College Students in the United States

College Students in the United States accounts for contemporary and anticipated student demographics and enrollment patterns, a wide variety of campus environments and a range of outcomes including learning, development, and achievement. Throughout the book, the differing experiences, needs, and outcome of students across the range of "traditional" (18-24 years old, full-time students) and non-traditional (for example, adult and returning learners, veterans, recent immigrants) are highlighted. The book is organized, for use as a stand-alone resource, around Alexander Astin's Inputs-Environment-Outputs (I-E-O) framework.

Kristen A. Renn is an associate professor of higher, adult, & lifelong education at Michigan State University. She is a coauthor of Student Development in College: Theory, Research, and Practice, Second Edition (Jossey-Bass, 2010).

Robert D. Reason is an associate professor of student affairs and higher education at Iowa State University. He has written many journal articles and contributed chapters including such important texts as in Student Services: A Handbook for the Profession, 5th Edition (Jossey-Bass, 2010).

List of Figures and Tables vii

Preface ix

About the Authors xix

PART ONE: INPUTS 1

1 Characteristics of College Students in the United States 3

2 The College Choice Process 28

3 Student Enrollment Patterns 45

PART TWO: ENVIRONMENTS 61

4 Transition to College 63

5 College Environments 82

6 Approaches to College Student Development 114

7 College Student Development Theories: Cognitive, Moral, and Psychosocial Identities 134

PART THREE: OUTCOMES 171

8 Retention and Persistence 173

9 Student Outcomes 197

10 Serving College Students in the United States, Today and Tomorrow 229

References 237

Name Index 277

Subject Index 283

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College Students in the United States Characteristics, Experiences, and Outcomes

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials