Wildlife Ecology and Management

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ISBN: 9780138404222 | 0138404224
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 1/1/2003

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This exceptionally comprehensive, single-source introduction to the art, science, theories, practices, and issues of wildlife management is ideal for the novice in the subject. Features full-chapters on predators, urban wildlife, policy, water, soil, diseases, conservation biology. New, up-to-date issues covered include the removal of dams, global warming, emerging diseases among elk and deer, adaptive harvest management, animal rights groups, women hunters, population data, migratory animals and more. For anyone interested in an exceptionally comprehensive introduction to wildlife management and conservation.

FOREWORD

(2)

PREFACE

XIII

CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT?

(6)

A Brief History

(2)

What Does a Wildlife Manager Do?

(1)

Summary

(1)

CHAPTER 2 NEGLECT AND EXPLOITATION

(13)

In the Beginning

(3)

Bison: A Story of Near Extinction

(1)

The Passenger Pigeon: An American Tragedy

(2)

Others, Too, Are Gone

(2)

Wood Ducks, Wild Turkeys, and Other Near Extinctions

(1)

Problems of Excess: Reindeer, Deer, and Blackbirds

(2)

Predator Control: Bounties, Baits, and Blunders

(1)

Exotic Wildlife

(1)

Summary

(2)

CHAPTER 3 SOME SUCCESSES IN MANAGING WILDLIFE

(9)

Restoration of Bison

(1)

Lead Poisoning: Almost Gone

(2)

Return of Wood Ducks

(1)

Wild Turkeys: Turning Failure into Success

(1)

Restoration of Mammals in North America

(1)

Some Successes With Birds

(1)

Elusive Measures of Successful Management

(1)

Summary

(1)

CHAPTER 4 ECOSYSTEMS AND NATURAL COMMUNITIES

(16)

Matter and Energy

(3)

Range of Tolerance

(2)

Niche

(2)

Natural Communities-Changes in Time and Space

(3)

Succession and Wildlife Management

(1)

Diversity and Stability

(2)

Summary

(1)

CHAPTER 5 POPULATION ECOLOGY

(22)

Some Definitions,

(1)

The Logistic Equation

(3)

Field Studies

(2)

Births and Deaths

(4)

Sex Ratios and Mating Systems

(2)

Age-Specific Birthrates

(2)

Additive and Compensatory Mortality

(1)

Life Tables and Survivorship Curves

(2)

Sources of Population Data

(3)

Organization of a Population-Management Problem

(1)

Metapopulations

(1)

Population Models

(1)

The Human Population

(2)

Summary

(1)

CHAPTER 6 ANIMAL BEHAVIOR AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT

(20)

Habitat Selection

(1)

Courtship Behavior

(2)

Reproductive Physiology and Behavior

(1)

Territorial Behavior

(2)

Sexual Segregation

(1)

Circadian Rhythms

(1)

Dispersal

(1)

Responses of Wildlife to Humans

(2)

Imprinting and Parental Care

(2)

Migration

(6)

Birds

(2)

Reptiles

(1)

Mammals

(3)

Managing Migratory Animals

(1)

Too Many Geese

(1)

Summary

(1)

CHAPTER 7 FOOD AND COVER

(26)

Food

(4)

Digestive Systems of Birds and Mammals

(3)

Energy

(1)

Carbohydrates

(1)

Fats

(1)

Proteins

(1)

Vitamins

(1)

Macronutrients

(1)

Micronutrients

(1)

Ecology and Evolution of Feeding Behavior and Defense

(7)

Quality of Food

(3)

Quantity of Food

(1)

Responses to Food Shortages

(2)

Physical Condition and Nutrition

(1)

Food Management

(4)

Cover

102

(7)

Cover As Shelter

103

(2)

Cover As Concealment

105

(4)

Edges and Edge Effect

109

(3)

Summary

112

(1)

CHAPTER 8 WILDLIFE DISEASES

113

(29)

Why Study Wildlife Diseases?

113

(5)

Perspectives

118

(4)

Diseases and Habitat

122

(5)

Diseases and Populations

127

(6)

Diseases and Biological Controls

133

(2)

Lyme Disease and Other "New" Diseases

135

(2)

Wildlife Diseases and Humans

137

(4)

Summary

141

(1)

CHAPTER 9 PREDATORS AND PREDATION

142

(28)

Predator Behavior and Prey Survival

143

(1)

Predation in Natural Communities

144

(16)

Theoretical Predator-Prey Systems

147

(1)

Laboratory Studies of Predator-Prey Systems

148

(1)

Field Observations of Predator-Prey Systems

149

(6)

Field Experiments with Predator-Prey Systems

155

(3)

Wolf Control in Alaska

158

(2)

Predation on Domestic Animals

160

(9)

Extent of the Problem

161

(1)

Control Methods

162

(2)

Effectiveness of Control Methods on Coyote Numbers

164

(2)

Effects of Coyote Control on Other Animals

166

(1)

Public Policy and Predator Control

166

(3)

Summary

169

(1)

CHAPTER 10 HUNTING AND TRAPPING

170

(19)

To Hunt or Not to Hunt

170

(4)

Women Hunters

174

(1)

The Effects of Hunting on Populations of Animals

174

(1)

Harvest and Hunting

175

(8)

Mallard

178

(2)

American Woodcock

180

(1)

Wild Turkey

180

(1)

Deer

181

(2)

Managing for the Hunter

183

(1)

Hunting by Native Peoples

183

(1)

Trapping and Furbearers

184

(4)

Trapping in Ontario

186

(1)

Traps

187

(1)

Trapping and Hunting Education

187

(1)

Summary

188

(1)

CHAPTER 11 WILDLIFE AND WATER

189

(40)

Some Properties of Water

189

(2)

Some Ecological Influences of Water

191

(2)

1996 Experimental Flood in the Grand Canyon

193

(1)

Water, Distribution, and Isolation

194

(2)

Water and Wildlife Populations

196

(3)

Physiological and Behavioral Responses

199

(5)

Water, Disasters, and Hard Times

204

(4)

Reservoir Effect and Management

208

(2)

Beaver, Water, and Wildlife

210

(2)

Alligators and Marsh Ecology

212

(1)

Oil, Water, and Birds Don't Mix

213

(3)

Water and Raw Sewage

216

(2)

"Acid Rain:" A Changing Environment

218

(5)

Water Developments and Wildlife

223

(5)

Summary

228

(1)

CHAPTER 12 WILDLIFE AND SOILS

229

(24)

Some Features of Soil

229

(5)

Some Influences of Soil on Wildlife

234

(12)

A Tropical Paradox

240

(5)

Desertification

245

(1)

Some Influences of Wildlife on Soils

246

(4)

Fertilization

250

(2)

Summary

252

(1)

CHAPTER 13 WILDLIFE AND FARMLANDS

253

(34)

Agriculture: A Brief History

253

(1)

What Has Happened to Farms and Farmland?

254

(4)

Farm Crops as Wildlife Food

258

(8)

Erosion, Sedimentation, and Wildlife

266

(3)

Agricultural Chemicals and Wildlife

269

(7)

some Kinds of Insecticides

271

(4)

Herbicides

275

(1)

Fertilizers

276

(1)

Farming for Wildlife

276

(9)

Shelterbelts

277

(3)

Odd Areas and Roadsides

280

(2)

Tillage

282

(3)

"Wildlife Partners" Calendars

285

(1)

Summary

285

(2)

CHAPTER 14 WILDLIFE AND RANGELANDS

287

(30)

Grasses

287

(2)

The Animal Unit

289

(1)

Management of Range Vegetation

289

(8)

Mechanical Methods

292

(2)

Herbicides

294

(2)

Fire

296

(1)

Grazing and Wildlife

297

(8)

Overgrazing

300

(2)

Grazing and Trout

302

(2)

Grazing Systems

304

(1)

Range Fires and Wildlife

305

(3)

Fencing

308

(2)

Burros and Rangelands

310

(1)

Game Ranching

311

(4)

An African Saga

314

(1)

Summary

315

(2)

CHAPTER 15 FOREST MANAGEMENT AND WILDLIFE

317

(21)

Some Basics of Forest Management

319

(2)

A System for Considering Needs of Forest Wildlife in Federal and State Forests

321

(1)

Clear-cutting and Wildlife

321

(3)

Snags

324

(1)

Deadwood and Fuel

325

(1)

Forest Fires and Wildlife

326

(3)

Old-Growth Forests--A Special Case?

329

(2)

Private Woodlands

331

(1)

Forest Management for Ruffed Grouse--An Example of Featured-Species Management

331

(6)

Summary

337

(1)

CHAPTER 16 WILDLIFE IN PARKS AND REFUGES

338

(20)

Enjoyment of Wildlife by Park Visitors

338

(3)

Hunting in Parks

341

(1)

National Parks

341

(3)

Overpopulation of Animals in Parks

344

(2)

Bears

346

(2)

Preservation, Human Populations, and Park Development

348

(3)

Refuges

351

(6)

State Wildlife Refuges

353

(1)

Management Overview

353

(1)

Some Functions of Refuges

353

(3)

1997 Organic Act

356

(1)

Problems

356

(1)

Summary

357

(1)

CHAPTER 17 URBAN WILDLIFE

358

(25)

Urban Wildlife Resources

360

(5)

Urban Monoculture

365

(1)

Urban Zones

366

(1)

Multiple-Use Management in the City

367

(3)

Aspects of Urban Management

370

(6)

Urban Wildlife as Pests

376

(6)

Summary

382

(1)

CHAPTER 18 EXOTIC WILDLIFE

383

(29)

The Case for Exotic Game

386

(9)

A Pattern of Success?

388

(1)

Reasons for Failure

389

(1)

Some Concerns about Exotics

390

(5)

North America's Outdoor Zoo

395

(6)

Transplants Within North America

401

(3)

Some North American Exports

404

(3)

For Better or Worse?

407

(2)

Guidelines and Policies

409

(1)

Summary

410

(2)

CHAPTER 19 NONGAME AND ENDANGERED WILDLIFE

412

(25)

Definition

413

(1)

Economic Values

413

(2)

An Unfinished Agenda

415

(1)

State Funding for Nongame Management

416

(1)

Status and Concerns of Nongame Management

417

(2)

Out of Africa: Vulture Restaurants

419

(1)

Endangered Species

420

(2)

A Brief History of Nongame and Endangered Species

422

(5)

Endangered Species Legislation

423

(4)

Triage: The Crush of Decision

427

(1)

Management of Endangered Species

428

(7)

Summary

435

(2)

CHAPTER 20 ECONOMICS OF WILDLIFE

437

(13)

Nonconsumptive Value of Wildlife

438

(1)

Economics of Fisheries

439

(1)

Farming wildlife

440

(2)

Economics of Sport Hunting

442

(4)

Economics of Mitigation

446

(2)

Beyond Dollars and Cents

448

(1)

Summary

449

(1)

CHAPTER 21 CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT

450

(24)

"On the Ground" with Conservation Biology

452

(1)

Levels of Conservation Biology

452

(4)

Examples of Conservation Biology Interacting with Wildlife Management

456

(4)

Population Genetics

456

(1)

The Wolves of Isle Royale

457

(1)

Northern Spotted Owl

457

(3)

Conservation in Other Lands

460

(1)

Island Biogeography

461

(3)

Corridors

464

(2)

Songbirds and Fragmented Forests

466

(3)

Ecological Baselines

469

(1)

Minimum Viable Populations

470

(3)

Human Population

473

(1)

Summary

473

(1)

CHAPTER 22 WILDLIFE AS A PUBLIC TRUST

474

(40)

Sources

475

(1)

Agency Structure and Development

476

(6)

National Biological Service

482

(1)

New Training, New Profession

483

(1)

Policy and Wildlife Law

484

(5)

Biological Foundation

484

(1)

Enforcement

485

(4)

Policy: Social and Economic Factors

489

(1)

Policy: Scientific and Technological Factors

490

(1)

Legal Jurisdiction

491

(1)

National Policies

492

(6)

Lacey Act

492

(1)

Restoration Act

493

(1)

Land and Water Policies

494

(2)

National Environmental Policy Act

496

(2)

Policies of Sentiment

498

(3)

Public Attitudes

501

(3)

Who and What?

501

(1)

Americans and Issues

502

(1)

Public Awareness

503

(1)

Canadian Wildlife Service

504

(1)

Resource Management in Mexico: SEMARNAP

505

(1)

A Contrast in Europe

506

(6)

Summary

512

(2)

CHAPTER 23 CONCLUSION

514

(4)

GLOSSARY

518

(13)

LITERATURE CITED

531

(54)

INDEX

585

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Wildlife Ecology and Management

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials