World in the Making A Global History, Volume One: To 1500

Featuring a renowned author team and the best recent scholarship, World in the Making: A Global History is the first world history text to explore both the global and local dimensions of world history. Abundant full-color maps and images, along with other special pedagogical features that highlight the lives and voices of the world's peoples, make this new synthesis accessible and memorable for students--all at an affordable low price.

Bonnie G. Smith is Board of Governors Distinguished Professor of History Emerita at Rutgers University.

Marc Van De Mieroop is Professor of History at Columbia University.

Richard von Glahn is Professor of History at University of California, Los Angeles.

Kris Lane is the France Vinton Scholes Chair in Colonial Latin American History at Tulane University.

Preface
Acknowledgements
List of Maps
Studying with Maps
Special Features
Note on Dates and Spelling
About the Authors

Part 1: The Ancient World, from Human Origins to 500 C.E.

1: Peopling the World, to 4000 B.C.E.
Backstory
Human Origins
Evolution of the Human Species
Out of Africa
Paleolithic Food Gatherers 2,000,000-9000 B.C.E.
The Gatherer-Hunter Economy
Life in Palaeolithic Communities
The First Neolithic Farmers 9000-4000 B.C.E
The Origins of Agriculture
Life in Neolithic Communities
COUNTERPOINT Gatherer-Hunters by Choice: Aborigines of Australia
Understanding the History of Aborigines
A Lifestyle in Harmony with the Natural World
The Conscious Choice to Gather and Hunt
Religious Life and Social Organization

Conclusion | Review

Special Features:
Seeing the Past:
Paleolithic Statuettes of Women
Saharan Rock Art
Lives and Livelihoods:
The People of Catal Höyük

2: Temples and Palaces: Birth of the City 5000-1200 B.C.E.
Backstory
Origins of Urban Society: Mesopotamia 5000-3200 B.C.E.
The Environmental Challenge
Irrigation and Its Impact
The First Cities 3200-1600 B.C.E.
The Power of the Temple
The Might of the Palace
The New Order of Society
City Life and Learning
The Invention of Writing
The Expansion of Knowledge
The First International Order 1600-1200 B.C.E.
From City-States to Territorial States in the Eastern Mediterranean
International Relations
Kings and Commoners: An Unequal System
COUNTERPOINT Egypt's Distinct Path to Statehood
Egypt's Geography and Early History
Egyptian Ideology of Kingship
The New Culture of Statehood

Conclusion | Review

Special Features
Seeing the Past:
The Uruk Vase
Reading the Past:
Royal Inscriptions from Early Mesopotamia
Lives and Livelihoods:
The Pyramid Builders of the Pharaohs

3. Settlers and Migrants: The Creation of States in Asia 5000-500 B.C.E.
Backstory
Early Agricultural Societies of South and East Asia 5000 - 1000 B.C.E.
Settled Farmers of the River Valleys
Nomadic Herders of the Steppe
The Indus Valley Culture 2600 -1900 B.C.E.
Urban Society in the Indus Valley
Harappan Crafts and Long-Distance Trade
The End of the Indus Valley Culture
The Indo-Europeans, 3000-1000 B.C.E.
Indo-European Languages
Indo-European Migrations
Indo-European Speakers and Eurasian History
India's Vedic Age
Vedic Origins
Rise of a New Society: Families, Clans, and Castes
Vedic Religion
Developments in Vedic Ideas
The Early Chinese Dynasties
Re-Creating Early China: Literary Traditions and the Archaelogical Record
The Growth of States 2000-1570 B.C.E.
The Shang Dynasty and the Consolidation of Power 1570-1027 B.C.E.
The Early Zhou Dynasty and the Extension of Power 1027-771 B.C.E.
COUNTERPOINT The Oxus People: A Short-Lived Culture in Central Asia 2100-1700 B.C.E.

Conclusion | Review

Special Features
Seeing the Past:
Inscribed Seals from the Indus Valley
Lives and Livelihoods:
Chinese Diviners
Reading the Past:
The Book of Songs

4. Empire and Resistance in the Mediterranean, 1550-330 B.C.E.
Backstory
Imperial Egypt and Nubia 1550 B.C.E-350 C.E.
The Imperial Might of New Kingdom Egypt 1550-1070 B.C.E.
Nubia's Rise and Rule of Egypt 1000-660 B.C.E.
The Nubian Kingdom of Meroe 400 B.C.E.-350 C.E.
Rise and Fall of the Assyrian Empire 900-612 B.C.E.
Assyria: A Society as War Machine
Imperial Governance
Imperial Subjects: Israel and Judah in the Assyrian Empire
Culture and Identity in the Assyrian Empire
Failure of the Assyrian System
The Persian Empire 550-330 B.C.E.
The Course of Empire
Administering a Multicultural Empire
Zoroastrianism in a Polytheistic World
COUNTERPOINT On the Edge of Empire: The People of Ancient Greece, 800-500 B.C.E.
Greek Colonization of the Mediterranean, 800-500 B.C.E.
Growth of the City-State in Early Greece, 800-500 B.C.E.
Struggle Between Persia and Greece 500-479 B.C.E.
The Peloponnesian War and the End of the Athenian Supremacy 431-404 B.C.E.

Conclusion | Review

Special Features
Seeing the Past:
The Queen of Meroe in Battle
Lives and Livelihoods:
Mesopotamian Astronomers
Reading the Past:
Pericles Praises the Democratic Ideal

5. Peoples and World Empires of Eurasia: 500 B.C.E.-500 C.E.
Backstory
India: Thinkers, Traders, and Courtly Cultures 500 B.C.E. -500 C.E.
Religious Ferment: The Rise of Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism
Unity and Fragmentation: The Mauryan and Gupta Empires
A Crossroads of Trade
Literary and Scientific Flowering
China's First Empires: The Qin and Han Dynasties 221 B.C.E. - 220 C.E.
Intellectual Churning: Confucians, Daoists, and Legalists
Unification and Centralization: The Worlds of Qin and Han
Preserving and Spreading the Written Word
Greece: Intellectuals and Innovators 500-30 B.C.E.
Athens's Golden Age
Hellenism: The Expansion of Greek Ideals and Institutions, 323-30 B.C.E.
COUNTERPOINT The Celtic Peoples of the Atlantic Zone
Who Were the Celts?
Celtic Ways of Life
Contacts with the Mediterranean

Conclusion | Review

Special Features
Reading the Past:
Women in Han China
Lives and Livelihoods:
Philosophers of Athens's Golden Age
Seeing the Past:
The Vix Crater: A Greek Vessel in Northern France

6. The Unification of Western Eurasia: 500 B.C.E.-500 C.E.
Backstory
Rome: A Republican Center of Power 500-27 B.C.E.
From Village to World Empire
Society and Politics in the Republic
Failure of the Republic
Rome: The Empire 27 B.C.E.-212 C.E.
Emperors and Armies
The Provincial System and the Diffusion of Roman Culture
Christianity: From Jewish Sect to Imperial Religion
Religions in the Roman Empire
Christianity's Spread Outside the Jewish Community
Toward a State Religion
Institutionalization of the Christian Church
Transformation of the Roman Empire 200-500 C.E.
Division Between East and West
Economic Strains and Social Tensions
Collapse in the West and Revitalization in the East
COUNTERPOINT Rome's Iranian Rivals in the Middle East
The Parthians 247 B.C.E - 224 C.E.
The Sasanids 224-651 C.E.
A Tapestry of Cultures and Religions

Conclusion | Review

Special Features
Lives and Livelihoods:
Roman Engineers
Seeing the Past:
The Augustan Cameo Gem
Reading the Past:
A Young Woman Laments Her Premature Death

7. Reading the Unwritten Record: Peoples of Africa, the Americas, and the Pacific Islands 3000 B.C.E.-500 C.E.
Backstory
Peoples of Sub-Saharan Africa
Early Hunters and Herders
Bantu Migrations
Peoples of the Americas
The Olmecs 1200-400 B.C.E.
The Early Maya
Andrean Peoples 900 B.C.E.-600 C.E.
Gatherer-Hunters of North America 800 B.C.E. - 400 C.E.
Peoples of the Pacific Islands
Agricultural Livelihoods
Peopling the Islands
COUNTERPOINT The Voiced and Voiceless in Ancient Literate Societies
Uses of the Written Record
The Voiceless Many

Conclusion | Review

Special Features
Lives and Livelihoods:
Potters of Antiquity
Reading the Past
The La Mojarra Stele
Seeing the Past
Early Maya Frescoes

Part 2: Crossroads and Cultures, 500 -1450 C.E.

8. The Worlds of Christianity and Islam 400-1000
Backstory
Multiple Christianities
The Christian Church in Byzantium
Christianity in Asia and Africa
Christian Communities in Western Europe
Social and Political Renewal in the Post-Roman World 400-850
Crisis and Survival of the Byzantine Empire
The Germanic Successor States in Western Europe
Economic Contraction and Renewal in Christendom
Origins of the Slavs and the Founding of Rus
The Rise and Spread of Islam
The Prophet Muhammad and the Faith of Islam
The Islamic Empire of the Umayyad Caliphs 661-743
From Unified Caliphate to Islamic Commonwealth
Rise of the Abbasid Caliphs
Rise of the Religious Scholars
Collapse of the Unified Caliphate
COUNTERPOINT The Norse Vikings: The New Barbarians
The Viking Raids 790-1020
Norse Emigration and Colonization

Conclusion | Review

Special Features
Seeing the Past:
Mary as Mother of God
Lives and Livelihoods:
Constantinople's Silk Producers
Reading the Past:
Women and Property in Islam

9. Religion and Cross-Cultural Exchange in Asia
Backstory
Steppe Peoples and Settled Societies of Central Asia
Nomad Conquerors of China: The Northern Wei 386-534
Rise of the Turks
A Turkic Khanate in the West: The Khazars
The Shaping of East Asia
The Chinese Transformation of Buddhism
Reunification of the Chinese Empire: The Sui Dynasty 581-618
The Power of Tang China 618-907
China and Its Neighbors
The Consolidation of Hindu Society in India
Land and Wealth
Devotional Worship in Hinduism
New Economic and Social Trends
Court Society and Culture
The Spread of Indian Traditions to Southeast Asia
Commerce and Religious Change in Southeast Asia
Religion and State Power
Indian Religions in Southeast Asia: A Summing-up
COUNTERPOINT Sogdian Traders in Central Asia and China
A Robust Commercial Economy

Conclusion | Review

Special Features
Lives and Livelihoods
Tea Drinkers in Tang China
Reading the Past
A Copper-Plate Land Grant
Seeing the Past
Borobudur, the World'd Largest Buddhist Monument

10. Societies and Networks in the Americas and the Pacific 300-1200
Backstory
The Classical Age of Mesoamerica and Its Aftermath
Political Power and Ideology in Mesoamerica
The City-State of Teotihuacán
The Maya City-State Network
The Passing of Mesoamerica's Classical Age
City and State Building in the Andean Region
States and Societies in the Coastal Lowlands
States and Societies in the Andean Highlands
Agrarian Societies in North America
Pueblo Societies in the Southwestern Deserts
Mound-Building Societies in the Eastern Woodlands
Habitat and Adaptation in the Pacific Islands
Polynesian Expansion
Subsistence and Survival in the Pacific Islands
COUNTERPOINT Social Complexity in Bougainville
Bougainville's Diverse Peoples
The Historical Roots of Social Difference

Conclusion | Review
Special Features
Reading the Past:
Maya Hero Twins Vanquish the Lords of the Underworld
Seeing the Past:
Images of Power in Tiwanaku Art
Lives and Livelihoods:
The North American Mound Builders

11. The Rise of Commerce in Afro-Eurasia 900-1300
Backstory
Agricultural Innovation and Diffusion
Retrenchment and Renewal in Europe and Byzantium
Agricultural Transformation in the Islamic World
Rice Economies in Monsoon Asia
Industrial Growth and the Money Economy
Technological Change and Industrial Enterprise
Expanding Circulation of Money
Credit and the Invention of Paper Money
Merchants and Trade Networks in Afro-Eurasia
Merchant Partnerships and Long-Distance Trade
Merchants and Rulers
Maritime Traders in the Indian Ocean
Trans-Saharan Traders
Mediterranean and European Traders
COUNTERPOINT Production, Tribute, and Trade in the Hawaiian Islands
Settlement and Agriculture
Exchange and Social Hierarchy

Conclusion | Review

Special Features
Seeing the Past:
Imitation and Innovation in Islamic Coinage
Reading the Past:
A Chinese Official's Reflections on Managing Family Property
Lives and Livelihoods:
The Mande Blacksmiths

12. Centers of Learning and the Transmission of Culture 900-1300
Backstory
Church and Universities in Latin Christendom
Monastic Learning and Culture
The Rise of Universities
Vernacular Language and Literature
Students and Scholars in Islamic Societies
The Rise of Mandrasas
Sufi Mysticism and Sunni Orthodoxy
Oral and Written Cultures in Islam
The Cosmopolitan and Vernacular Realms in India and Southeast Asia
The Cosmopolitan Realm of Sanscrit
Rival States and Regional Identity
Sufism and Society in the Delhi Sultanate
Learning, Schools, and Print Culture in East Asia
Civil Service Examinations and Schooling in Song China
The Culture of Print in Song China
Classical and Vernacular Traditions in East Asia
COUNTERPOINT Writing and Political Power in Mesoamerica
Mesoamerican Languages: Time, History, and Rulership
The Legacy of Mesoamerican Languages

Conclusion | Review

Special Features
Lives and Livelihoods:
Medical Professionals of Latin Christendom
Seeing the Past:
A Revolution in Islamic Calligraphy \
Reading the Past:
Lady Murasaki on Her Peers Among Women Writers

13. Crusaders, Mongols, and Eurasian Integration 1050-1350
Backstory
The Crusades and the Imperial Papacy 1050-1350
The Papal Monarchy
The Crusades 1095-1291
Papal Supremacy and the Christian People
The Making of Christian Euroep 1100-1350
The Reconquest of Spain 1085-1248
Christianizing Eastern Europe 1150-1350
The Mongol World-Empire 1100-1368
Rise of the Mongols
Creation and Division of the Mongol Empire 1206-1259
Qubilai Khan and the Yuan Empire in China 1260-1368
The Mongol Khanates and the Islamic World 1240-1350
Mongol Rule in Iran and Mesopotamia
The Golden Horde and the Rise of Muscovy
Retrenchment in the Islamic World: The Mamluk and Ottoman States
COUNTERPOINT The "New Knighthood" of the Christian Military Orders
The Templar Model and the Crusading Movement
The Teutonic Knights and Christian Expansion in Eastern Europe

Conclusion | Review

Special Features
Reading the Past:
A Muslim Courtier's Encounters with the Franks
Seeing the Past:
The Mappaemundi of Latin Christendom
Lives and Livelihoods:
Mongol Women in the Household Economy and Public Life

14. Collapse and Revival in Afro-Eurasia 1300-1450
Backstory
Fourteenth-Century Crisis and Renewal in Eurasia
The "Great Mortality": The Black Death of 1347-1350
Rebuilding Societies in Western Europe 1350-1492
Ming China and the New Order in East Asia 1368-1500
Islam's New Frontiers
Islamic Spiritual Ferment in Central Asia 1350-1500
Ottoman Expansion and the Fall of Constantinople 1353-1453
Commerce and Culture in Islamic West Africa
Advance of Islam Maritime Southeast Asia
The Global Bazaar
Economic Prosperity and Maritime Trade in Asia 1350-1450
China's Overseas Overture: The Voyages of Zheng He 1405-1433
Commerce and Culture in the Renaissance
COUNTERPOINT Age of the Samurai in Japan 1185-1450
"The Low Overturning the High"
The New Warrior Order

Conclusion | Review

Special Features
Reading the Past:
A Spanish Ambassador's Description of Samarkand
Lives and Livelihoods:
Urban Weavers in India
Seeing the Past:
Leonardo da Vinci's Virgin on the Rocks

Part 3: The Early Modern World, 1450-1750

15. Empires and Alternatives in the Americas 1430-1530
Backstory
Many Native Americas
Tributes of Blood: The Aztec Empire 1325-1521
Humble Origins, Imperial Ambitions
Enlarging and Supplying the Capital
Holy Terror: Aztec Rule, Religion, and Warfare
Daily Life Under the Aztecs
The Limits of Holy Terror
Tributes of Sweat: The Inca Empire 1430-1532
From Potato Farmers to Empire Builders
The Great Apparatus: Inca Expansion and Religion
Daily Life Under the Incas
The Great Apparatus Breaks Down
COUNTERPOINT The Peoples of North America's Eastern Woodland s 1450-1530

Conclusion | Review

Special Features
Seeing the Past:
An Aztec Map of Tenochtitlán
Lives and Livelihoods:
The Aztec Midwife
Reading the Past:
An Andean Creation Story

Notes
Bibliography
Art Credits
Text Credits
Index