The Biological Basis of Nursing: Cancer

In line with a number of new governmental initiatives, in the Department of Health has prioritised improving cancer treatment and research, and is providing greater resources for cancer care. Nurse and their colleagues are at the forefront of these changes.

William T. Blows is Lecturer in Applied Biological Sciences at St. Bartholomew's School of Nursing and Midwifery, City University, London.

List of figures

ix

List of tables

xiii

Preface

xiv

Cell biology and cancer

1

(32)

Introduction

2

(1)

The cell

2

(5)

The cell cycle and growth

7

(8)

Tissues of the body

15

(9)

The malignant cell

24

(4)

A classification of malignancy

28

(1)

Key points

29

(4)

The causes of cancer

33

(32)

Introduction

34

(1)

The hormones and genetics of growth and cancer

34

(11)

Environmental factors: carcinogens

45

(17)

Key points

62

(3)

Body defences against cancer

65

(28)

Introduction

66

(1)

The immune system

66

(15)

The chemical defences

81

(6)

Immunity and cancer

87

(3)

Key points

90

(3)

Blood and lymphatic cancers

93

(24)

The biology of blood

94

(4)

Bone marrow cancers

98

(6)

The lymphatic system

104

(3)

Lymphatic cancers

107

(1)

Nursing skills: stem cell treatment and blood transfusion

108

(5)

Key points

113

(4)

Cancers of the digestive tract

117

(32)

Introduction

118

(1)

The digestive system

118

(5)

Cancers of the mouth

123

(1)

Oesophageal cancer

124

(1)

Gastric cancer

125

(5)

Cancer of the small bowel

130

(1)

Cancer of the pancreas

131

(1)

Neoplasms of the colon and rectum

132

(9)

Nursing skills: surgery and stomas

141

(5)

Key points

146

(3)

Cancers of the respiratory and renal systems

149

(24)

Introduction

150

(1)

Nursing skills: carbon dioxide and oxygen administration

150

(5)

Laryngeal cancers

155

(2)

Cancer of the bronchus and the lung

157

(3)

The renal system

160

(5)

Cancer of the kidney

165

(2)

Bladder cancers

167

(3)

Key points

170

(3)

Cancers in women

173

(32)

Introduction: the oestrogens

174

(2)

The breasts and breast cancer

176

(14)

The ovaries and ovarian cancer

190

(7)

The female reproductive tract

197

(1)

Uterine and cervical cancer

198

(3)

Vaginal and vulval cancer

201

(2)

Key points

203

(2)

Male cancers

205

(20)

Introduction: the androgens

206

(1)

The male reproductive system

206

(5)

Prostate cancer

211

(3)

Testicular cancer

214

(3)

Penile cancer

217

(1)

Nursing skills: catheterisation

218

(3)

Key points

221

(4)

Metastases

225

(30)

Introduction: cell attachment

226

(3)

Metastases

229

(4)

The liver

233

(3)

Liver cancer

236

(5)

Lung secondary tumours

241

(1)

Bone cancer

241

(2)

The brain

243

(1)

Brain and intracranial cancer

244

(3)

Malignant melanoma

247

(3)

Key points

250

(5)

Pain and analgesia

255

(30)

Introduction

256

(1)

The neurophysiology of pain

256

(8)

Chronic pain in cancer

264

(1)

Nursing skills: pain assessment and monitoring

265

(4)

Pain in children

269

(1)

Nursing skills: drug management of pain

270

(10)

Key points

280

(5)

Nutrition and the cancer patient

285

(34)

Introduction

286

(1)

The elements of nutrition

286

(18)

Nursing skills: nutritional considerations in cancer care

304

(8)

Foods as a cause or prevention of cancer

312

(3)

Key points

315

(4)

The treatment of cancer

319

(28)

Introduction

320

(1)

Surgery

320

(2)

Chemotherapy

322

(8)

Nursing skills: the administration of cytotoxic drugs

330

(4)

Radiotherapy

334

(4)

Hormonal treatment and immunotherapy

338

(4)

Adjunct therapy

342

(1)

Prevention of cancer

343

(1)

Key points

344

(3)

Index

347

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The Biological Basis of Nursing: Cancer

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials