Understanding Human Behavior

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ISBN: 9781401825713 | 1401825710
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 3/19/2004

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This text is designed to present basic psychological concepts in a format appropriate for all allied health learners. The book provides numerous examples and activities that help learners understand the behavior of others. It also includes exercises to encourage learners to study their own behavior.

Preface

SECTION I ON BECOMING A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER

(48)

Unit 1 Challenges and Responsibilities of Health Care Providers

(22)

Satisfactions

(1)

Challenges

(2)

Responsibilities

(2)

Achievement as Progress

(3)

Attitudes and Interest

(1)

Empowerment

(2)

Making a Decision

(10)

Unit 2 The Philosophy of Individual Worth

(12)

Meaning of Individual Worth

(1)

The Health Care Provider and Cultural Bias

(3)

Implications for Health Care Providers

(1)

Practicing a Philosophy of Individual Worth

(6)

Unit 3 Striving for Self-Understanding

(13)

You, the Student

(2)

Taking a New Look at Yourself

(3)

You, a Person with Several Life Roles

(2)

Guidelines for Growth

(6)

SECTION II STRIVING TO UNDERSTAND HUMAN BEHAVIOR

(124)

Unit 4 Influences on Behavior

(22)

How People Are Alike

(1)

How People Are Different

(1)

Heredity

(3)

The Developmental Process

(2)

Environment

(3)

Influences on Development during Childhood

(3)

Changing Influences during Life

(3)

Assuming Responsibility for Behavior

(1)

The Health Care Provider and the Patient

(6)

Unit 5 Physical Needs

(13)

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

(1)

Essential Physical Needs

(3)

The Sleep Cycle

(2)

Satisfaction of Physical Needs

(1)

Comfort and Safety Needs

(1)

Physical Needs and Behavior

(1)

Understanding Behavior in Terms of Physical Needs

(5)

Unit 6 The Need for Self-Approval

(21)

Social Needs of People

(2)

The Self-Concept

(4)

Self-Esteem

(1)

Influence of Others on One's Sense of Self

(3)

Effects of Success and Failure

(3)

Success

(2)

Striving for Self-Approval

100

(6)

Unit 7 The Need for Acceptance

106

(14)

The Importance of Acceptance

107

(1)

The Importance of Approval from Others

108

(2)

Conformity

110

(2)

The Need to Believe That Others Care

112

(1)

The Need for Appreciation

113

(2)

Gender Differences in Emotional Needs

115

(1)

Social Needs and Behavior

116

(1)

Behavior and the Health Care Provider

116

(4)

Unit 8 Emotions and Behavior

120

(34)

Meaning of Emotions

121

(1)

Importance of Emotions

122

(1)

Physiological Effects of Emotions

122

(2)

Stress

124

(3)

Positive Emotions

127

(3)

Negative Emotions

130

(4)

Formation of Emotional Patterns

134

(2)

Individual Differences in Emotional Patterns

136

(2)

Using Emotions Constructively

138

(6)

Emotions and Behavior

144

(10)

Unit 9 Adjustment and Patterns of Behavior

154

(19)

Good Adjustment

155

(1)

Poor Adjustment

155

(1)

Effective Behavior versus Ineffective Behavior

155

(2)

Emotions and Adjustment

157

(2)

Daily Hassles

159

(3)

Improving Adjustment

162

(11)

SECTION III BEHAVIOR AND PROBLEMS IN LIVING

173

(116)

Unit 10 Common Threats to Adjustment

174

(23)

Change as a Threat to Adjustment

175

(1)

Life Stages and Change

175

(4)

Social and Cultural Stessors

179

(5)

Major Changes

184

(4)

Chronic Stressors

188

(4)

Coping Skills and Resilience

192

(5)

Unit 11 Effects of Traumatic Events

197

(29)

What Is Trauma?

198

(1)

Traumatic Experiences

198

(11)

Domestic Violence

209

(7)

Reactions to Trauma

216

(4)

The Survivor Role

220

(1)

The Challenge

220

(6)

Unit 12 Defense Mechanisms

226

(29)

The Purpose of Defense Mechanisms

227

(1)

Rationalization

228

(1)

Projection

229

(2)

Displacement

231

(1)

Daydreaming

232

(2)

Escape into Illness

234

(2)

Repression

236

(1)

Withdrawal

237

(1)

Substance Dependency

238

(8)

Codependency

246

(1)

Defense Mechanisms and Adjustment

247

(8)

Unit 13 Inner Conflict

255

(16)

The Meaning of Inner Conflict

255

(3)

Types of Inner Conflict

258

(2)

How to Deal with Inner Conflict

260

(3)

Inner Conflict and Adjustment

263

(2)

Inner Conflict and the Health Care Provider

265

(1)

Inner Conflict and the Patient

265

(1)

Using Knowledge about Inner Conflict

266

(5)

Unit 14 Frustration

271

(18)

Degrees of Frustration

272

(1)

Cumulative Effects of Frustration

272

(1)

Sources of Frustration

273

(4)

Effects of Frustration

277

(1)

Frustration and Behavior Patterns

278

(2)

Perfectionism and Frustration

280

(1)

Coping with Frustration

281

(8)

SECTION IV BECOMING AN EFFECTIVE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER

289

(54)

Unit 15 Effects of Illness on Behavior

290

(17)

Physical Effects of Illness

291

(1)

Emotional Effects of Illness

291

(1)

General Effects of Serious Illness

292

(1)

Influences on Patients' Reactions to Illness

293

(5)

