Uniting Europe An Introduction to the European Union

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ISBN: 9780742536616 | 0742536610
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 8/3/2004

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In this timely and clearly written text, John Van Oudenaren traces how the original six-member common market evolved into the twenty-five-member European Union (EU) with its growing array of policy responsibilities. Providing an accessible overview of the

List of Tables

List of Boxes

xiii

List of Abbreviations

Chronology

xvii

Introduction: Peace, Prosperity, and the Challenges of European Integration

(28)

Beginnings: 1945--1949

(7)

The Marshall Plan

The Brussels Treaty and the Council of Europe

The Atlantic Alliance

Two German States

The Community and the Union

(3)

Establishment

Ascendancy

The NATO Exception

Deepening and Widening

(8)

Size and Governance

Identity

The EU and Globalization

Objectives and Endpoints

Key Challenges

(4)

Institutions

Market Integration

Policy Integration

External Identity

Enlargement

EU-U.S. Relations

Europe and the Citizen

Theoretical Frameworks

(3)

Notes

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

(2)

Development: From Common Market to Constitution

(42)

The European Coal and Steel Community

(4)

The European Economic Community (EEC) and Euratom

(12)

Britain and the Founding of EFTA

Development of the Community in the 1960s

The Hague Summit

Institutional Developments in the 1970s

The European Monetary System

Relaunch in the 1980s

(6)

The Single Market

The Intergovernmental Conference

Institutional Reform

The Iberian Enlargement

Maastricht and the European Union

(9)

The Collapse of Communism

The Negotiations

The Pillar Structure

Other Reforms

Ratification and Beyond

Enlargement Again

Reform after Maastricht

(5)

The Treaty of Amsterdam

The Enlargement Negotiations

Policy Issues

The Treaty of Nice

Toward a European Constitution

(2)

Notes

(2)

Suggestions for Further Reading

(2)

The Institutions and Laws of the European Union

(48)

Major Institutions

(26)

The European Commission

The Council of Ministers

The European Council

The European Parliament

The European Court of Justice

Other EU Bodies

(6)

The Economic and Social Committee

The Committee of the Regions

The Court of Auditors

The European Investment Bank

The European Central Bank

Specialized Agencies

The Ongoing Role of the Member States

103

(2)

EU Law

105

(5)

Regulations, Directives, and Decisions

Key Principles

Law and the European Constitution

The Budget

110

(6)

Budgetary Procedure

Delors I and II

The 2000--2006 Budget Package

The 2007--2013 Budget Perspective

Conclusions

116

(1)

Notes

117

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

118

(1)

The Single Market: From Customs Union to 1992 and Beyond

119

(28)

The Customs Union

119

(2)

The Single Market Program

121

(2)

The 1985 White Paper

The Commission's Strategy

Implementing 1992

123

(9)

Goods

Services

Capital

Persons

Overall Results

The Single Market after 1992

132

(7)

Enforcement

The 1997 Action Plan

New Issues

Enlargement

The Lisbon Strategy and Beyond

139

(2)

Conclusion

141

(2)

Notes

143

(2)

Suggestions for Further Reading

145

(2)

Common Policies: A Mixed Picture

147

(50)

The Common Agricultural Policy

148

(10)

The Community and the CAP

Pressure for Reform

Agenda 2000 and the Berlin Package

Enlargement and the 2003 Reform

The Common Fisheries Policy

158

(2)

The Common Transport Policy

160

(3)

Trans-European Networks

163

(2)

Competition Policy

165

(5)

Mergers

State Aids

Environmental Policy

170

(5)

Policy Development

Environment and Enlargement

Kyoto and Global Warming

Research and Development

175

(2)

Regional Policy

177

(7)

Policy Development

The 2000--2006 Package

Enlargement

Effectiveness

Social Policy

184

(4)

Employment Policy

188

(3)

Other Policy Areas

191

(1)

Conclusions

191

(1)

Notes

192

(3)

Suggestions for Further Reading

195

(2)

Economic and Monetary Union: The Euro and the Eurosystem

197

(34)

Background

198

(3)

The European Monetary System

201

(5)

Europe Responds to the Dollar

Toward a Fixed Regime

Toward EMU

206

(6)

Delors Leads the Way

Economic Pros and Cons

The Maastricht Negotiations

The Crisis of 1992--1993

Stage 2 and Convergence

212

(7)

The Maastricht Criteria

The Stability and Growth Pact

The Birth of the Euro

EMU in Operation

219

(6)

Economic Policy

Monetary Policy

The Euro and the Future of European Integration

225

(2)

Notes

227

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

228

(3)

The Citizen's Europe: An Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice

231

(24)

The 1970s

232

(1)

The Trevi Group

The 1980s and the Single European Act

233

(5)

Citizenship Issues

Schengen and the Single Market

Immigration as a Policy Problem

Problems with Implementation

The Maastricht Treaty

238

(5)

EU Citizenship

The Third Pillar

Europol

The External Dimension

The Amsterdam Reforms

243

(2)

Racism and Xenophobia

245

(1)

The Tampere Summit

246

(1)

Enlargement

247

(2)

September 11 and the EU Constitution

249

(3)

Conclusions

252

(1)

Notes

253

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

254

(1)

Europe as a Global Actor: Trade and Finance

255

(40)

GATT and the Uruguay Round

257

(8)

Trade Liberalization and Market Access

Trade Rules

New Subjects

Dispute Settlement and Follow--On Negotiations

External Trade and the Internal Market

The Doha Round

265

(9)

The Battle in Seattle

The Anti-Globalization Movement

The Doha Ministerial

Cancun

Institutional Issues in the EU

Regional Trade Agreements

274

(13)

The EU's Near Abroad

The ACP Countries

Asia

Latin America

Multilateralism versus Regionalism

The International Implications of the Euro

287

(6)

The Euro and the Dollar

Institutional Issues

EMU and the Global Economy

Notes

293

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

294

(1)

Europe as a Global Actor: Foreign Policy and Defense

295

(42)

The Cold War Legacy

295

(3)

The Quest for a European Pillar

298

(7)

European Political Cooperation

Reform in the 1980s

CFSP

The Amsterdam Reforms

Defense in Europe

305

(10)

A European Force

The EU-NATO Nexus

Berlin and ``Berlin Plus''

Defense Industry

CFSP in Action

315

(16)

Stabilizing the Periphery

Other Regions and Global Issues

The EU as a Global Actor in the Twenty-first Century

331

(2)

Notes

333

(2)

Suggestions for Further Reading

335

(2)

Enlargement

337

(28)

The Collapse of Communism

337

(2)

Europe's Initial Response

339

(3)

Phare, the EBRD, and Early Discussion of Enlargement

The Europe Agreements

The Copenhagen Decisions

342

(1)

Meeting the Criteria

343

(2)

Pre-Accession Strategy

The Essen Decisions

The Accession Process

345

(4)

The Legal Base

Agenda 2000

The Luxembourg Decisions

Opening the Negotiations

349

(3)

The First Wave

Progress Reports and the Second Wave

Cyprus and Malta

352

(2)

Turkey

354

(2)

From Copenhagen to Copenhagen: Finalizing the Deal

356

(7)

Cyprus and Turkey

An Enlarged Union and a Wider Europe

Conclusion

363

(1)

Notes

363

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

364

(1)

The United States and the EU: Partners or Rivals?

365

(20)

Institutions

366

(3)

Economic Relations

369

(7)

Trade and Investment

Trade Disputes

Political and Security Issues

376

(4)

Areas of Cooperation

The Unilateralism Debate

Partnership versus Rivalry

Conclusions

380

(2)

Notes

382

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

383

(2)

Conclusion: The EU, the Citizen, and Europe's Place in the World

385

(8)

Notes

392

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

392

(1)

Index

393

(8)

About the Author

401

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Uniting Europe An Introduction to the European Union

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials