- ISBN: 9780205209521 | 0205209521
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 9/19/2011
This market-leading text for grammar courses is a comprehensive description of sentence structure that encourages students to recognize and use their innate language expertise as they study the systematic nature of sentence grammar. A practical blend of the most useful elements of both traditional and new linguistic grammar, the text emphasizes whole structures, most specifically the ten basic sentence patterns introduced in Chapter 3. Two key features separate this book from others: its clear organization and its user-friendly, accessible language. Both students and teachers appreciate the self-teaching quality that incremental exercises provide throughout the chapters, with answers at the end of the book.
All chapters have Chapter Previews.
Preface
Part I
Introduction
1. The Study of Grammar: An Overview
English: A World Language
Three Definitions of Grammar
Traditional School Grammar
Modern Linguistics
Structural Grammar
Transformational Grammar
The Issue of Correctness
Language Variety
Language Change
Language in the Classroom
Key Terms
Further Reading
Part II: The Grammar of Basic Sentences
All chapters in Part II have Key Terms, Sentences for Practice, Questions for Discussion, and Classroom Applications
2. Words and Phrases
Form Classes
Nouns and Verbs
The Noun Phrase
The Verb Phrase
NP + VP = S
Adjectives and Adverbs
Prepositional Phrases
The Structure Classes
3. Sentence Patterns
Subjects and Predicates
The Sentence Slots
The Be Patterns
The Linking Verb Patterns
The Optional Slots
The Intransitive Verb Pattern
Exceptions to the Intransitive Pattern
Intransitive Phrasal Verbs
The Transitive Verb Patterns
Transitive Phrasal Verbs
The Indirect Object Pattern
The Object Complement Patterns
Compound Structures
Exceptions to the Ten Sentence Patterns
Sentence Types
Interrogative Sentences (Questions)
Imperative Sentences (Commands)
Exclamatory Sentences
Punctuation and the Sentence Patterns
Diagramming the Sentence Patterns
Notes on the Diagrams
The Main Line
The Noun Phrase
The Verb Phrase
The Prepositional Phrase
Compound Structures
Punctuation
4. Expanding the Main Verb
The Five Verb Forms
The Irregular Be
Auxiliary–Verb Combinations
The Modal Auxiliaries
The “Future Tense”
The Subjunctive Mood
Tense and Aspect
Using the Verb Forms
Exceptions to the Verb=Expansion Rule
The Stand-In Auxiliary Do
The Verb System of African American Vernacular English
5. Changing Sentence Focus
The Passive Voice
The Passive Get
The Transitive-Passive Relationship
Patterns VIII to X in Passive Voice
Changing Passive Voice to Active Voice
The Passive Voice in Prose
Other Passive Purposes
The There Transformation
Cleft Sentences
Part III: Expanding the Sentence
All chapters in Part III have Key Terms, Sentences for Practice, Questions for Discussion, and Classroom Applications
Form and Function
6. Modifiers of the Verb: Adverbials
The Moveable Adverbials
Adverbs
Prepositional Phrases
Nouns and Noun Phrases
Verb Phrases
Dangling Infinitives
Participles as Adverbials
Clauses
Punctuation of Adverbials
7. Modifers of the Noun: Adjectivals
The Determiner
Adjectives and Nouns
Prenoun participles
Prepositional Phrases
Relative Clauses
Participial Phrases
Passive Participles
Movable Participles
The Participle as Object Complement
Participles as Adjectivals or Adverbials
Punctuation of Clauses and Participles
Multiple Modifiers
Other Postnoun Modifiers
Infinitives
Noun Phrases
Adjectives
Adverbs
8. The Noun Phrase Functions: Nominals
The Nominal Slots
Appositives
Punctuation of Appositives
Noun Phrase Substitutes
Gerunds
The Pattern of the Gerund
The Subject of the Gerund
Dangling Gerunds
Infinitives
The Subject of the Infinitive
Nominal Clauses
The Expletive That
Interrogatives
Yes/No Interrogatives
Punctuation of Nominal Clauses
Nominals as Delayed Subjects
9. Sentence Modifiers
Nouns of Direct Address: The Vocatives
Interjections
Subordinate Clauses
Punctuation of Subordinate Clauses
Elliptical Clauses
Absolute Phrases
Appositives
Relative Clauses
10. Coordination
Coordination within the Sentence
Punctuation
Elliptical Coordinate Structures
Subject–Verb Agreement
Parallel Structure
Coordinating Complete Sentences
Conjunctions
Semicolons
Colons
Diagramming the Compound Sentence
Part IV: Words and Word Classes
All chapters in Part IV have Key Terms, Questions for Discussion, and Classroom Applications
11. Morphemes
Bases and Affixes
Bound and Free Morphemes
Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes
Allomorphs
Homonyms
Compound Words
12. The Form Classes
Nouns
Noun Derivational Suffixes
Noun Inflectional Suffixes
The Meaning of the Possessive Case
Irregular Plural Inflections
Plural-Only Forms
Collective Nouns
Semantic Features of Nouns
Verbs
Verb Derivational Affixes
Verb Inflectional Suffixes
Adjectives
Adjective Derivational Suffixes
Adjective Inflectional Suffixes
Subclasses of Adjectives
Adverbs
Adverb Derivational Suffixes
Adverb Inflectional Suffixes
13. The Structure Classes
Determiners
The Expanded Determiner
Auxiliaries
Qualifiers
Prepositions
Simple Prepositions
Phrasal Prepositions
Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions
Correlative Conjunctions
Conjunctive Adverbs (Adverbial Conjunctions)
Subordinating Conjunctions
Interrogatives
Expletives
There
That
Or
As
If and Whether (or not)
Particles
14. Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Case
The Missing Pronoun
Reflexive Pronouns
Intensive Pronouns
Reciprocal Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns
Relative Pronouns
Interrogative Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns
Part V: Grammar for Writers
15. Rhetorical Grammar
Sentence Patterns
Basic Sentences
Cohesion
Sentence Rhythm
End Focus
Focusing Tools
Choosing Verbs
The Overuse of Be
The Linking Be and Metaphor
The Passive Voice
The Abstract Subject
Who Is Doing What?
The Shifting Adverbials
The Adverbial Clause
The Adverbs of Emphasis
The Common Only
Metadiscourse
Style
Word Order Variation
Ellipsis
The Coordinate Series
The Introductory Appositive Series
The Deliberate Sentence Fragment
Repetition
Antithesis
Using Gender Appropriately
Key Terms
16. Purposeful Punctuation
Making Connections
Compounding Sentences
Compounding Structures within Sentences
Connecting More Than Two Parts: The Series
Separating Prenoun Modifiers
Identifying Essential and Nonessential
Structures
Signaling Sentence Openers
Signaling Emphasis
Using Apostrophes for Contraction and Possessive Case
Part VI
Glossary of Grammatical Terms
Appendix on Sentence Diagramming
Answers to the Exercises
Index
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