Wood-Plastic Composites

This book focuses on the substance of wood-plastic composites and their properties and behavior, rather than on manufacturing means. All seventeen book chapters address the topics most needed by professionals working to produce and commercialize wood-plastic composites. These subjects determine esthetics, properties, performance, and durability of wood-plastic composite products, along with process-abilty of the material.

Anatole A. Klyosov, PHD, was Consulting Vice President of LDI Composites Co. (formerly Kadant Composites, where he was Vice President of research and development). Dr. Klyosov was also professor of biochemistry at Harvard University for eight years. He is currently Chief Scientist at Pro-Pharmaceuticals, Inc. He has published almost 300 peer-reviewed articles, thirty-five patents, and a number of books.

Preface
Foreword-Overview Wood-Plastic Composites
WPC, pricing restrictions
WPC, brands and manufacturers
Flexural strength
Flexural modulus, deflection
Deck boards
Stair treads
Thermal expansion-contraction
Shrinkage
Slip resistance
Water absorption, swell, buckling
Microbial degradation
Termite resistance
Flammability
Oxidation and crumbling
Photo-oxidation and fading
Wood-plastic composites - products, trends, market size and dynamics, and unsolved (or only partially solved) problems
WPC products
The public view, perception
WPC market size and dynamics
Competition on the WPC market
Unsolved (or only partially solved) R&D problems
Examples of wood-plastic composite deck boards
References
Composition of wood-plastic composites: thermoplastics
Introduction
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Polyvinyl Chloride
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene copolymer (ABS)
Nylon 6 and other polyamides
Conclusion
Addendum: ASTM tests covering definitions of technical terms and their contractions used in plastic industry and specifications of plastics
References
Composition of wood-plastic composites: cellulose and lignocellulose fillers
Introduction
A brief history of cellulose fillers in WPC in U.S. patents
Beginning of WPC
Thermosetting materials
Cellulose as a reinforcing ingredient in thermoplastic compositions
Improving mechanical and other properties of WPC
Improving the compatibility of the fillers with the polymeric matrix
Coupling agents
Plastics beyond HDPE in wood-plastic composite materials
Cellulose-polyolefin composite pellets
Foamed wood-plastic composites
Biodegradable wood-plastic composites
General properties of lignocellulosic fiber as fillers
Chemical composition
Detrimental effect of lignin
Detrimental effect of hemicellulosics
Steam explosion
Aspect ratio
Density (specific gravity)
Particle size
Particle shape
Particle size distribution
Particle surface area
Moisture content, the ability to absorb water
The ability of filler to absorb oil
Flammability
Effect on mechanical properties of the composite material
Effect on fading and durability of plastics and composites
Effect on hot melt viscosity
Effect on mold shrinkage
Wood fiber
Wood flour
Saw dust
Rice hulls
VOC from rice hulls
Long natural fiber
Papermaking sludge
Biodac
VOC from Biodac
Rice hulls and Biodac as antioxidants in WPC
References (other than patents)
References (patents)
Composition of wood-plastic composites: mineral fillers
Introduction
General properties of mineral fillers
Chemical composition
Aspect ratio
Density (specific gravity)
Particle size
Particle shape
Particle size distribution
Particle surface area
Moisture content, the ability to absorb water
The ability to absorb oil
Flame retardant properties
Effect on mechanical properties of the composite material
Effect on hot melt viscosity
Effect on mold shrinkage
Thermal properties
Color, optical properties
Effect on fading and durability of plastics and composites
Health and safety
Fillers
Calcium carbonate
Talc
Biodac (a blend of cellulose and mineral fillers)
Silica
Kaolin clay
Mica
Wollastonite
Glass fibers
Fly ash
Carbon black
Nanofillers and nanocomposites
Conclusions
References
Composition of wood-
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Wood-Plastic Composites

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials