Understanding Ethnic Conflict

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ISBN: 9780205742301 | 0205742300
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 7/31/2009

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Understanding Ethnic Conflictprovides all the key concepts needed to understand conflict among ethnic groups. Including approaches from both comparative politics and international relations, this text offers a model of ethnic conflictrs"s internationalization by showing how domestic and international actors influence a countryrs"s ethnic and sectarian divisions. Illustrating this model in five original case studies, the unique combination of theory and application inUnderstanding Ethnic Conflictfacilitates more critical analysis of contemporary ethnic conflicts and the worldrs"s response to them.

Preface	p. xi
Ethnic Conflict and International Politics: A Conceptual Framework
Ethnic Conflict on the World Stage	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Definitions	p. 1
How Is Ethnic Identity Formed?	p. 3
Why Does Ethnic Conflict Occur?	p. 6
The First Wave: Modernization, Nationalism, and Ethnic Conflict	p. 6
The Second Wave: Multiethnic States and Democratic Instability	p. 10
The Third Wave: Resource Competition and Ethnic Nationalism	p. 13
The Fourth Wave: Theories of Ethnic Conflict in the Post-Cold War Era	p. 13
Goals of Ethnic Political Movements	p. 24
Conclusion	p. 25
Ethnic Conflict and International Norms	p. 34
Introduction	p. 34
International Norms Affecting Ethno-Secession	p. 34
The Doctrine of Sovereignty	p. 36
The Principle of National Self-Determination	p. 41
The Moral Case for Secession	p. 47
The Emerging Global Regime of Ethnic Minorities	p. 56
Conclusion	p. 58
Ethnic Conflict and International Security	p. 63
Introduction	p. 63
Complex Humanitarian Emergencies	p. 64
IDPs and Refugees	p. 65
Torture, Abuse, and Mass Rape	p. 66
Child Soldiers	p. 67
State Failure and Collapse	p. 68
Ethno-terrorism	p. 69
Guns-for-Drugs Syndrome	p. 70
Partisan Intervention and Counterintervention in Ethnic Conflicts	p. 71
The Staying Power of Ethnic Insurgency Movements	p. 78
Conclusion	p. 79
Resolving Ethnic Conflicts Through International Intervention	p. 85
Why Resolving Ethnic Conflicts Is Important	p. 85
Ethnic Conflict Resolution by International Third Parties	p. 86
Peace Keeping	p. 86
Peace Making	p. 87
Peace Building	p. 90
Ethnic Conflict Resolution by the United Nations	p. 91
The United Nations as a Peace Keeper	p. 92
The United Nations as a Peace Maker	p. 95
The United Nations as a Peace Builder	p. 98
States as Third Parties in Ethnic Conflict Resolution	p. 101
Major Powers and Ethnic Conflict Resolution	p. 102
Ethnic Conflict Resolution by Third-World Regional Powers	p. 103
Regional Organizations as Third Parties in Ethnic Conflict Resolution	p. 105
International Nongovernmental Organizations as Third Parties In Ethnic Conflict Resolution	p. 107
Conclusion	p. 108
Case Studies
Nationalism and the Collapse of Empire: The Russian-Chechen Conflict	p. 115
The Disintegration of Empires	p. 115
Why Did Ethnic Conflict Occur?	p. 118
Soviet Imperialism and Great Russian Nationalism	p. 118
Democratization as a Source of Ethnic Conflict	p. 121
The Conflict of Identities	p. 122
Box 5.1 Theorizing the Linkage Between the Soviet Internationalism Versus Russian Nationalism Conflict and its International Dimension	p. 124
Nationalist Mobilization in Post-Soviet Russia	p. 124
The Core Ideas of Russian Nationalism	p. 126
Russian Nationalists Resurgent	p. 127
Russia's New Minorities	p. 129
Russia and Chechnya	p. 130
Chechen Ethno-secessionism	p. 133
International Reaction	p. 135
Noninternationalization of the Chechen Conflict	p. 137
Box 5.2 Theorizing the Linkage Between the Russian Nationalism Versus Chechen Ethno-secessionism Conflict and Its International Dimension	p. 139
The Internationalization of Ethnic Conflict in Georgia	p. 141
Box 5.3 Theorizing the Linkage Between the Georgian-Versus-Minorities Conflict and Its International Dimension	p. 142
Box 5.4 Theorizing the Linkage Between the Georgia-Versus-Russia Nationalist Conflict and Its International Dimension	p. 144
Conclusion	p. 145
Separatist Movements in Constitutional Democracies: Canada and Quebec Nationalism	p. 150
Introduction	p. 150
Why Is There Conflict? Sources of Quebec Nationalism	p. 151
British Colonization	p. 152
Confederation	p. 154
Economic Stagnation	p. 154
Conscription Crises	p. 155
Disputed Borders	p. 155
Society in Transformation	p. 156
The Quiet Revolution	p. 156
Quebec's Exclusion from the Canadian Constitution	p. 158
The Failure to Bring Quebec Back In	p. 159
The Growth of the Sovereignty Movement	p. 161
The Canadian Supreme Court on Secession	p. 163
Why Peaceful Secession Is Rare	p. 166
International Reaction	p. 168
Can a Constitutional Dispute Be Internationalized?	p. 169
Is External Mediation Necessary in Canada?	p. 171
Box 6.1 Theorizing the Linkage Between Ethno-secessionism in Quebec and Its International Dimension	p. 172
Intractable Ethnic War?: The Tamil-Sinhalese Conflict In Sri Lanka	p. 177
Introduction	p. 177
Why Did Ethnic Conflict Occur in Sri Lanka?	p. 177
Internationalization of the Ethnic Civil War	p. 183
India's Attempt at Conflict Resolution	p. 184
The Ethnic Civil War in the 1990s	p. 189
The Norway-Facilitated Peace Process	p. 190
Peace Negotiations	p. 193
Suspension of Peace Talks	p. 195
Political Turmoil and Its Impact on Peace Talks	p. 196
Tsunami Disaster and the Dispute over Relief and Reconstruction	p. 198
Endgame: Back to War and the LTTE's Destruction	p. 199
Box 7.1 Theorizing the Linkage Between the Tamil-Sinhalese Conflict in Sri Lanka and Its International Dimension	p. 201
Conclusion	p. 202
Weak States and Ethnic Conflict: State Collapes and Reconstruction in Africa	p. 210
Introduction	p. 210
Weak States	p. 211
Weak States, Politicized Identities in Central Africa	p. 213
The Colonial Legacy and Hutu-Tutsi Rivalry	p. 213
International Involvement in Rwanda and Burundi	p. 215
Box 8.1 Theorizing the Linkage Between Ethnic Conflicts and Outside Involvement in Rwanda	p. 217
World War in the Democratic Republic of Congo	p. 218
The Ethnic-Foreign Nexus in Eastern Congo	p. 221
International Mediation in the Congo Conflict	p. 225
Box 8.2 Theorizing the Linkage Between Ethnic Conflicts and Outside Involvement in Congo	p. 226
The Darfur Conflict: A Clash of Civilizations?	p. 226
The Ethno-religious Dimension: Muslim Arabs Versus Animist Africans	p. 228
Outside Actors in Sudan	p. 231
Box 8.3 Theorizing the Linkage Between Ethnic Conflicts and Outside Involvement in Sudan	p. 233
Keeping the State Strong: South Africa	p. 233
Transition from Apartheid	p. 234
Ethnicity, State Building, and the International System	p. 237
Box 8.4 Theorizing the Linkage Between Ethnic Diversity and Outside Interest in South Africa	p. 237
Conclusion	p. 239
Western Military Intervention and Ethno-Religious Conflicts: Iraq, Afghanistan, and Former Yugoslavia	p. 243
Introduction	p. 243
The U.S. Occupation of Iraq	p. 245
Toppling a Dictator, Creating a Weak State	p. 247
The Domestic and International Impact of Ethno-sectarian Cleavages	p. 251
Box 9.1 Theorizing the Linkage Between Ethnic Conflicts and Outside Involvement in Iraq	p. 255
Expanding Afghanistan's Wars Through Intervention	p. 255
Ethnicity, Warlords, and Internal Conflict	p. 257
International Intervention, Renewed Contact	p. 260
Box 9.2 Theorizing the Linkage Between Ethnic Conflicts and Outside Involvement in Afghanistan	p. 263
Wars in Disintegrating Yugoslavia	p. 264
International Responses in Bosnia and Kosovo	p. 269
Third-Party Mediation and Peace Keeping	p. 272
Box 9.3 Theorizing the Linkage Between Ethnic Conflicts and Outside Involvement in Bosnia and Kosovo	p. 275
Conclusion	p. 276
Conclusion
To Intervene or Not to Intervene?	p. 281
Studying Post-Cold War Policy Making	p. 281
Rationales for Intervention	p. 283
Promoting Liberal Internationalism	p. 283
Preempting Security Threats	p. 284
Prosecuting a Just War	p. 285
Promoting Functional Integration	p. 287
Conclusion	p. 288
Selected Bibliography	p. 290
Glossary	p. 299
Index	p. 309
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Understanding Ethnic Conflict

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