Western Civilizations Vol. 2 : Study Guide to

A study guide to accompany volume 2, thirteenth edition, of Western Civilizations. The primary purpose of this Study Guide is to assist students in mastering the material in the textbook and to supply them with a means whereby they can test their mastery. It also affords a convenient guide for review as well as a basis for classroom discussion and tests.

Preface: To the Teacher and the Student

v

A Century of Crisis for Early-Modern Europe (c. 1560--c. 1660)

Exercises

1

(2)

Readings

On the Divine Right of Kings

3

(1)

James I

Reply of the House of Commons to James I

4

(1)

From Leviathan

4

(1)

Thomas Hobbes

From Pensees

5

(2)

Blaise Pascal

The Economy and Society of Early-Modern Europe

Exercises

7

(2)

Readings

Results of the Enclosure Movement

9

(1)

Sir Thomas More

Political Consequences of the Growth of Banking

9

(1)

R. H. Tawney

On the Principle of Mercantilism

10

(1)

Adam Smith

Life in Sixteenth-Century England

11

(2)

Erasmus

The Age of Absolutism (1660--1789)

Exercises

13

(2)

Readings

The Theory of Divine Right

15

(1)

Jacques Bossuet

Catherine the Great: The ``Instructions''

16

(1)

From Concerning Civil Government

17

(1)

John Locke

Extracts from the English Bill of Rights

18

(1)

The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

Exercises

19

(2)

Readings

From Essay Concerning Human Understanding

21

(1)

John Locke

Voltaire, Personification of the Enlightenment

22

(1)

From the Age of Reason

23

(1)

Thomas Paine

The Encyclopedia: Man as the Reference Point for All Study

23

(1)

From the Progress of the Human Mind

23

(1)

Marquis de Condorcet

The Social Contract

24

(1)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

The French Revolution

Exercises

25

(2)

Readings

The French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

27

(1)

The Republican Institutions

28

(1)

Saint-Just

The Retreat from Russia

28

(3)

Philippe-Paul de Segur

The Industrial Revolution

Exercises

31

(1)

Readings

The Factory Apprentice

32

(1)

T. S. Ashton

A Vigorous Defense of Mechanization

33

(1)

J. R. McCulloch

Britain and Europe at Mid-Century

33

(2)

David S. Landes

Parliamentary Investigations into Child Labor

35

(4)

Consequences of Industrialization: Urbanization and Class Consciousness (1800--1850)

Exercises

39

(2)

Readings

A Defense of Free Enterprise

41

(1)

William Graham Sumner

The Bases of Utopian Socialism

41

(1)

Robert Owen

On the Principle of Population

41

(1)

Thomas Malthus

The Labor Theory of Value

42

(1)

David Ricardo

The Rise of Liberalism (1815--1870)

Exercises

43

(2)

Readings

The Struggle for the First Reform Act

45

(1)

Justin McCarthy

The Aims of the Chartists

46

(1)

From On Liberty

46

(3)

John Stuart Mill

Nationalism and Nation-Building (1815--1870)

Exercises

49

(3)

Readings

Bismarck Contrives a War with France

52

(1)

The Federalist, No. 10

52

(3)

James Madison

International Industrialization and Imperialism (1870--1914)

Exercises

55

(3)

Readings

The Evolution of Modern Capitalism

58

(1)

John A. Hobson

A Captain of Industry

58

(1)

Alfred P. Sloan

The Voice of American Expansionism

59

(1)

Albert J. Beveridge

``The White Man's Burden''

59

(2)

Rudyard Kipling

The Middle Class Challenged

Exercises

61

(2)

Readings

From The Communist Manifesto

63

(1)

Karl Marx

Friedrich Engels

An Exposition of Darwinism

64

(1)

Alfred Russel Wallace

The New Pscychology

64

(3)

Sigmund Freud

A Delicate Equilibrium (1870--1914)

Exercises

67

(2)

Readings

The Beginning of the Dreyfus Affair

69

(1)

Alfred Dreyfus

The Entente Cordiale, 1904

69

(1)

Mansion House Speech of July, 1911

70

(1)

David Lloyd George

The First World War

Exercises

71

(2)

Readings

Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg: Germany's War Aims

73

(1)

The United States Enters the War

74

(1)

Woodrow Wilson

Speech on the Fourteen Points

74

(1)

Woodrow Wilson

Extracts from the Treaty of Versailles

75

(2)

Turmoil Between the Wars

Exercises

77

(2)

Readings

The Basic Philosophy of Fascism

79

(1)

Benito Mussolini

Theories of Race and German Expansion

79

(1)

Adolf Hitler

Theory of Communist Morality

80

(1)

V. I. Lenin

What Communism Really Means

80

(1)

V. I. Lenin

Existentialism

81

(2)

Jean-Paul Sartre

The Second World War

Exercises

83

(2)

Readings

``Peace in Our Time''

85

(1)

Neville Chamberlain

The Nazi-Soviet Pact: A Defense

86

(1)

V. Molotov

Radio Address to the German People, 1939

87

(1)

Neville Chamberlain

``The Dropping of the A-Bomb''

88

(3)

Barton J. Bernstein

The Postwar Years: Rivalry and Recovery

Exercises

91

(1)

Readings

Subversion Versus Revolution

92

(3)

Isaac Deutscher

Fragmentation and Change: The End of Postwar Certainties

Exercises

95

(1)

Readings

Pilgrimage to Nonviolence

96

(1)

Martin Luther King

The Revolution against Racism

97

(2)

Malcolm X

The Advent of Gorbachev

99

(1)

Vladimir Pozner

New Year's Address

99

(4)

Vaclav Havel

Problems of World Civilization

Exercises

103

(1)

Readings

The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962

104

(3)

Robert F. Kennedy

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

107

(3)

The Return of History

110

(1)

Freimut Duve

Blood and Belonging

111

(1)

Michael Ignatieff

The Fate of the Earth

112

Jonathan Schell

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Western Civilizations Vol. 2 : Study Guide to Accompany

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials