The World of Music

Today's music appreciation student needs access to The World of Music. This popular text begins with the more familiar repertoire of American folk, religious, jazz, ethnic, and popular music before introducing students to music from around the globe and Western classical music. David Willoughby's friendly writing style and detailed listening guides help students hone their listening skills, investigate new cultures, and develop a solid foundation for a lifetime of musical appreciation.

Dr. David Willoughby is a graduate of Lebanon Valley College (PA), Miami University (OH), and the Eastman School of Music (NY). He is Professor Emeritus of Music at Eastern New Mexico University and former Dean of its College of Fine Arts. He has also served as Head of the Music Department at Susquehanna University in Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania. Active in The College Music Society, a national organization of college music teachers, Dr. Willoughby served as the Society’s president in 1987 and 1988. Prior to that, he was Board member for Music in General Studies (MGS) (1980-1985), a member of the Executive Committee (1986-1989), and director of four MGS summer workshops (1981-1984). Currently, he is Editor of the CMS Newsletter and serves on the Council of Past Presidents. Dr. Willoughby resides in Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania. He continues to play double bass and is still struggling with his golf game.

Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xv
About the Authors	p. xvii
Preparation for Listening	p. 2
Introducing the World of Music	p. 4
The Infinite Variety of Music: A Global Perspective	p. 6
The American Mainstream and Ethnic Diversity	p. 6
Music in Culture	p. 8
Music Labels: Help or Hindrance?	p. 10
Artists and Artistry	p. 11
The Business of Music	p. 12
Manufacturing and Merchandising	p. 13
Performance of Music	p. 13
Music Publishing and Copyright Laws	p. 14
Music in Advertising	p. 15
Music in the Community	p. 15
Summary	p. 16
The Nature of Music: Vocabulary for Listening and Understanding	p. 18
Definitions of Music	p. 20
Music as a Science	p. 20
Expressive and Functional Qualities of Music	p. 21
Music Is Sound and Silence	p. 21
Music Moves through Time	p. 21
Music Is an Art	p. 21
Music Is Universal	p. 22
Music Is a Means of Expression	p. 22
Music Can Be Functional	p. 22
Music Is a Changing Art	p. 23
The Creative, Performing, and Listening Experiences	p. 23
Participating in Active Listening	p. 25
The Elements of Music	p. 26
Melody	p. 27
Harmony	p. 28
Rhythm	p. 28
Loudness	p. 29
Tone Quality	p. 29
Interaction of the Elements	p. 30
To Create a Style: Musical Concepts	p. 30
Texture	p. 31
Genres and Forms	p. 31
Melodic Growth and Character	p. 32
Goals for Listening	p. 32
Summary	p. 39
Listening to American Music: Folk, Religious, Jazz, and Pop	p. 40
Folk Music Traditions	p. 42
Goals for Listening	p. 44
The Roots of Traditional Folk Music	p. 44
Types of Folk Music	p. 46
The Blues	p. 48
Folk Music: An Expanded View	p. 50
The Urban Folk Revival	p. 52
Urban Blues	p. 53
Summary	p. 55
Religious Music Traditions	p. 56
Goals for Listening	p. 58
The Roots of American Protestant Music	p. 58
Psalm Singing and Psalters	p. 58
Lining Out, Singing Schools, and the Shape-Note System	p. 58
Traditional Black Gospel Music	p. 62
White Gospel Music: Revival and Evangelical Hymns	p. 66
Popular Contemporary Styles	p. 68
Summary	p. 70
Jazz Styles	p. 72
Goals for Listening	p. 74
What Is Jazz?	p. 75
The Jazz Style	p. 76
The Feel of Swing	p. 76
Instruments	p. 77
Improvisation	p. 77
The Roots of Jazz	p. 78
Jazz Styles	p. 79
New Orleans and Chicago Jazz	p. 79
Stride and Boogie Woogie	p. 83
Swing and Big Band Jazz	p. 83
Bebop	p. 88
Cool Jazz, Hard Bop, Soul Jazz, and Free Jazz	p. 92
Modern Jazz, Fusion, and Smooth Jazz	p. 97
Summary	p. 99
Popular Music	p. 100
Goals for Listening	p. 102
The Definition and Scope of Popular Music	p. 102
Pre-Twentieth Century	p. 103
Twentieth Century and Beyond	p. 105
Tin Pan Alley	p. 106
Vaudeville	p. 106
Musicals	p. 107
Film	p. 108
Radio and Recordings	p. 109
Country Music	p. 111
Hillbilly	p. 111
Cowboy Songs and Western Swing	p. 112
Bluegrass	p. 114
The Nashville Sound	p. 115
Contemporary Country	p. 118
Early African American Influences	p. 120
Motown	p. 120
Gospel	p. 120
Rhythm and Blues	p. 121
Soul	p. 122
Contemporary Styles	p. 123
Rock	p. 123
Rap/Hip-Hop	p. 126
Other Genres	p. 128
Summary	p. 129
Listening to World Music	p. 130
Music of the Americas	p. 132
Goals for Listening	p. 134
Native American Music	p. 134
Style and Context	p. 135
Assimilation and Preservation	p. 136
Ethnic Music in the United States	p. 138
Reggae	p. 140
Latino Music	p. 140
Cajun and Zydeco Music	p. 146
Music of South America, Mexico, and the Caribbean	p. 148
Indigenous Folk Culture	p. 148
Musical Instruments	p. 148
Folk Songs and Dances	p. 148
Religious Influences	p. 151
Summary	p. 151
Music Beyond the Americans	p. 152
Goals for Listening	p. 154
Music in India	p. 154
Classical Music	p. 154
Popular Music	p. 157
Music in Japan	p. 157
The Performance Context	p. 157
Musical Genres	p. 158
Gagaku	p. 158
Kabuki	p. 159
Koto, Shakuhachi, and Shamisen	p. 159
Music in Sub-Saharan Africa	p. 161
Music in Context	p. 163
Instruments	p. 163
Rhythm	p. 164
Popular Music	p. 166
Music in Eastern Europe	p. 169
Indonesian Gamelan and Popular Music	p. 172
Jewish Music	p. 174
Cultural Context	p. 174
Liturgical Music	p. 175
Klezmer Music	p. 175
Celtic Music	p. 176
Instruments	p. 177
Artists	p. 177
Altan	p. 177
Clannad	p. 177
Solas	p. 178
The Chieftains	p. 178
Summary	p. 181
Listening to Western Classical Music	p. 182
Music to 1600	p. 184
Goals for Listening	p. 186
The Beginnings of Western Music (until 1450)	p. 186
Gregorian Chant	p. 187
Notation	p. 192
Polyphonic Music	p. 192
The Renaissance (1450-1600)	p. 193
Choral and Vocal Music	p. 194
Mass	p. 194
Motet	p. 198
Madrigal	p. 200
Instrumental Music	p. 203
The Reformation	p. 203
Featured Composers	p. 203
Josquin des Prez	p. 206
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina	p. 207
Giovanni Gabrieli	p. 208
Summary	p. 210
Music of the Baroque Period (1600-1750)	p. 212
Goals for Listening	p. 214
Musical Characteristics	p. 214
Texture	p. 214
Major-Minor Tonal System	p. 214
Continuo	p. 215
Word Painting	p. 215
Other Musical Characteristics	p. 215
Instruments	p. 217
Musical Forms and Genres	p. 217
Opera	p. 218
Orchestral Works	p. 218
Chamber Music	p. 221
Keyboard Works	p. 222
Choral Music	p. 224
Featured Composers	p. 225
Johann Sebastian Bach	p. 225
George Frideric Handel	p. 230
Other Notable Composers	p. 233
Summary	p. 233
Music of the Classic Period (1750-1820)	p. 234
Goals for Listening	p. 236
Musical Characteristics	p. 236
Instruments	p. 237
Genres	p. 237
Instrumental	p. 238
Vocal, Choral, and Opera	p. 238
Forms	p. 240
Sonata Form	p. 240
Theme and Variations	p. 244
Minuet and Trio	p. 244
Rondo	p. 246
Featured Composers	p. 246
Franz Joseph Haydn	p. 246
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart	p. 247
Ludwig van Beethoven	p. 249
Summary	p. 251
Music of the Romantic Period (Nineteenth Century)	p. 252
Goals for Listening	p. 254
Musical Characteristics	p. 254
Forms and Genres	p. 255
Instrumental Forms and Genres	p. 255
Opera and Ballet	p. 256
Keyboard Forms and Genres	p. 256
Songs	p. 257
Featured Composers	p. 257
Johannes Brahms	p. 259
Frédéric Chopin	p. 262
Felix Mendelssohn	p. 263
Franz Schubert	p. 264
Pyotr I'yich Tchaikovsky	p. 266
Giuseppe Verdi	p. 268
Richard Wagner	p. 269
Other Notable Composers	p. 269
Summary	p. 271
Music of the Twentieth Century	p. 272
Goals for Listening	p. 274
General Characteristics	p. 274
Stylistic Developments and Featured Composers	p. 275
Impressionism: Claude Debussy	p. 276
Experimental Music: Igor Stravinsky	p. 279
Atonal Music and Serialism: Arnold Schoenberg	p. 283
Electronic Music: Edgard Varése	p. 284
Chance Music: John Cage	p. 285
Nationalism: Béla Bartók	p. 286
Nationalism: Charles Ives and Aaron Copland	p. 287
Additional American Composers	p. 292
Amy Cheney Beach	p. 292
Ruth Crawford	p. 292
Ellen Taaffe Zwilich	p. 293
Ulysses Kay	p. 294
Henry Cowell	p. 294
George Gershwin	p. 294
William Grant Still	p. 296
Neoclassical Music	p. 296
Minimalism	p. 297
Traditional Sounds	p. 297
Summary	p. 299
A List of Recommended DVDs and Videos Supporting the Philosophy of The World of Music	p. 301
Classification of Instruments according to Methods of Tone Production	p. 305
Glossary	p. 315
Bibliography	p. 327
Credits	p. 329
Index	p. 331
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Summary

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