Understanding Community Penalties : Probation, Policy and Social Change

* What are community sentences for?* How has the theory and practice of community supervision developed?* What kind of impact has research evidence had on policy and practice?* Can community sentencing help offenders and protect the public at the same time?Understanding Community Penalties provides a concise and critical understanding of community sentences in relation to policy, practice and research. Coverage of these three contexts is a distinguishing feature of the book, which takes a comprehensive approach informed by the authors' long involvement in this field. It begins by examining the role and function of community sentences, and how they challenge the framework of thinking about punishment in the criminal justice system. The book then traces the historical development of the theory and practice of community supervision, and shows what impact the first wave of research into its effectiveness has had on policy and practice. In the context of the penal crisis in recent years and the construction of crime as a political issue, a critical assessment is made by the authors of the achievements of, and problems facing, community sentencing, and they address the questions facing sentencers, politicians, policy makers and practitioners. In particular, they consider whether current organizational structures and divisions are appropriate for the purposes of punishing and helping in the community those who offend. In all, this authoritative text will be essential reading for students of criminology and criminal justice, and an invaluable reference for researchers and practitioners in the criminal justice system.

Professor Peter Raynor is the author of Social Work, Justice and Control which was one of the most widely used general texts on Probation of the 1980s, and of Probation as an Alternative to Custody which was one of the first UK studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of probation programmes. He is professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice in the School of International Development and Social Science at the University of Wales, Swansea.

Dr Maurice Vanstone is the co-author of Betrayal of Trust, a widely discussed study of professionals who abuse children, and co-author of Beyond Offending Behaviour. During a long career in the Probation Service he directed an experimental day centre and also managed an area research programme. He is now senior lecturer in Criminology and Criminal Justice in the School of International Development and Social Science at the University of Wales, Swansea.