- ISBN: 9781119216421 | 1119216427
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 12/19/2016
World Cities and Nation States takes a global perspective to show how national governments and states/provinces/regions continue to play a decisive, and often positive, partnership role with world cities. The 16 chapter book ? comprised of two introductory chapters, 12 central chapters that draw on case studies, and two summary chapters - draws on over 40 interviews with national ministers, city government officials, business leaders and expert academics.
Greg Clark is an advisor and mentor for cities, business, and investment. He works with leadership in global cities, global firms, global institutions, and at global gatherings.Greg trained as an Economist, Social and Political Scientist, City & Regional Planner at Cambridge University, UK, Columbia University, NYC, and London School of Economics. Harkness Fellow and author of ten books and numerous reports and papers on cities and business development issues.
He has just been awarded the CBE.
Tim Moonen is a researcher on the future of cities and globalisation, and currently the Director of Research at The Business of Cities. He has written extensively about global urban financing, long-term strategic planning, and comparative city competitiveness. He has recently authored and co-authored original work on international development bank investment for cities, the future of European cities, and the concept of global fluency as a tool for city and metropolitan leaders.
Foreword xii
Preface xiv
Section I Introducing world cities and nation states 1
1 Introduction: Clash of the centuries? 3
Urbanisation and globalisation: The age of world cities 5
The future imperatives for world cities 6
Nation states in the urban age 6
Different models and starting points 9
Other inherited factors 11
Overview of the book 14
2 Cities and nation states: The story so far 19
The rise of the nation state and the implications for cities 20
Nation states and the ‘world cities’ literature 22
A return to city‐states? 26
Reasons for caution 27
The ongoing relevance of the nation state 28
Summary 32
Section II World cities in tight nations: Unitary systems in transition 33
3 London: From centralism to negotiated growth management 35
London’s historic relationship with central government 38
The return to city government and changes in city powers since 2000 40
The national system of cities: London and the UK 43
Ongoing challenges where London needs help from national government 46
Key actors and mechanisms that enable London to make progress with UK central government 51
Conclusion 52
4 Paris: Manufacturing a metropolis amid institutional complexity 54
History of Paris’s relationship with national government 57
Paris as an established world city 58
The national system of cities: Paris and France 61
Ongoing challenges where Paris needs help from national government 62
Key actors and mechanisms that enable Paris to make progress with the nation state 66
Conclusion 67
5 Seoul: Lessons from de‐centralisation and de‐concentration 68
History of Seoul’s relationship with central government 70
Adaptation in Seoul’s global age 73
The national system of cities: Seoul and Korea 74
Ongoing challenges where Seoul needs help from national government 76
Key actors and mechanisms that enable Seoul to make progress with the nation state 79
Conclusion 79
6 Tokyo: Shared global aspirations and blunted reforms 81
History of Tokyo’s relationship with central government 83
Changes in city powers since 2000: What problems have been solved? 85
The national system of cities: Tokyo and Japan 88
The future agenda for collaboration with national government 89
Key actors and mechanisms that enable Tokyo to make progress with the nation state 92
Conclusion 93
Section III Working remotely: World cities in federal systems 95
7 Mumbai: The opportunity costs of leadership and co‐ordination failure 97
History of Mumbai’s relationship with higher tiers of government 99
Incomplete initiatives and aborted reforms in the 21st century 101
The national system of cities: Mumbai and India 102
Ongoing challenges where Mumbai needs help from national government 104
Key actors and mechanisms that enable Mumbai to make progress with the nation state 107
Conclusion 108
8 New York: Adapting to 'emergency back‐up' federalism 110
History of the city and nation state relationship up to 2000 113
Evolution of the city's relationship with the federal tier since 9/11 114
The national system of cities: New York City and American metros 115
Ongoing challenges where New York needs help from national government 116
Key actors and mechanisms that enable New York to make progress with the nation state 119
Conclusion 120
9 São Paulo: The quest for recognition and reform 122
History of São Paulo’s relationship with its nation state up to 2000 124
Changes in São Paulo’s relationship with higher tiers of government since 2000 125
The national system of cities: São Paulo and Brazil 127
Ongoing challenges where São Paulo needs help from national government 130
Key actors and mechanisms that enable São Paulo to make progress with the nation state 134
Conclusion 134
10 Toronto: Building capacity to renew the 'city that works' 136
History of Toronto’s relationship with the nation state 138
Toronto in the 21st century: A mixed record of federal–city relationships 139
The national system of cities: Toronto and Canada 143
Ongoing challenges where Toronto needs help from national government 144
Key actors and mechanisms that enable Toronto to make progress with higher tiers of government 147
Conclusion 148
Section IV Mixed blessings: City‐states and special status cities 149
11 Hong Kong: A laboratory for a globalising nation 151
History of Hong Kong’s relationship with Beijing 154
Changes in the relationship since the 1997 handover 155
The national system of cities: Hong Kong and China 156
Hong Kong’s future imperatives and the role of China’s central government 158
Key actors and mechanisms that enable Hong Kong to make progress with the nation state 160
Conclusion 162
12 Moscow: Demand or divergence – the externalities of political centralism 163
History of the city and federal government relationship in Moscow 165
New approaches in the 21st century 167
The national system of cities: Moscow and Russia 169
Ongoing opportunities and challenges where Moscow can benefit from national government support 171
Key actors and mechanisms that enable Moscow to make progress with the nation state 175
Conclusion 175
13 Shanghai: Pragmatism in pursuit of global leadership 177
History of Shanghai’s relationship with central government 179
Reforms and cyclical approaches in the Shanghai–Beijing relationship since 2000 181
The national system of cities: Shanghai and China 183
Ongoing challenges where Shanghai needs help from national government 185
Key actors and mechanisms that enable Shanghai to make progress with the nation state 187
Conclusion 187
14 Singapore: The opportunities and obstacles of city‐statehood 189
Singapore’s government and governance history 191
The impacts of Singapore’s unitary government on global city adaptation and success 193
The role of key institutions 195
Singapore’s future challenges 197
Conclusion 199
Section V Conclusion: A New Deal for the 21st century? 201
15 Adjusting to an age of world cities 203
High‐quality infrastructure and connectivity projects 205
Step changes to address housing and real estate challenges 206
Improvement and expansion of governance in world cities 207
Fiscal and investment systems 215
Business friendliness and investor readiness 216
Investment in research and innovation 217
Support for hosting global events 218
Open labour markets 219
Making practical progress with national governments 220
Conclusion 223
16 Unintended consequences: Making world cities work for nations 224
The advantages and disadvantages of having a world city 225
National frameworks to support the wider system of cities 231
Collaboration between world cities and other cities in their nations 236
World cities into the future 237
Conclusion 238
References 240
Index 277
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