World Architecture A Cross-Cultural History

Spiro Kostof pioneered a sweeping, unified narrative of architecture, based on its role in everyday life and society. Even nonusers looked up to his reputation -- including his narrative voice, his themes of setting and ritual, and his view of architecture as including human habitation along with great buildings. New lead author Richard Ingersoll makes Kostof's highly-respected prose much more accessible, the coverage more global and flexible, social and cultural themes more obvious in section openers and boxes, and the diagrams bolder and clearer. (Kostof's text, last revised in 1995, will remain in print.) Ingersoll had made the text not just much easier to read, but uniquely global, contemporary, thematic, and flexible: · Architecture is presented as a phenomenon that occurs simultaneously in many different cultural and geographical contexts, thus having many histories rather than a single narrative. · Buildings are considered as expressions of the diversity of cultures, situated within each culture's unique historical development · Chapters are strictly organized by chronology, using progressively shorter blocks of time, from thousand-year periods in antiquity to twenty-year intervals in the modern age. · Three sections in each chapter address distinct locations, cultures, or themes during a given time period, showing simultaneous developments in architecture in different contexts. For instance, chapter 5 (from 200 BCE to 300 CE) has sections on Imperial Rome, Han China, and early Mesoamerican civilization. · Flexible: Typical texts organize chapters around Western period styles - or present one building after another. Our 20 chapters with 60 self-contained sections for regions and period styles give instructors flexibility, without losing a strong narrative. Instructors may thus adopt the text to their course, incorporating whatever level of non-Western coverage that they desire. · New pedagogical tools include timelines and maps at the beginning of each chapter, and overviews of each chapter and section · Hundreds of graphics, drawings, and maps, and over a thousand color photographs · An open-access website with chapter summaries, review questions, downloadable image files by chapter, three-dimensional explorations of key buildings, and Google Earth maps

Preface
Chapter 1. Prehistory
1.1 Architecture as a Second Nature: Sacred Caves and Primitive Huts
1.2 Vernacular Architecture: A Language of Mud, Logs, Hides, and Stones
1.3 Megaliths and Stone Circles: Building as Memory
Chapter 2. 3000-1500 BCE
2.1 Cities of Mesopotamia: Mud, Gods, and Urbanism
2.2 Old Kingdom Egypt: Architecture for the Afterlife
2.3 The Indus Valley: Cities without Monuments
Chapter 3. 1500-700 BCE
3.1 The Aegean in the Bronze Age: Labyrinths and Cyclopean Walls
3.2 New Kingdom Egypt: Axial Temples and Colossal Statues
3.3 Biblical Jerusalem: Architecture and Memory
Chapter 4. 700-200 BCE
4.1 Southwest Asia and Achaemenid Persia: A Cycle of Empires
4.2 The Greek City-State: Classical Architecture at the Acropolis and the Agora
4.3 Mauryan India: Emblems of Peace in Stone
Chapter 5. 200 BCE-300 CE
5.1 Ancient Rome: Governing through Architecture
5.2 Ancient China: The Pivot of the Cosmos in Mud and Wood
5.3 Ancient Mexico: Pyramids and Sacrifice
Chapter 6. 300-600
6.1 Early Christian Italy: The Inward Orientation of the Church
6.2 Byzantium: The Dome as an Act of Faith
6.3 Gupta India: Rock-Cut Architecture and the Art of Subtraction
Chapter 7. 600-800
7.1 The Spread of Islam: Hypostyle Mosques and Soaring Minarets
7.2 Tang China and East Asia: Gridded Capitals and Lofty Pagodas
7.3 The Maya of Central America: Reproducing the Mountain of Creation
Chapter 8. 800-1200
8.1 Southeast Asia and Southern India: Lived-in Models of Cosmic Order
8.2 Islamic Spain and Morocco: Interlacing Forms in al-Andalus and the Maghreb
8.3 Western Europe after the Roman Empire: Monks, Knights, and Pilgrims
Chapter 9. 1200-1350
9.1 The Mercantile Mediterranean: New Facades for Old Cities
9.2 Gothic Europe: The Fabric of the Great Cathedrals
9.3 Sub-Saharan Africa: Living Architecture
Chapter 10. 1350-1500
10.1 Humanist Italy: Public Spaces and Private Palaces of the Renaissance
10.2 Eastern Europe: From the Spirit of Wood to the Conventions of Masonry
10.3 Pre-Contact America: Empires of the Sun
Chapter 11. 1500-1600
11.1 China after 1000: The Mandate of Heaven Made to Last
11.2 The Ottoman Empire: A Culture of Local Symmetries
11.3 Papal Rome: The Fountainhead of Renaissance Classicism
Chapter 12. 1600-1700
12.1 Islamic Realms in Central Asia: The Dome of Power, the Garden of Paradise
12.2 Catholic Europe: The Settings of Absolutism
12.3 Edo Japan: Isolation from the World, Integration with Nature
Chapter 13. 1700-1750
13.1 Protestant Europe: An Architecture of Essentials
13.2 The Diffusion of the Baroque: Life as Theater
13.3 The American Colonies: Domination and Liberty on the Grid
Chapter 14. 1750-1800
14.1 The Picturesque: Landscapes of the Informal, the Exotic, and the Sublime
14.2 Enlightenment Europe: Theory, Revolution, and Architecture
14.3 Industry and Punishment: Factories and Warehouses, Prisons and Workhouses
Chapter 15. 1800-1850
15.1 After the Revolution: The Ideological Uses of Neoclassicism
15.2 The Gothic Revival: Antimodern and Proto-Nationalist
15.3 The New Iron Age: The Spread of Metal and Glass Technologies
Chapter 16. 1850-1890
16.1 The Rise of the Metropolis: Urbanism and the New Scale of Architecture
16.2 Lifestyles and House Form: Apartments, Row Houses, Bungalows, and Utopias
16.3 The Beaux-Arts: Eclecticism and Professionalism
Chapter 17. 1890-1920
17.1 Arts and Crafts: Design and the Dignity of Labor
17.2 The Twilight of Western Imperialism: Monuments to the White Man's Burden
17.3 Art Nouveau and the Search for Modern Form: Architecture without Precedents
Chapter 18. 1920-1940
18.1 American Skyscrapers and Automobiles: Mass Production Meets Individualism
18.2 European Modernisms: A Dialogue between Form and Function
18.3 Totalitarian Settings in Modern Europe: Architecture as Propaganda
Chapter 19. 1940-1970
19.1 The International Style and the Advent of the Welfare State
19.2 The Birth of the Third World: Experiments in Postcolonial Urbanism
19.3 The Expressionist Resurgence: Hybrids amid Mass Culture
Chapter 20. After 1970
20.1 Postmodern Movements: Populism, Radicalism, and Irony
20.2 Multinational versus Multicultural Practice
20.3 Toward an Ecological Worldview: Architecture in the Age of Global Warming
Glossary
Credits
Index