The Challenge for Health Care Providers

298

(9)

Unit 16 Coping with Patient Behavior

307

(21)

General Guidelines

308

(7)

Common Behavior Patterns of Patients

315

(13)

Unit 17 Human Relations and the Health Care Provider

328

(15)

Helping Patients Adjust to Illness

329

(4)

Becoming a Member of the Health Team

333

(5)

Practicing Effective Patient Relations

338

(1)

The Challenge

339

(4)

SECTION V PRACTICING EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

343

(26)

Unit 18 Observing Nonverbal Behavior

344

(12)

Observing and Interpreting Nonverbal Behavior

345

(4)

Setting the Stage for Practicing Interpersonal Skills

349

(1)

Exercise I: Observing Nonverbal Behavior

350

(1)

Exercise II: Observing and Interpreting Nonverbal Behavior

351

(5)

Unit 19 Verbal Communication

356

(13)

Ambiguity

358

(1)

Discrepancies in a Message

358

(2)

Tone

360

(1)

Effective Listening

360

(1)

Assumptions and Expectations

360

(1)

Improving Communication Skills

361

(1)

Exercise III: Using Tone to Alter the Meaning of a Statement

362

(2)

Exercise IV: Expressing Ideas and Listening Effectively

364

(1)

Opinion Statements to Serve as a Basis for Discussion

365

(1)

Class Challenge

365

(4)

SECTION VI COPING WITH LOSS

369

(86)

Unit 20 Gains and Losses throughout the Life Span

370

(24)

Life Changes as Gains and Losses

370

(1)

Learning to Cope with Loss

371

(1)

Significance of Loss

372

(1)

Losses Due to Death

373

(2)

Suicide

375

(3)

Death of a Parent

378

(2)

Losses in Specific Periods of the Life Span

380

(6)

Striving for Readjustment Following Significant Loss

386

(1)

Guidelines for Using Loss and Grief as a Growth Experience

387

(7)

Unit 21 Death: Changing Attitudes and Practices

394

(25)

The Emergence of Thanatology

398

(1)

The Meaning of Death

398

(2)

Death with Dignity

400

(1)

Euthanasia

400

(3)

Societal Issues Related to Care of the Dying

403

(3)

Legal Aspects of the Right to Die

406

(4)

A Dilemma for Health Care Providers

410

(3)

Summary

413

(6)

Unit 22 Grief and Bereavement

419

(17)

Reactions to Loss and Bereavement

420

(1)

Effects of Grief

421

(1)

Importance of the Grief Process

422

(1)

Influences on the Grief Process

423

(4)

Grief Work

427

(2)

Roles of Health Care Providers

429

(1)

Guidelines for Assisting the Family of a Dying Patient

429

(7)

Unit 23 Caring for the Dying Person

436

(19)

Reactions to Diagnosis of a Terminal Illness

436

(1)

Stages of Dying

437

(2)

Dying as a Growth Process

439

(3)

Personal and Family Issues Related to Care of the Dying

442

(1)

Palliative Care

443

(1)

Medical Issues Related to Care of the Dying

444

(2)

Issues Related to Rights of the Dying Person

446

(2)

Roles of Health Care Providers

448

(1)

Guidelines for Care of a Dying Person

449

(6)

SECTION VII TRENDS IN HEALTH CARE

455

(114)

Unit 24 Health Care through the Ages

457

(33)

Definitions

458

(1)

Innovations in Science and Health Care

458

(3)

Healing in Early Civilizations

461

(2)

Evolution of Modern Health Care

463

(6)

Beginnings of Holistic Medicine

469

(1)

Innovators and Modern Medicine

470

(6)

The Health Care System-Today and Tomorrow

476

(2)

Scientific Study of Complementary Therapies

478

(1)

Issues in Health Care

479

(11)

Unit 25 What Is Healing? Who Is the Healer?

490

(20)

Placebo Effect

491

(1)

The Immune System-Protector and Defender of the Body

491

(1)

The Mind/Body Healing System

492

(2)

Who Gets Sick? Who Gets Well?

494

(1)

The Power of Love

495

(1)

Healing versus Curing

496

(1)

Intention

497

(1)

Who Survives?

497

(2)

The Holistic Approach to Health Care

499

(5)

Future Health Care Systems

504

(6)

Unit 26 Broadening Your View of Health Care

510

(37)

What Is Legitimate Therapy?

511

(2)

Holistic Medicine

513

(4)

Psychoneuroimmunology

517

(1)

Energy Medicine

518

(1)

Osteopathy

518

(1)

Chiropractic

519

(1)

Naturopathy

520

(1)

Psychotherapy/Counseling

521

(1)

Homeopathy

522

(2)

Traditional Chinese Medicine

524

(4)

Ayurvedic Medicine

528

(2)

Complementary Therapies

530

(1)

Healing Touch

530

(4)

Acupuncture

534

(1)

Acupressure and Shiatsu

534

(1)

Reflexology

535

(3)

Therapeutic Massage

538

(2)

The Self-Help Trend

540

(2)

Role of the Health Care Provider

542

(5)

Unit 27 Managing Stress with Relaxation/Meditation

547

(22)

Stress Management

548

(1)

Mind-Talk as a Source of Stress

548

(1)

Mindfulness

549

(1)

Relaxation and Meditation

549

(5)

Relaxation Techniques

554

(6)

Meditation Methods

560

(4)

Using Positive Affirmations

564

(1)

Conclusion

564

(5)

Glossary

569

(13)

Index

582

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Understanding Human Behavior

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials