Understanding Wood : A Craftsman's Guide to

In this essential reference for woodworkers, R. Bruce Hoadley explains everything from how trees grow to how best to cut, season, machine, join, bend, and finish wood. Why do miters open and glue joints loosen? How do you get a really sharp edge? Examples of problems and solutions help woodworkers puzzle through their own projects, while full-color photos and helpful tables illustrate key points.

R. Bruce Hoadley is professor of wood science and technology at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.

Preface

3

(1)

Foreword

4

(2)

PART ONE THE NATURE OF WOOD AND ITS PROPERTIES

The Nature of Wood

6

(18)

Growth rings

10

(1)

Grain

10

(1)

Sapwood and heartwood

11

(1)

Structural arrangement of growth rings and rays

12

(2)

Density and specific gravity

14

(2)

Systematic classification

16

(1)

Cellular structure

17

(1)

Softwoods

18

(2)

Hardwoods

20

(4)

Figure in Wood

24

(22)

Knots

32

(4)

Abnormal wood

36

(4)

Fungi

40

(4)

Insect damage

44

(2)

Wood Identification

46

(28)

What to look for

50

(2)

Physical properties

52

(1)

Identification techniques

52

(3)

Macrophotographs

55

(19)

Strength of Wood

74

(28)

Compression parallel to the grain

78

(2)

Compression perpendicular to the grain

80

(3)

Tension perpendicular to the grain

83

(1)

Tension parallel to the grain

84

(1)

Shear perpendicular to the grain

85

(1)

Shear parallel to the gain

85

(2)

Bending theory

87

(3)

The carrying capacity and stiffness of beams

90

(4)

Factors affecting strength properties

94

(5)

Compression failures and brashness

99

(1)

Structural grades

100

(2)

Other Properties of Wood

102

(8)

Thermal conductivity

103

(1)

Effect of temperature on wood

104

(1)

Burning of wood

104

(1)

Fluorescence

105

(2)

Psychological properties

107

(3)

Water and Wood

110

(22)

Free water and bound water

112

(1)

Equilibrium moisture content

112

(2)

Green vs. air-dried vs. kiln-dried

114

(2)

Dimensional change in wood

116

(2)

Estimating shrinkage and swelling

118

(5)

Uneven shrinkage and swelling

123

(9)

PART TWO BASICS OF WOOD TECHNOLOGY

Coping with Dimensional Change in Wood

132

(14)

Preshrinking

133

(1)

Control of moisture sorption

133

(1)

Mechanical restraint

134

(2)

Chemical stabilization

136

(3)

Design

139

(2)

Monitoring moisture

141

(4)

The moisture ``widget''

145

(1)

Drying Wood

146

(12)

How wood dries

148

(1)

The dry kiln

149

(2)

Drying your own wood

151

(5)

Storing lumber

156

(2)

Machining and Bending Wood

158

(22)

Machining wood

159

(18)

Bending solid wood

177

(3)

Joining Wood

180

(12)

The elements of joints

181

(2)

Basic types of joints

183

(1)

Worked joints

183

(5)

Fastened joints

188

(4)

Adhesive and Gluing

192

(6)

Adhesive joints

193

(1)

Gluing fundamentals

194

(4)

Finishing and Protecting Wood

198

(14)

Surface condition

199

(3)

No treatment

202

(3)

Coating treatments

205

(1)

Penetrating finishes

206

(1)

Combinations and compromise

207

(1)

Slowing moisture exchange

207

(2)

Evaluation of finished surfaces

209

(1)

Preservative treatment of wood

209

(3)

PART THREE THE WOODWORKER'S RAW MATERIALS

Lumber

212

(12)

Lumber measure

216

(2)

Lumber classification and grading

218

(6)

Veneer and Plywood

224

(10)

Plywood

229

(1)

Classes of plywood

230

(4)

Composite Panels

234

(6)

Particleboard

235

(1)

Wafer- and strand-based panels

236

(1)

Fiber-based panels

236

(4)

Engineer Wood

240

(6)

Finger-jointed lumber

241

(1)

Glulam

242

(1)

Structural composite lumber

243

(1)

I-joists

244

(2)

Finding Wood

246

(8)

Trees

247

(2)

Recycling used wood

249

(1)

Local sawmills

250

(1)

Lumberyards

251

(1)

The woodworkers' retail outlets

252

(1)

Industrial arts teachers

253

(1)

Magazines

253

(1)

Specialty woods

253

(1)

The Yellow Pages and other listings

253

(1)

Internet

253

(1)

Lumbermen

253

(1)

Afterword: Forests past and future

254

(3)

Appendix 1: Commercial names for lumber

257

(3)

Appendix 2: Finding the specific gravity of wood

260

(2)

Glossary

262

(10)

Bibliography

272

(3)

Index

275

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Understanding Wood : A Craftsman's Guide to Wood Technology

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials