Gutenberg's 42 Line Bible Windsor

Early Typefaces Windsor

Assembly-Line Production of Books Windsor

The Spread of Printing: Jenson in Italy Windsor

The First Publisher Windsor

The Introduction of the Aldine Italic with Griffo Windsor

The Letter as Art ITC New Baskerville

Printing in England: William Caxton ITC New Baskerville

The Religious Reformation & Witch-Hunting ITC New Baskerville

The Pinnacle of the Renaissance ITC New Baskerville

Classical Aesthetics Applied to Book Design ITC New Baskerville

France Offers a New Look in Type: Garamond ITC Frutiger Light

Printing Innovations: The Incunabula ITC Frutiger Light

Prevalence of Italic Faces ITC Frutiger Light

Copperplate Engraving ITC Frutiger Light

Handwriting as a Symbol of Being Wellbred ITC Frutiger Light

Early Printed Books ITC Frutiger Light

Project: Typographer Commemorative T-Shirts ITC Fenice Light

Renaissance Typography/Printing--Review ITC Fenice Light

Chapter 4 Colonial & Industrial Typography

61-75

(14)

Introduction Flare Gothic Light

Colonial Era Typography Flare Gothic Light

The Mathematically Perfect Font Flare Gothic Light

Rococo Era Typography Flare Gothic Light

Standardization of Type Measurement Flare Gothic Light

Colonization/Mechanization and Typography Clarendon Light

Separating the "I, J, U, and W" in English Clarendon Light

Type Tastes in England Clarendon Light

Writing Master to Type Designer Clarendon Light

Typography in Italy Clarendon Light

The Dawn of Industrialization Hardwood

The Growth of National Identities Hardwood

Fourdrinier's Wood Pulp Paper Machine Hardwood

Mechanization of Printing Hardwood

Introduction of Sans Serif Fonts Hardwood

A New Era in Typography: Advertising Times Roman

The Practical Writing Machine Times Roman

Stone/Chromolithography Printing Times Roman

The Use of Wood Type Times Roman

The Victorian Influence on Type Design Times Roman

The Use of the Camera in Documenting the Civil War Times Roman

Project: Design a Victorian Political Type Poster ITC Fenice Light

Colonial & Industrial Typography--Review ITC Fenice Light

Chapter 5 Parts of a Character

76-86

(10)

Introduction Bookman Light

Benefits of Knowing Type Details Bookman Light

Roman and Italic Bookman Light

Upper-& Lowercase, Ascenders & Descenders Bookman Light

Hairline Stroke & Stem Stroke Bookman Light

Serifs, Bracketing & Sans Serif Terminals Bookman Light

Body Height, X-Height, Waist Line, Mean Line Bookman Light

Stress or Bias of a Font Bookman Light

Bowls, Crotches & Counters in a Font Bookman Light

Apexes & Vertexes Bookman Light

Arms & Legs in Type Bookman Light

Ears & Spurs in Type Bookman Light

The Cross Bar & the Cross Stroke Bookman Light

Loops, Links & Tails Bookman Light

Spines, Eyes & Shoulders in Type Bookman Light

Swashes and Flags Bookman Light

Beaks and Barbs Bookman Light

Terminals Bookman Light

Point Size in Type Bookman Light

Knowing Type Terminology Bookman Light

Project: Design With One Character Bookman Light

Parts of a Character--Review Bookman Light

Chapter 6 20th Century Typography

87-109

(22)

Introduction Optima

The Arts & Crafts Movement Optima

Kelmscott Press Optima

Neon Type/Cameras for the Wealthy Optima

Speeding Up the Composing of Pages Optima

Changes and Innovations Optima

The War to End All Wars Optima

Art Nouveau Weiss

Rudolf Koch's Neuland: A Germanic Crafted Font Weiss

Frederic Goudy & Inspired Private Presses in the U.S. Weiss

Edward Johnston & Eric Gill: Classic Letterers Weiss

Offset Lithography Weiss

The Roaring '20s Weiss

Dada's Rejection of the Typographic Message Stone Sans

Art Deco's Influence on Type Stone Sans

The Bauhaus Aesthetic: Kandinsky & Bayer Stone Sans

Russian Constructivism: El Lissitzky Stone Sans

DeStijl Movement in the Netherlands Stone Sans

Minimal Typographic Design: Jan Tschichold Stone Sans

A Geometric Typeface: Paul Renner's Futura Stone Sans

The Effects of the Great Wall Street Crash of 1929 Stone Sans

Type for Daily Newspapers Stone Sans

The U.S. Enters WW II Industrial 736

Adrian Frutiger's Univers Numbered Family Industrial 736

The Swiss Design Style: Meidinger's Helvetica vs. Frutiger's Univers Industrial 736

A Classic Type Designer: Hermann Zapf Copperplate 29 AB

Fenice: Novarese's Elegant Font Industrial 736

Freeman Craw: A Designer of Stable Typefaces Industrial 736

Phototypesetting: Cold Type Industrial 736

Phototypesetting & Type Design Industrial 736

International Typeface Corporation Industrial 736

Edward Benguiat: A Prolific Type Designer Industrial 736

The 1960s and the Influence on Type Design Industrial 736

Seymour Chwast's Whimsical Typefaces Janson

Herb Lubalin's Flair for Innovative Typography Janson

The Radical '70s & Type Design Janson

Minimalism & Conceptual Art's Impact on Type Bembo

The Rise of Corporate Type and Design Guidelines Bembo

Post-Modernism/Memphis Influence on Type Design Bembo

Computers & Digital Type Design Bembo

Project: 20th Century Typographer Series Exhibition Poster Bembo

20th Century Typography--Review Bembo

Chapter 7 Changes in Printing Technology

110-127

(17)

Introduction Serifa Roman

Platen Letterpress Serifa Roman

Rotary Letterpress Serifa Roman

Setting Letterpress Type Serifa Roman

The Letterpress Character-A Piece of Lead Type Serifa Roman

Merganthaler's Linotype Machine Americana

Offset Lithography City Medium

Cold Type Replaces Hot Type City Medium

Phototypesetting City Medium

Digital Phototypesetting City Medium

Dot-Matrix Printers & Fonts City Medium

Dot-Matrix Output Garamond Condensed

Character/Daisy-Wheel Printers Melior

Ink Jet/Bubble Jet Printers Melior

Laser Printers Melior

Imagesetter Printers Melior

Home Computers & Television Web Browsers Melior

Screen Fonts ITC Stone Sans

Printer Fonts ITC Stone Sans

International Typeface Corporation ITC Stone Sans

Computers & Typography Matrix Script Book

The Macintosh Makes Computer Design Easy Matrix Script Book

Type Supply Houses Matrix Script Book

Gauging the Quality of Computer Fonts Melior

Computer-Type Design Matrix Script Book

Project: Create a Few Characters of a Font ITC Fenice

Changes in Printing Technology--Review ITC Fenice

Chapter 8 Measuring Type/Leading/Kerning/Ligatures

128-145

(17)

Introduction ITC Berkeley Oldstyle Book

The Point/Pica System of Measuring Type ITC Berkeley Oldstyle Book

Measuring the Point Size of Type ITC Berkeley Oldstyle Book

The History of Leading ITC Berkeley Oldstyle Book

Explaining Type High ITC Berkeley Oldstyle Book

The Set or Width of a Typeface ITC Berkeley Oldstyle Book

The Visual Appearance of Type Sizes/Body Height ITC Berkeley Oldstyle

Type-Specimen Books ITC Berkeley Oldstyle Book

Leading or Line Spacing ITC Berkeley Oldstyle Book

Spacing Letters within Words ITC Berkeley Oldstyle Book

Kerning Tables ITC Berkeley Oldstyle Book

Computerized Kerning ITC Berkeley Oldstyle Book

Ligatures American Typewriter Medium

Word Spacing American Typewriter Medium

General Rules for Headlines American Typewriter Medium

Headline Letter Spacing and Word Spacing American Typewriter Medium

Negative Leading in Headlines ITC Clearface Regular

Phrasing in Headlines ITC Clearface Regular

Placing the Headline/Readability in Headlines ITC Clearface Regular

Reversed Type in Headlines ITC Clearface Regular

Alignment/Optical Alignment in Headlines ITC Clearface Regular

Punctuation in Headlines ITC Clearface Regular

Tight, Not Touching ITC Clearface Regular

Project: Typographic Self-Portrait ITC Fenice

Measuring Type/Leading/Kerning/Ligatures--Review ITC Fenice

Chapter 9 Five Historic Families of Type

146-153

(7)

Introduction ITC Garamond Light

Old Style Faces ITC Garamond Light

Transitional Style Faces ITC New Baskerville

Modern Style Fonts Bodoni

Egyptian Style Fonts ITC Lubalin Graph Book

Sans Serif Style Fonts Gill Sans Regular

Decorative & Display Style Faces ITC Korinna

Project: Creating a Typeface ITC Garamond Light

Five Historic Families of Type--Review ITC Garamond Light

Chapter 10 Optical Adjustments to Typefaces

154-163

(9)

Introduction Goudy Oldstyle

Why Horizontal Lines Appear Thicker Goudy Oldstyle

Designing a Typeface Goudy Oldstyle

Optically Correct Circles, Triangles, Squares Goudy Oldstyle

Joined Strokes in Type Goudy Oldstyle

Designing Different Weights of a Face Goudy Oldstyle

Designing Type for Use at Different Sizes Goudy Oldstyle

Designing Italic Fonts Goudy Oldstyle

Lining vs. Old Style Figures Janson Text

Designing Condensed Fonts Janson Text

Designing Extended Fonts Janson Text

Designing Caps and Small Caps Janson Text

Project: Typographic Celebration Cards ITC Fenice Light

Optical Adjustments to Typefaces--Review ITC Fenice Light

Chapter 11 Typeface/Font/Family of Type

164-169

(5)

Introduction Eurostile

Distinguishing a Typeface from a Font Eurostile

The Family of Type Eurostile

Designing with Two Families of Type Eurostile

A Typestyle vs. a Typeface Eurostile

Superscripts, Subscripts, Old Style & Lining Figures Eurostile

The Univers Family Eurostile

Project: Personal Typographic Symbol Eurostile

Typeface/Font/Family of Type--Review Eurostile

Chapter 12 Readability & Legibility

170-176

(6)

Introduction Friz Quadrata

Legibility Considerations/Font Design Friz Quadrata

Readability & Text Type Eras Medium

Letter Spacing and Its Effect on Readability Eras Medium

Leading, Line Length and Readability Eras Medium

Readability and Eye-Focusing Eras Medium

Leading in Relation to Line Length Eras Medium

How the Setting of Text Affects Readability Eras Medium

Columns of Type and Readability Eras Medium

Project: Exhibit Poster & Invitation ITC Fenice Light

Readability & Legibility--Review ITC Fenice Light

Chapter 13 Matching Type with Message

177-182

(5)

Introduction ITC Panache

Considerations When Choosing a Font ITC Panache

Type Personalities ITC Panache

Getting to Know a Few Fonts Well ITC Panache

Type Denotation & Connotation Sabon Roman

The Resonance of a Font Sabon Roman

Project: Designing a Typographic Book Cover ITC Fenice Light

Matching Type with Message--Review ITC Fenice Light

Chapter 14 Type Specification & Proofreading

183-192

(9)

Introduction Lucida

Writing up the Type Specifications Lucida

How to Spec Type Lucida

Copy Fitting Trump Medieval Roman

The Guide to Copy Fitting Trump Medieval Roman

Proofreader's Marks Univers Condensed 47

Project: Type-Specimen Poster ITC Fenice Light

Type Specification and Proofreading--Review ITC Fenice Light

Chapter 15 Typographic Hierarchy

193-204

(11)

Introduction Kabel Book

Running Headers & Footers Kabel Book

Text Type Kabel Book

Enhancing Body Copy with Initial Capitals Kabel Book

Limiting the Fonts in a Publication Kabel Book

Dingbats and Decorative Flourishes Kabel Book

Tabular Material & Runovers Officina Sans

Tables and Forms, Lines and Leading Officina Sans

Callouts Officina Sans

Captions Officina Sans

Author Bylines Officina Sans

Photo/Illustration Credits Officina Sans

Initial Capitals Officina Sans

Folios/Page Numbers Officina Sans

Pull Quotes Officina Sans

Sidebars Copperplate 29 AB

Headlines & Subheads Copperplate 29 AB

Typographic Hierarchy on a Two-Page Spread Copperplate 29 AB

Typographic Hierarchy in Summary Copperplate 29 AB

Project: Oxymoron Poster Copperplate 29 AB

Typographic Hierarchy--Review Copperplate 29 AB

Chapter 16 Using Type Creatively

205-218

(13)

Introduction ITC Stone Sans

Contrasting Faces, Varying Structure ITC Stone Sans

Vary Weights ITC Tiffany

Reversal of Characters ITC Tiffany

Vary Leading-Rhythm ITC Tiffany

Vary Leading-White Space ITC Tiffany

Replacing a Letter with an Image ITC Tiffany

Use of Rules, Dingbats & Directionals Athens

Break from Perpendicular Layout Athens

White Space Used Effectively Athens

Vary Size of Type Greatly Athens

Use of Screened Type or Elements Athens

Shaped Text Type Athens

Active Type Athens

Expressive Type Weiss

Integrate Type into Image or Image into Type Weiss

Large Letterform of Image Weiss

Abstracted Letterforms Weiss

Textured Type Weiss

Untraditional Layout Shape or Format Size Weiss

Vary Lines, Not Only Place Horizontally Weiss

Hand-Rendered Type ITC Souvenir Light

Type as Illustration ITC Souvenir Light

Drop Shadow & Outline Fonts ITC Souvenir Light

Fitting Type to Layout Shape ITC Souvenir Light

Project: Creating a Restaurant Identity ITC Fenice Light

Using Type Creatively--Review ITC Fenice Light

Chapter 17 Type in Black, White & Gray

219-232

(13)

Introduction Matrix Book

Black, White and Gray Matrix Book

Contrast of Tone Matrix Book

Warm and Cool Colors Matrix Book

Type Color and Readability Matrix Book

Color and Value Matrix Book

Vibrating Complementary Colors Matrix Book

Fundamentals of Color Matrix Book

Color Properties Matrix Book

Color-Wheel Combinations Walbaum Book

Color Planning in Design Walbaum Book

Color Symbolism Throughout Time Walbaum Book

Color Associations Walbaum Book

Color and Status Univers Light Condensed

Using Color in Design Univers Light Condensed

Color Projections Univers Light Condensed

Utilizing Warm Colors Univers Light Condensed

Harmony of Color Univers Condensed 47

Type in Boxes & Bars Univers Condensed 47

Project: Typographic Postcards ITC Fenice Light

Type in Black, White & Gray--Review ITC Fenice Light

Chapter 18 Unique Considerations of Text Type

233-247

(14)

Introduction New Caledonia

Leading Considerations for Reading Centennial Light

Increased Legibility with Upper- & Lowercase Centennial Light

Creative Uses of Leading/White Space Centennial Light

Refinements in Text Copy: Single Spaces After Periods Futura Light

Hyphens, Short Dashes, & Long Dashes Futura Light

Setting AM and PM in Small Caps in Text Futura Light

Prime Marks vs. Curly Quotes Futura Light

The Ellipsis... vs. Three Periods with Spaces... Futura Light

Tips on Using Bullets Correctly Futura Light

Subhead Spacing in Text & Paragraph Indents Futura Light

Hard and Soft Returns Futura Light

Emphasis in Text Copy Futura Light

Text-Type Alignment and Column Width Avant Garde Book

Setting Text Type Solid Avant Garde Book

Spacing Text Type/Tracking Americana

Avoiding Widows at the End of Paragraphs Americana

Avoiding Orphans in Columns and Over Page Breaks Americana

Ornaments: Dingbats, Flourishes, Fillets & Fleurons Belwe

Project: PSA One-Color Typographic-Ad Series ITC Fenice Light

Unique Considerations of Text Type--Review ITC Fenice Light

Chapter 19 The Grid Structure

248-255

(7)

Introduction New Century Schoolbook

Grids in Editorial Design New Century Schoolbook

Facing-vs. Nonfacing-Page Grids and Margins New Century Schoolbook

Determining the Margins New Century Schoolbook

Head Space & Foot Space New Century Schoolbook

Using the Grid for Organization and Consistency News Gothic

Clotheslining Body Copy News Gothic

Horizontal Grid Lines for Consistency News Gothic

White Space and Grids News Gothic

Varying the Grid News Gothic

Final Grid Considerations News Gothic

Project: Two-Page Celebrity Spread ITC Fenice Light

The Grid Structure--Review ITC Fenice Light

Chapter 20 Computers & Typography

256-269

(13)

Introduction Equinox

The Horse & Wagon Model of a Computer Equinox

Applications and Documents Equinox

Launching Software Equinox

Computer Folders Equinox

Fonts on the Computer Equinox

Screen Fonts Equinox

Printer Fonts Elektrix Light

Placing Fonts within the System Folder Elektrix Light

The Efficiency of a Font Family Elektrix Light

Encapsulated PostScript or EPS Elektrix Light

Networks Elektrix Light

Troubleshooting Network Problems Elektrix Light

The Chooser, Page-Setup & Printer Drivers Geneva

AppleTalk and the Print Monitor Geneva

Starting the Print Cycle: "Print" Dialogue Box Geneva

Print Monitor: A Great Background Spooler Geneva

Crop Marks, Bleeds & Registration Marks Benguiat

Automatic & Manual Tiling Benguiat

Font Suppliers Benguiat

True Type(TM) vs. PostScript(TM) Fonts Benguiat

Curly Quotes Bellevue

Adobe Type Manager(TM) and Adobe Type Reunion(TM) Bellevue

Printer Errors & Unlimited Downloadable Fonts Bellevue

Outline Fonts vs. Multiple Master Fonts Bellevue

Computers & Typography--Review Bellevue

Chapter 21 Type Samples

270-345

(75)

Glossary

346-353

(7)

Image Acknowledgements & Credits

354-356

(2)

Bibliography

357-358

(1)

Index

359-371

(12)

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A Typographic Workbook: A Primer to History, Techniques, and Artistry

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials