Urban Habitats

Urban Habitatspresents an illustrated and practical guide to the wide range of British urban habitats and the flora and fauna which live within them, and examines the most important conservation and management issues presently being faced by the British government

C. Philip Wheater is Principal Lecturer in Ecology, Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University

List of plates

vii

List of figures

viii

List of tables

ix

List of species boxes

x

Acknowledgements

xi

Series introduction

xii

Introduction

1

(12)

Impacts of physical factors

4

(2)

Ecological aspects

6

(4)

Colonisation and establishment

6

(1)

Adaptations and characteristics

7

(3)

Geographical influences

10

(3)

The Ecology of Urban Habitats

13

(67)

Terrestrial urban habitats

13

(50)

Woods, trees and parklands

13

(6)

Parks, gardens and allotments

19

(9)

Playing fields, golf courses and other grasslands

28

(5)

Demolition sites

33

(5)

Industrial wasteland, spoil heaps, quarries and mines

38

(4)

Refuse tips

42

(4)

Road verges and railways

46

(5)

Walls, buildings and paved areas

51

(11)

Churchyards and cemeteries

62

(1)

Aquatic urban habitats

63

(17)

Marshes and reedbeds

64

(2)

Streams, rivers and canals

66

(2)

Ponds, lakes and reservoirs

68

(4)

Sand and gravel pits

72

(1)

Sewage works

73

(1)

Coastal features

74

(6)

Management and Conservation

80

(31)

Pollution

80

(8)

Heavy metals and woodlands

80

(2)

Lichens and sulphur dioxide pollution

82

(3)

Freshwaters and pollution

85

(3)

Noxious species

88

(11)

Noxious plants

88

(6)

Noxious animals

94

(1)

Managing noxious species

94

(5)

Habitat management

99

(12)

Ecological guidelines

99

(4)

Reclamation and restoration of derelict land

103

(3)

Strategies for nature conservation

106

(2)

Urban wildlife and city people

108

(3)

Case Studies

111

(19)

Reclaiming limestone quarry faces in Derbyshire

111

(3)

Ecological parks in London

114

(3)

Habitat initiatives in Merseyside

117

(4)

Landlife

117

(1)

Sutton Mill Dam

118

(2)

Mersey Community Forest

120

(1)

The Forth and Clyde Canal in Glasgow

121

(4)

A stormwater retention basin in the West Midlands

125

(2)

Coastal habitats in Cardiff

127

(3)

Practical Work

130

(17)

Experimental design

130

(1)

Health and safety

131

(1)

Distribution of pavement plants

132

(1)

Flora of urban wasteland

133

(3)

Distribution of tar-spot fungus on sycamore trees

136

(2)

Colonisation of stones by invertebrate animals

138

(2)

Distribution of grey squirrel dreys

140

(4)

Vigilance behaviour in mallards

144

(3)

Glossary

147

(3)

Species List

150

(13)

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Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials