Bridging the Gap College Reading

For courses in Developmental Reading.
Builds on the skills for college reading success Bridging the Gap encourages students to build on their previous reading experience to develop strategies for the demands of college reading. The authors help students create schemata through numerous academic readings and videos, and ultimately build new “bridges” with text-to-text, text-to-world, and text-to-self connections.
At the same time, fundamentals are strengthened through comprehensive skill instruction, critical-thinking activities, dependable exercises and examples, vocabulary development, and abundant high-interest readings. Each chapter introduces a new strategy, provides short exercises, and then offers practice through longer textbook selections. A new sequencing of topics begins with subjects that are critical to college reading success.
Also available with MyReadingLab™ MyReadingLab is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program designed to work with this text to engage students and improve results. Within its structured environment, students practice what they learn, test their understanding, and pursue a personalized study plan that helps them develop their reading skills and promotes transference of those skills to college-level work. Full-length readings and assignments from the text are available in the etext version of MyReadingLab, strengthening the connection between the classroom and work done outside of class.

Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; MyReadingLab does not come packaged with this content. Students, if interested in purchasing this title with MyReadingLab, ask your instructor for the correct package ISBN and Course ID. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information.

If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MyReadingLab, search for:

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0134072766 / 9780134072760 Bridging the Gap: College Reading

Dr. LeeAnn Morris has more than 20 years of community college teaching experience and is committed to helping students achieve their college and career goals. She takes great satisfaction in continuing Brenda Smith’s legacy of excellence by shepherding Breaking Through: College Reading through its ninth and tenth editions and Bridging the Gap: College Reading through its tenth and soon-to-be-published eleventh editions.

LeeAnn is a Distinguished Faculty professor at San Jacinto College near Houston and has been honored there with the Outstanding Faculty Award. She served as chair of the College Preparatory Department and is delighted to return to the classroom fulltime this fall to teach two levels of integrated reading and writing courses.

LeeAnn is an avid reader and believer in the power and pleasure of lifelong reading. She has done extensive research on reading workshop approaches for college developmental reading students. She has witnessed the satisfaction and growth that come from reading often and widely and has incorporated the reading workshop concept into her teaching and into Breaking Through and Bridging the Gap.

1. Active Academic Reading What Is Active Academic Reading?

What Can We Learn From Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience?
BRAIN BOOSTER BRAIN BOOSTER: Are You Paying Attention?
Help Your Brain Absorb New Information

Poor Concentration: Causes and Cures

External Distractions Internal Distractions
BRAIN BOOSTER: Are You Curious? READER’S TIP: Improving Concentration READER’S TIP: Managing Electronic Communication

Is Reading Rate Important?

Varying Rate and Technique to Fit Purpose Rate Variations and Prior Knowledge
READER’S TIP: Efficient Reading: Adjusting Rate and Technique to Material and Purpose
What Is Your Baseline Reading Rate?
BRAIN BOOSTER: Music to Our Ears and to Our Brains
Habits for Faster Reading

Strategies for Reading Comprehension Tests

Plan for Success Before Taking a Test
BRAIN BOOSTER: Balance Memorization and Application in Test Preparation
During the Test After the Test
BRAIN BOOSTER: Turn Mistakes Into Successes
Recognize the Major Types of Comprehension Questions
READER’S TIP: Key Words in Essay Questions

Locus of Control

SUMMARY POINTS SELECTION 1 PSYCHOLOGY
“Are you Stalling? Win the Battle Against Procrastination!” from Samuel E. Wood, Ellen Green Wood, and Denise G. Boyd CONCEPT PREP FOR PSYCHOLOGY
SELECTION 2 HISTORY
“Home Front Workers, Rosie the Riveter, and Victory Girls” from Jacqueline Jones, et al. CONCEPT PREP FOR HISTORY
SELECTION 3 SCIENCE
“Is there Enough Earth for Everyone?” from Teresa Audesirk, Gerald Audesirk, and Bruce E. Byers VOCABULARY BOOSTER: OVER, UNDER, AROUND, AND THROUGH

2. Strategic Reading and Study What Is Strategic Reading?

Four Types of Readers The Stages of Reading

Stage 1: Strategies for Previewing

Signposts for Previewing
READER’S TIP: Ask Questions While Previewing
Preview to Activate Schemata
BRAIN BOOSTER: Schemata and Your Brain

Stage 2: Strategies for Integrating Knowledge While Reading

Integrating Ideas: How Do Good Readers Think? Metacognition
READER’S TIP: Using Thinking Strategies While Reading READER’S TIP: Developing Metacognition for Reading

Stage 3: Strategies for Recalling

Recalling Through Writing The Three Steps of Recalling
READER’S TIP: Thinking After Reading BRAIN BOOSTER: Use It to Remember It! SUMMARY POINTS SELECTION 1 HISTORY
“Madam C. J. Walker: Business Savvy to Generous Philanthropy” from America.gov Archive
SELECTION 2 HEALTH
“High-Risk Drinking and College Students” from Rebecca J. Donatelle and Patricia Ketchum
SELECTION 3 BUSINESS
“Toms Shoes: ‘Be the Change You Want to See in the World’” from Gary Armstrong and Philip Kotler CONCEPT PREP FOR BUSINESS VOCABULARY BOOSTER: THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE UGLY

3. Organizing Textbook Information for Study Get Organized for College Study

Building Knowledge Networks The Study Process Organizing Textbook Information
BRAIN BOOSTER: Exercise to Boost Brain Power

Annotating

Why Annotate?
READER’S TIP: How to Annotate
When to Annotate

Note Taking

When and How to Take Notes The Cornell Method
READER’S TIP: How to Take Notes: The Cornell Method
Outlining
READER’S TIP: Guidelines for Successful Outlining BRAIN BOOSTER: Sleep and Problem Solving
Mapping
READER’S TIP: How to Map SUMMARY POINTS SELECTION 1 BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS
“Watch Your Language!” from Gary Armstrong and Philip Kotler CONCEPT PREP FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND LANGUAGE
SELECTION 2 HEALTH
“Managing Stress in College” from Rebecca J. Donatelle

CONCEPT PREP FOR HEALTH
SELECTION 3 CRIMINAL JUSTICE
“Police DNA Collection Sparks Questions” from the Associated Press VOCABULARY BOOSTER: WHO’S WHO IN MEDICINE?

4. Vocabulary

Remembering New Words and Unlocking Meaning
Associate Words in Phrases Associate Words with Rhymes or Sounds
BRAIN BOOSTER: Use Your Senses to Make More Sense!
Associate Words With Images Seek Reinforcement Create Concept Cards Use Strategies to Unlock Meaning While Reading

Using Context Clues

Definition or Synonym Elaborating Details Examples Comparison Contrast Antonyms Limitations of Context Clues Multiple Meanings of a Word

Understanding the Structure of Words Using Word Reference Aids

Using a Dictionary Using a Glossary Using a Thesaurus
BRAIN BOOSTER: Meaning Matters!

Deepening Word Meaning

Exploring Word Origins Solving Analogies
READER’S TIP: Categories of Analogy Relationships
Studying Easily Confused Words
SUMMARY POINTS SELECTION 1 HEALTH
“Technology and Health” from Rebecca J. Donatelle VOCABULARY BOOSTER: WHAT’S IN, WHAT’S OUT? WHAT’S HOT, WHAT’S NOT?

5. Main Idea and Supporting Details Topics, Main Ideas, and Supporting Details

What Is a Topic? What Is a Main Idea? What Are Supporting Details? Distinguishing Topics, Main Ideas, and Details: A Closer Look

Strategies for Finding the Main Idea

Prior Knowledge and Constructing the Main Idea Identifying Main Ideas Among Sentences
READER’S TIP: Using Three Questions to Find the Main Idea
Questioning for the Main Idea

Stated Main Ideas

The Topic Sentence How Common Are Stated Main Ideas? Where Are Stated Main Ideas Located?

What Are Major and Minor Details?

READER’S TIP: Signals for Significance

Unstated Main Ideas

Unstated Main Ideas in Sentences Unstated Main Ideas in Paragraphs

Determining the Main Idea of Longer Selections

READER’S TIP: Getting the Main Idea of Longer Selections BRAIN BOOSTER: Brains Need the Right Amount of Sleep

Summary Writing: A Main Idea Skill

Why Summarize?
READER’S TIP: How to Summarize BRAIN BOOSTER: Chronic Stress and the Brain SUMMARY POINTS SELECTION 1 PSYCHOLOGY
“The Obedience Study” from Carole Wade, Carol Tavris, and Maryanne Garry
CONCEPT PREP FOR PSYCHOLOGY SELECTION 2 SHORT STORY
“On the Sidewalk, Bleeding” from Evan Hunter
CONCEPT PREP FOR LITERATURE SELECTION 3 CRIMINAL JUSTICE
“Fighting Violent Gang Crime with Math” from Stuart Wolpert
VOCABULARY BOOSTER: THE SUN, THE MOON, AND THE STARS

6. Patterns of Organization Textbook Organization: The Big Picture What Do Transitional Words Do?

Words That Signal Addition
Words That Signal Examples or Illustrations
Words That Signal Time or Sequence
Words That Signal Comparison
Words That Signal Contrast

READER’S TIP: Transitions and Their Functions
Words That Signal Cause and Effect

Patterns of Organization in Textbooks

BRAIN BOOSTER: Brains Like Patterns

Simple Listing Definition Description Time Order, Sequence, or Narration Comparison Contrast Comparison and Contrast Cause and Effect Classification Summary Location or Spatial Order Generalization and Example
READER’S TIP: Patterns of Organization and Signal Words

Clues to the Organizational Pattern

BRAIN BOOSTER: Watering the Brain

Mixed Organizational Patterns

SUMMARY POINTS SELECTION 1 COMMUNICATIONS
“Managing Conflict” from Joseph A. DeVito
SELECTION 2 HISTORY
“Barbara Johns Leads a Student Strike” from Clayborne Carson, et al.
CONCEPT PREP FOR ART HISTORY SELECTION 3 BUSINESS
“Why is Papa John’s Rolling in the Dough?” from Courtland L. Bovée, John V. Thrill, and Barbara E. Schatzman

VOCABULARY BOOSTER: CAN I GET THAT IN WRITING?

7. Inference What Is an Inference? What Is Required to Make a Reasonable Inference?

Implied Meaning in Humor
BRAIN BOOSTER: The Brain’s Pleasure Center and Learning

Connotative Language Euphemisms and Politically Correct Language Figurative Language

Idioms Similes Metaphors Hyperbole Personification Verbal Irony Figurative Language in Poetry

Clues to Making Logical Inferences

Inferences Based on Facts Inferences Based on the Voice of a Speaker or Narrator Inferences Based on Action and Description Inferences Based on Prior Knowledge
BRAIN BOOSTER: Boost Brain Power Through
Collaboration Expanding Prior Knowledge
READER’S TIP: Making Inferences

Drawing Conclusions

SUMMARY POINTS SELECTION 1 SHORT STORY
“A Dip in the Poole” from Bill Pronzini

CONCEPT PREP FOR PHILOSOPHY AND LITERATURE
SELECTION 2 PHILOSOPHY
“Coyote” from Robert S. Ellwood
SELECTION 3 PERSONAL NARRATIVE
“Fear the College Years” from John Corcoran CONCEPT PREP FOR POLITICAL SCIENCE VOCABULARY BOOSTER: SAY, WHAT?

8. Point of View What Is the Author’s Point of View?

Textbooks and the Author’s Point of View What Is Bias?
READER’S TIP: Questions to Uncover Bias
The Importance of the Reader’s Point of View
BRAIN BOOSTER: Male and Female Brains and Their Points of View

What Are Facts and Opinions? What Is the Author’s Purpose? What Is the Author’s Tone?

READER’S TIP: Recognizing an Author’s Tone
Using Tone and Other Clues to Determine the Point of View in Editorial Cartoons

SUMMARY POINTS SELECTION 1 PHILOSOPHY
“Decision” from Gary R. Kirby and Jeffery R. Goodpaster
SELECTION 2 SCIENCE
“Earth’s Changing Climate” from Teresa Audesirk, Gerald Audesirk, and Bruce E. Byers
SELECTION 3 PSYCHOLOGY
“Mental Disorder and Personal Responsibility” from Carole Wade, Carol Tavris, and Maryanne Garry VOCABULARY BOOSTER: LIGHTS, CAMERA, ACTION!

9. Graphic Illustrations What Graphics Do

READER’S TIP: How to Read Graphic Illustrations

Types of Graphic Illustrations

Diagrams Tables Maps Pie Graphs Bar Graphs Cumulative Bar Graphs Line Graphs Flowcharts

SUMMARY POINTS SELECTION 1 PERSONAL NARRATIVE
“Little Income, Big Debt: Managing Money in College” from Trent Hamm
SELECTION 2 SCIENCE
“The Risks and Benefits of Weight Loss Plans” from Jane B. Reece et al.
SELECTION 3 SOCIOLOGY
“People, Technology, and the Environment” from John J. Macionis VOCABULARY BOOSTER: PLAY IT AGAIN, SAM

10. Critical Thinking What Is Thinking?

What Is Analytical Thinking? What Is Critical Thinking? Critical Thinking Skills and College Goals
READER’S TIP: Four Habits of Effective Critical Thinkers
Barriers to Critical Thinking

Recognizing an Argument Steps in Analyzing and Evaluating an Argument

Step 1: Identify the Position on the Issue Step 2: Identify the Support in the Argument
READER’S TIP: Types of Support for Arguments
Step 3: Evaluate the Support Step 4: Evaluate the Argument

Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Applying the Four Steps of Critical Thinking

Explanation of the Four Steps

Creative and Critical Thinking

BRAIN BOOSTER: The Creative Brain SUMMARY POINTS

Themed Readings Technology, Crime, and Ethics

SELECTION 1 CRIMINAL JUSTICE
“High Technology and Criminal Opportunity” from Frank J. Schmalleger
SELECTION 2 CRIMINAL JUSTICE
“Fighting Crime with Technology” from Frank J. Schmalleger
SELECTION 3 ESSAY
“The Writer and the Troll” from Lindy West
VOCABULARY BOOSTER: FOREIGN TERMS

Glossary Credits Index Progress Chart for Reading Selections

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Bridging the Gap College Reading

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials