Water Pollution Control: A Guide to the Use of Water Quality Management Principles

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ISBN: 9780419229100 | 0419229108
Cover: Nonspecific Binding
Copyright: 8/7/1998

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This is a handbook for policy makers and environmental managers in water authorities and engineering companies engaged in water quality programs, especially in developing countries. It is also suitable for use as a textbook or as training material for water quality management courses. It is a companion volume toWater Quality AssessmentandWater Quality Monitoring.

Foreword

Acknowledgements

xiii

Policy and Principles

(10)

Introduction

(1)

Policy framework

(2)

Guiding principles for water pollution control

(5)

Strategy formulation

(1)

References

(2)

Water Quality Requirements

(34)

Introduction

(1)

Why water quality criteria and objectives?

(3)

Water quality criteria for individual use categories

(10)

Water quality objectives

(14)

Conclusions and recommendations

(1)

References

(5)

Technology Selection

(42)

Integrating waste and water management

(2)

Wastewater origin, composition and significance

(4)

Wastewater management

(9)

Pollution prevention and minimisation

(3)

Sewage conveyance

(3)

Costs, Operation and maintenance

(2)

Selection of technology

(14)

Conclusions and recommendations

(2)

References

(3)

Wastewater as a Resource

(38)

Introduction

(1)

Types of reuse

(2)

Implementing or upgrading agricultural reuse systems

(15)

Technical aspects of health protection

105

(14)

Conclusions and recommendations

119

(1)

References

120

(5)

Legal and Regulatory Instruments

125

(38)

Introduction

125

(1)

Inventories for pollution control

126

(5)

Derivation of standards for point sources

131

(5)

Regulation of point sources

136

(10)

Non-point source pollution

146

(10)

Groundwater protection

156

(2)

Transboundary pollution

158

(2)

Conclusions

160

(1)

References

160

(3)

Economic Instruments

163

(28)

Introduction

163

(1)

Why use economic instruments?

163

(4)

Applying economic instruments

167

(16)

Choosing between instruments

183

(3)

Application in developing countries

186

(2)

Conclusions

188

(1)

References

188

(3)

Financing Wastewater Management

191

(28)

Introduction

191

(1)

The challenges of urban sanitation

191

(5)

The Financial challenges

196

(14)

Strategic planning and policies for sustainable sanitation services

210

(4)

Conclusions

214

(1)

References

215

(4)

Institutional Arrangements

219

(26)

Introduction

219

(1)

The water pollution control sub-sector

220

(1)

Institutions and organisations

221

(2)

Criteria and determinants

223

(7)

Examples of institutional arrangements

230

(10)

Capacity building

240

(1)

Conclusions

241

(1)

References

242

(3)

Information Systems

245

(30)

Introduction

245

(1)

The importance of integration

246

(4)

Specifying information needs

250

(4)

Information gathering and dissemination

254

(4)

From data to information tools

258

(6)

Design of monitoring networks and selection of variables

264

(3)

Monitoring technology

267

(4)

References

271

(4)

Framework for Water Pollution Control

275

(28)

Introduction

275

(2)

Initial analysis of water quality problems

277

(3)

Establishing objectives for water pollution control

280

(5)

Management tools and instruments

285

(12)

Action plan for water pollution control

297

(3)

References

300

(3)

Case Study I THE GANGA, INDIA

303

(14)

Introduction

303

(1)

The Ganga River

303

(3)

The Ganga Action Plan

306

(7)

Implementation problems

313

(1)

River water quality monitoring

314

(1)

The future

314

(1)

Conclusions and lessons learned

314

(2)

Recommendations

316

(1)

Source literature

316

(1)

Case Study II SHANGHAI HUANGPU RIVER, CHINA

317

(24)

Introduction

317

(1)

Background information

317

(5)

Institutional development and industrial pollution control

322

(6)

Pollution control strategy for the Huangpu River

328

(9)

Other major measures used in cleaning the Huangpu River

337

(2)

Conclusions

339

(1)

References

339

(2)

Case Study III THE PASIG RIVER, PHILIPPINES

341

(20)

Country profile

341

(1)

Basin identification

342

(2)

Pre-intervention situation

344

(4)

The intervention scenario

348

(9)

Lessons learned, constraints and opportunities

357

(2)

Conclusions and recommendations

359

(2)

Case Study IV NIGERIA

361

(14)

Introduction

361

(4)

National environmental policy

365

(3)

Water resources management

368

(2)

Industrial water pollution control programme

370

(3)

Conclusions

373

(1)

References

374

(1)

Case Study V THE WITBANK DAM CATCHMENT

375

(12)

Introduction

375

(1)

Background information

375

(1)

The Witbank Dam catchment

376

(2)

Pre-intervention situation

378

(1)

Intervention with a new approach

379

(6)

Shortcomings of the approach

385

(1)

Conclusions

386

(1)

References

386

(1)

Case Study VI THE UPPER TIETE BASIN, BRAZIL

387

(10)

Introduction

387

(1)

The metropolitan region of Sao Paulo

387

(2)

Pre-intervention situation

389

(1)

The Tiete Project

390

(1)

Industrial wastewater management

391

(5)

Conclusions

396

(1)

References

396

(1)

Case Study VII THE MEZQUITAL VALLEY, MEXICO

397

(12)

Introduction

397

(1)

The Mezquital Valley

398

(3)

Pre-intervention situation

401

(3)

Intervention scenario

404

(2)

Lessons learned, constraints and opportunities

406

(1)

Conclusions and recommendations

406

(1)

References

407

(2)

Case Study VIII LERMA-CHAPALA BASIN, MEXICO

409

(16)

Introduction

409

(1)

The Lerma Chapala basin

410

(2)

Pre-intervention situation

412

(3)

Intervention scenario

415

(7)

Conclusions and lessons for the future

422

(1)

Final reflections

423

(2)

Case Study IX THE DANUBE BASIN

425

(16)

Introduction

425

(1)

Economic activities in the basin

426

(5)

The Environmental Programme for the Danube River Basin

431

(1)

The strategic action plan

432

(1)

Problems and priorities

433

(3)

Strategic directions

436

(4)

Conclusions

440

(1)

References

440

(1)

Case Study X MOSCOW REGION, RUSSIA

441

(16)

Introduction

441

(1)

Description of the region

441

(2)

Water Systems

443

(4)

Water resources assessment

447

(2)

Pollution sources

449

(1)

Major problems

450

(1)

The programme

451

(2)

International co-operation

453

(2)

Conclusion

455

(1)

References

455

(2)

Case Study XI CYPRUS

457

(12)

Introduction

457

(1)

Water resources

457

(3)

Measures to conserve and replenish groundwater

460

(2)

Direct use of treated wastewater for irrigation

462

(1)

Pollution of water resources

463

(4)

Conclusions and recommendations

467

(1)

References

467

(2)

Case Study XII KINGDOM OF JORDAN

469

(14)

Introduction

469

(1)

General information on Jordan and Greater Amman

469

(2)

Wastewaters and water pollution control

471

(1)

Existing major wastewater management problems and needs

472

(4)

Management solution alternatives

476

(4)

Recommendations and possible results

480

(1)

References

481

(2)

Case Study XIII SANA'A, YEMEN

483

(14)

Introduction

483

(3)

Water issues

486

(7)

Planned interventions

493

(1)

Lessons learned and conclusions

494

(1)

References

495

(2)

Appendix

497

(2)

Index

499

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Water Pollution Control: A Guide to the Use of Water Quality Management Principles

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials