The World's First Railway System Enterprise, Competition, and Regulation on the Railway Network in Victorian Britain

The British railway network was a monument to Victorian private enterprise. Its masterpieces of civil engineering were emulated around the world. But its performance was controversial: praised for promoting a high density of lines, it was also criticised for wasteful duplication of routes. This is the first history of the British railway system written from a modern economic perspective. It uses conterfactual analysis to construct an alternaive network to represent the most efficient alternative rail network that could have been constructed given what was known at the time - the first time this has been done. It reveals how weaknesses in regulation and defects in government policy resulted in enormous inefficiency in the Victorian system that Britain lives with today. British railway companies developed into powerful regional monopolies, which then contested each other's territories. When denied access to existing lines in rival territories, they built duplicate lines instead. Plans for an integrated national system, sponsored by William Gladstone, were blocked by Members of Parliament because of a perceived conflict with the local interests they represented. Each town wanted more railways than its neighbours, and so too many lines were built. The costs of these surplus lines led ultimately to higher fares and freight charges, which impaired the performance of the economy. The book will be the definitive source of reference for those interested in the economic history of the British railway system. It makes use of a major new historical source, deposited railway plans, integrates transport and local history through its regional analysis of the railway system, and provides a comprehensive, classified bibliography.

Mark Casson is Professor of Economics at the University of Reading, Director of the Centre for Institutional Performance, Leverhulme Major Research Fellow in the Economics of Networks 2006-9), President of the Association of Business Historians (2007-9), and Chairman of the Business Enterprise Heritage Trust. His previous books include Information and Organization (1997), The Entrepreneur: An Economic Theory (new ed., 2003) and The Future of the Multinational Enterprise (with Peter Buckley) (new ed., 2004). He is co-editor of The Oxford Handbook of Entrepreneurship (OUP, 2006).

Preface and acknowledgements1. Introduction and Summary2. Railways in the Victorian Economy3. The Counterfactual Network4. Regional Comparisons5. Joint Lines6. Regulation7. Business Strategies and their Effects8. ConclusionsBibliographyAppendices1. Deposited plans2. Notes on the Local and Personal Acts tabulated in Chapter 23. Network geometry4. The Counterfactual Network: Route descriptions5. Analysis of Hubs6. Excerpts from the Counterfactual Timetable7. A Formal Model of Victorian Railway Regulation