Updraft Downdraft Secondary Schools In the

Ever wonder why there is such a big gap in the number of students who succeed in comparison to those who do not? The authors recognize this problem and offer suggestions on how to improve this phenomenon. This book provides a set of tools to assist schools and communities in reallocating their resources more effectively to help bridge the gap.

Marilyn Crawford is an educational consultant with the Education Trust, with international consulting firm Certain Knowledge, and with school leaders and districts across the country Eleanor Dougherty is a senior associate with the Education Trust, a nonprofit organization in Washington, D.C.

Prologue: Why Not?

vii

``Hammering on Cold Iron''

1

(10)

Updraft/Downdraft

11

(18)

What Are Artifacts and Why Use Them?

29

(10)

A High School Case Study

39

(22)

Analyzing Calendars, Student Schedules, and Master Schedules

61

(20)

How to Analyze Curriculum and Instruction

81

(16)

Creating Updraft for All---Bold, Bolder, Boldest!

97

(14)

Epilogue: Noah's Beauty

111

(14)

Bibliography

125

(4)

Appendix 1: Collecting Information

129

(2)

About the Authors

131

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Updraft Downdraft Secondary Schools In the Crosswinds of Reform

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials