COMPACT Literature Reading, Reacting, Writing

PART I: A GUIDE TO WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE. 1. Understanding Literature. Imaginative Literature. Conventional Themes. The Literary Canon. Luisa Valenzuela, "All about Suicide." Interpreting Literature. Robert Frost, "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening." Evaluating Literature. Using Literary Criticism. Checklist: Evaluating Literary Criticism. 2. Reading and Writing about Literature. Reading Literature. Checklist: Using Highlighting Symbols. Maya Angelou, "My Arkansas." Writing About Literature. Checklist: Using Sources. Checklist: Conventions of Writing about Literature. Exercise: Two Student Essays. 3. Approaching Assignments in Literature. Writing a Response. Checklist: Writing a Response Paper. Writing a Comparison-Contrast Essay. Writing an Explication. Checklist: Writing an Explication. Writing a Character Analysis. Checklist: Writing a Character Analysis. Writing about a Work's Cultural Context. Checklist: Writing about a Work's Cultural Contrast. 4. Thinking Critically about Your Writing. Distinguishing Fact from Opinion. Evaluating Supporting Evidence. Detecting Bias in Your Writing. Checklist: Detecting Bias. Understanding Logic. 5. Writing Literary Arguments. Planning a Literary Argument. Checklist: Developing an Argument Thesis. Using Evidence Effectively. Organizing a Literary Argument. 6. Using Sources in Your Writing. Choosing a Topic. Doing Exploratory Research. Narrowing your Topic. Doing Focused Research. Checklist: Evaluating Library Resources. Checklist: Evaluating Web Sites. Taking Notes. Integrating Sources. Developing a Thesis Statement. Constructing a Formal Outline. Drafting Your Essay. Model Essay with MLA Documentation. 7. Documenting Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism. Avoiding Plagiarism. Checklist: Avoiding Unintentional Plagiarism. Documenting Sources. Checklist: Guidelines for Punctuating Parenthetical References. 8. Writing Essay Exams about Literature. Planning an Essay Exam Answer. Drafting and Revising an Essay Exam Answer. PART II: FICTION. 9. Understanding Fiction. Origins of Modern Fiction. Defining the Short Story. Ernest Hemingway, "Hills Like White Elephants." The Boundaries of Fiction. 10. Fiction Sampler: the Short-Short Story. Julia Alvarez, "Snow." Amanda Brown, "Love and Other Catastrophes: A Mix Tape." Lydia Davis, "Television." Dave Eggers, "Accident." Bret Anthony Johnston, "Encounters with Unexpected Animals." Stephen Graham Jones, "Discovering America." Jamaica Kincaid, "Girl." Ed Park, "Slides to Unlock." George Saunders, "Sticks." 11. Fiction Sampler: Graphic Fiction. Max Brooks, from "The Harlem Hellfighters." Marjane Satrapi, from "Persepolis." Art Spiegelman, from "Maus." Gene Luen Yang, from "American Born Chinese." 12. Reading and Writing about Fiction. Reading Fiction. Alberto Alvaro Rios, "The Secret Lion." Writing about Fiction. 13. Plot. Conflict. Stages of Plot. Order and Sequence. Checklist: Writing about Plot. Kate Chopin, "The Story of an Hour." Neil Gaiman, "How to Talk to Girls at Parties." William Faulkner, "A Rose for Emily." Dick Pothier and Thomas J. Gibbons Jr., "A Woman's Wintry Death Leads to a Long-Dead Friend." 14. Character. Round and Flat Characters. Dynamic and Static Characters. Motivation. Checklist: Writing about Character. John Updike, "A&P." Katherine Mansfield, "Miss Brill." Charles Baxter, "Gryphon." Zadie Smith, "The Girl with Bangs." 15. Setting. Historical Setting. Geographical Settings. Physical Settings. Checklist: Writing about Setting. Kate Chopin, "The Storm." Sherman J. Alexie, "This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona." Tillie Olsen, "I Stand Here Ironing." 16. Point of View. First-Person Narrators. Third-Person Narrators. Selecting an Appropriate Point of View. Checklist: Selecting an Appropriate Point of View: Review. Checklist: Writing about Point of View. Richard Wright, "Big Black Good Man." Edgar Allan Poe, "The Cask of Amontillado." William Faulkner, "Barn Burning." Edwidge Danticat, "New York Day Women." 17. Style, Tone, and Language. Style and Tone. The Uses of Language. Formal and Informal Diction. Imagery. Figures of Speech. Checklist: Writing about Style, Tone, and Language. James Joyce, Araby. (Mary) Flannery O'Connor, "A Good Man Is Hard to Find." Tim O'Brien, The Things They Carried. 18. Symbol, Allegory, and Myth. Symbol. Allegory. Myth. Checklist: Writing about Symbol, Allegory, and Myth. Shirley Jackson, "The Lottery." Alice Walker, "Everyday Use." Raymond Carver, "Cathedral." Nathaniel Hawthorne, "Young Goodman Brown." 19. Theme. Interpreting Themes. Identifying Themes. Checklist: Writing about Theme. Eudora Welty, "A Worn Path." David Michael Kaplan, "Doe Season." D(avid) H(erbert) Lawrence, "The Rocking-Horse Winner." Robert Huff, "Rainbow." 20. Joyce Carol Oates's "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?" A Casebook for Reading, Research, and Writing. About the Author. Story: Joyce Carol Oates, "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?" Reading and Reacting. Sources. Joyce Carol Oates, "When Characters from the Page Are Made Flesh on the Screen." Bob Dylan, "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue." Anonymous, "The Pied Piper of Hamelin." Charles Perrault, "Little Red Riding Hood." A. R. Coulthard, Joyce Carol Oates's "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?" as Pure Realism." Larry Rubin, "Oates's "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?" Laura Kalpakian, from a review of "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Selected Early Stories." Peter Dickinson, from "Riding in Cars with Boys: Reconsidering Smooth Talk." Topics for Further Research. 21. Fiction for Further Reading. Chinua Achebe, "Dead Man's Path." Margaret Atwood, "Happy Endings." James Baldwin, "Sonny's Blues." T. Coraghessan Boyle, "Greasy Lake." Junot Diaz, "No Face." James Franco, "Halloween." Gabriel Garcia Marquez, "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings." M. K. Hobson, "Oaks Park." Ha Jin, "The Bane of the Internet." Franz Kafka, "A Hunger Artist." Lorrie Moore, "Referential." Joyce Carol Oates, "Heat." Flannery O'Connor, "Everything That Rises Must Converge." Edgar Allan Poe, "The Tell-Tale Heart." Katherine Anne Porter, "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall." John Steinbeck, "The Chrysanthemums." Amy Tan, "Two Kinds." PART III: POETRY. 22. Understanding Poetry. Marianne Moore, "Poetry." Pamela Spiro Wagner, "How to Read a Poem: Beginner's Manual." Origins of Modern Poetry. Defining Poetry. William Shakespeare, "That time of year thou mayst in me behold." E.E. Cummings, "l(a)." Recognizing Kinds of Poetry. 23. Reading and Writing about Poetry. Reading Poetry. Robert Hayden, "Those Winter Sundays." Seamus Heaney, "Digging." Writing about Poetry. 24. Voice. Emily Dickinson, "I'm nobody! Who are you?." The Speaker in the Poem. Louise Gluck, "Gretel in Darkness." Langston Hughes, "Negro." Robert Browning, "My Last Duchess." Further Reading: The Speaker in the Poem. Leslie Marmon Silko, "Where Mountain Lion Lay Down with Deer." Janice Mirikitani, "Suicide Note." Rafael Campo, "My Voice." The Tone of the Poem. Robert Frost, "Fire and Ice." Thomas Hardy, "The Man He Killed." Amy Lowell, "Patterns." Further Reading: The Tone of the Poem. William Wordsworth, "The World Is Too Much with Us." Sylvia Plath, "Morning Song." Robert Herrick, "To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time." Irony. Robert Browning, "Porphyria's Lover." Percy Bysshe Shelley, "Ozymandias." Further Reading: Irony. Sherman Alexie, "Evolution." Anne Sexton, "Cinderella." Sandra M. Castillo, "Castro Moves into the Havana Hilton." Agha Shahid Ali, "The Wolf's Postscript to 'Little Red Riding Hood'". Dudley Randall, "Ballad of Birmingham." Wislawa Szymborska, "Hitler's First Photograph." Checklist: Writing about Voice. 25. Word Choice, Word Order. Bob Holman, "Beautiful." Word Choice. Walt Whitman, "When I heard the Learn'd Astronomer." Further Reading: Word Choice. Rhina Espaillat, "Bilingual/Bilingue." Adrienne Rich, "Living in Sin." E.E. Cummings, "in Just-." Francisco X. Alarcon, "'Mexican' Is Not a Noun." Levels of Diction. Margaret Atwood, "The City Planners." Jim Sagel, "Baca Grande." Further Reading: Levels of Diction. Andrienne Su, "The English Canon." Mark Halliday, "The Value of Education." Paul Laurence Dunbar, "We Wear the Mask." Gwendolyn Brooks, "We Real Cool." Gwendolyn Brooks, "What Shall I Give My Children?" Word Order. Edmund Spenser, "One day I wrote her name upon the strand." E.E. Cummings, "anyone lived in a pretty how town." Further Reading: Word Order. A.E. Housman, "To an Athlete Dying Young." Charles Jensen, "Poem in Which Words Have Been Left Out". Checklist: Writing about Word Choice and Word Order. 25. Imagery. Jane Flanders, "Cloud Painter." William Carlos Williams, "Red Wheelbarrow." Ezra Pound, "In a Station of the Metro." Gary Snyder, "Some Good Things to Be Said for the Iron Age." William Carlos Williams, "The Great Figure." Further Reading: Imagery. David Trinidad, "Comanche Ave." Fernando Pessoa, "Solemnly Over the Fertile Land." F. J. Bergmann," An Apology." Hart Crane, "Echoes." Lola Ridge, "Wall Street at Night." Eavan Boland, "This Moment." Robert Frost, "Nothing Gold Can Stay." Jean Toomer, "Reapers." Kobayashi Issa, "Haiku." N. Scott Momaday, "Long Shadows at Dulce." Sonia Sanchez, "Haiku." Frederick Morgan, "The Busses." William Shakespeare, "My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun." Octavio Paz, "Daybreak." Octavio Paz, "Nightfall." Checklist: Writing about Imagery. 26. Figures of Speech. William Shakespeare, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" Simile, Metaphor, and Personification. Langston Hughes, "Harlem." Lawrence Ferlinghetti, "Constantly Risking Absurdity." Audre Lorde, "Rooming houses are old women." Further Reading: Simile, Metaphor, and Personification. Robert Burns, "Oh, my love is like a red, red rose." N. Scott Momaday, "Simile." Sylvia Plath, "Metaphors." John Updike, "Ex-Basketball Player". Randall Jarrell, "The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner." Marge Piercy, "The Secretary Chant." John Donne, "A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning." Hyperbole and Understatement. Sylvia Plath, "Daddy." Edna St. Vincent Millay, "If I should learn, in some quite casual way." Further Reading: Hyperbole and Understatement. Anne Bradstreet, "To My Dear and Loving Husband." Andrew Marvell, "To His Coy Mistress." Robert Frost, "Out, Out--." Countee Cullen, "Incident." Margaret Atwood, "You fit into me." Metonymy and Synecdoche. Richard Lovelace, "To Lucasta Going to the Wars." Further Reading: Metonymy and Synecdoche. Dylan Thomas, "The Hand That Signed the Paper." Apostrophe. Nancy Mercado, "Going to work." Further Reading: Apostrophe. John Keats, "Ode to a Nightingale." Allen Ginsberg, "A Supermarket in California." Checklist: Writing about Figures of Speech. 27. Sound. Walt Whitman, "Had I the Choice." Rhythm. Gwendolyn Brooks, "Sadie and Maud." Meter. Emily Dickinson, "I like to see it lap the Miles--." Further Reading: Rhythm and Meter. Adrienne Rich, "Aunt Jennifer's Tigers." Thomas Lux, "A Little Tooth." Lewis Carroll, "A Boat beneath a Sunny Sky." Alliteration and Assonance. N. Scott Momaday, "Comparatives." Robert Herrick, "Delight in Disorder." Rhyme. Robert Frost, "The Road Not Taken." Further Reader: Alliteration, Assonance, and Rhyme. Gerard Manley Hopkins, "Pied Beauty." Shel Silverstein, "Where the Sidewalk Ends." Jacob Saenz, "Evolution of My Block." Lewis Carroll, "Jabberwocky." Checklist: Writing about Sound. 28. Form. John Keats, "On the Sonnet." Billy Collins, Sonnet. Closed Form. William Shakespeare, "When, in disgrace with Fortune and men's eyes." Further Reading: The Sonnet. John Keats, "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer." Edna St. Vincent Millay, "Love is not all." Lynn Aarti Chandhok, "The Carpet Factory." Gwendolyn Brooks, "First Fight. Then Fiddle." Rhina P. Espaillat, "Find Work". Alberto Alvaro Rios, "Nani." Further Reading: The Sestina. Elizabeth Bishop, "Sestina." Patricia Smith, "Ethel's Sestina." Theodore Roethke, "The Waking." Deborah Paredez, "Wife's Manual Disaster." Further Reading: The Epigram. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, "What Is an Epigram?" Dorothy Parker, "News Item." Carol Ann Duffy, "Mrs. Darwin." Martin Espada, "Why I Went to College." A.R. Ammons, "Both Ways." Further Reading: Haiku. Matsuo Basho, "Four Haiku." Jack Kerouac, "American Haiku," Open Form. Carl Sandburg, "Chicago." E. E. Cummings, "the sky was can dy." Further Reading: Open Form. Walt Whitman, from "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking." William Carlos Williams, "Spring and All." Richard Blanco, "Mexican Almuerzo in New England." Claire Lee, "Living in Numbers." Concrete Poetry. May Swenson, Women. Further Reading: Concrete Poetry. George Herbert, Easter Wings. John Hollander, "Skeleton Key." Checklist: Writing about Form. May Swenson, "Women Should Be Pedestals." 29. Symbol, Allegory, Allusion, Myth. William Blake, "The Sick Rose." Symbol. Robert Frost, "For Once, Then, Something." Emily Dickinson, "Volcanoes be in Sicily." Further Reading: Symbol. Edgar Allan Poe, "The Raven." Virgil Suarez, "Isla." Allegory. Christina Rossetti, "Uphill." Further Reading: Allegory. Carl Dennis, "At the Border." Allusion. William Meredith, "Dreams of Suicide." Further Reading: Allusion. Billy Collins, "Aristotle." R. S. Gwynn, "Shakespearean Sonnet." Myth. Countee Cullen, "Yet Do I Marvel." Further Reading: Myth. May Swenson, "The Centaur." William Butler Yeats, "Leda and the Swan." W.H. Auden, "Musee des Beaux Arts." T.S. Eliot, "Journey of the Magi." Checklist: Writing about Symbol, Allegory, Allusion, Myth. 30. Discovering Themes in Poetry. Robert Herrick, "The Argument of His Book." Poems about Parents. Theodore Roethke, "My Papa's Waltz." Robert Hayden, "Those Winter Sundays." Julia Alvarez, "Dusting." Seamus Heaney, "Digging." Judith Ortiz Cofer, "My Father in the Navy: A Childhood Memory." Mitsuye Yamada, "The Night Before Goodbye." Richard Blanco, "Papa's Bridge." Andrew Hudgins, "Elegy for My Father, Who Is Not Dead." Adrienne Rich, "A Woman Mourned by Daughters." Dylan Thomas, "Do not go gentle into that good night." Poems about Nature. William Wordsworth, "I wandered lonely as a cloud." Gerard Manley Hopkins, "The Windhover." A.E. Housman, "Loveliest of Trees." Carl Sandburg, "Fog." Carl Sandburg, "Autumn Movement." Robert Frost, "Birches." Denise Levertov, "Living." Poems about Love. Robert Browning, "Meeting at Night." Robert Browning, "Parting at Morning." Elizabeth Barrett Browning, "How Do I Love Thee?" Edna St. Vincent Millay, "What lips my lips have kissed." Jehanne Dubrow, "Before the Deployment." Leigh Hunt," Jenny Kissed Me." Dorothy Parker, "General Review of the Sex Situation." Tupac Shakur, "Love Is Just Complicated." Poems about War. Wilfred Owen, "Dulce et Decorum Est." Siegfried Sassoon, "Atrocities." Rupert Brooke, "The Soldier." John McCrae, "In Flanders Fields." Radiohead, "Harry Patch (in Memory of)." Henry Reed, "Naming of Parts." W.H. Auden, from "In Time of War." Yusef Komunyakaa, "Facing It." David Hernandez, "Mosul." Richard Wilbur, "Terza Rima." Wislawa Szymborska, "The End and the Beginning." 31. The Poetry of Langston Hughes: A Casebook for Reading, Research, and Writing. About the Author. Poems. "The Negro Speaks of Rivers." "Dream Variations." "The Weary Blues". "I, Too." "Song for a Dark Girl." "Ballad of the Landlord." "Theme for English B." "Dream Boogie." "Birmingham Sunday (September 15, 1963)." "Old Walt." "Lenox Avenue: Midnight." "Un-American Investigators"." Dinner Guest: Me." "Ballad of Booker T." Reading and Reacting. Sources. Langston Hughes, from "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain." Langston Hughes, "To Negro Writers." Langston Hughes, from "My Adventures as a Social Poet." Arnold Rampersad, from "The Origins of Poetry in Langston Hughes." Poetry Foundation, from "About Langston Hughes." Rick Brown, "Bitter Jazz in Langston Hughes's 'Dream Boogie.'" Karen Jackson Ford, from "Do Right to Write Right: Langston Hughes's Aesthetics of Simplicity." George B. Hutchinson, from "Langston Hughes and the 'Other' Whitman." Yusef Yomunyakaa, from "Langston Hughes + Poetry = The Blues." Topics for Further Research. 32. Poetry for Further Reading. Sherman J. Alexie, "Defending Walt Whitman." Anonymous, "Bonny Barbara Allan." Anonymous, "Go Down, Moses." Matthew Arnold, "Dover Beach." Elizabeth Bishop, "The Fish." Elizabeth Bishop, "One Art." William Blake, "The Chimney Sweeper." William Blake, "The Lamb." William Blake, "London." William Blake, "To see a World in a Grain of Sand." William Blake, "The Tyger." Elizabeth Bradfield, "Why They Went." Anne Bradstreet, "The Author to Her Book." Gwendolyn Brooks, "The Chicago Defender Sends a Man to Little Rock." Gwendolyn Brooks, "Medgar Evers." Charles Bukowski, "so you want to be a writer?" George Gordon, Lord Byron, "She Walks in Beauty." Judith Ortiz Cofer, "Lessons of the Past." Samuel Taylor Coleridge, "Kubla Khan." Billy Collins, "Introduction to Poetry." Bill Coyle, "Aubade." E.E. Cummings, "Buffalo Bill's." E.E. Cummings, next to of course god america i. Jim Daniels, Short-Order Cook. Emily Dickinson, "After great pain, a formal feeling comes--." Emily Dickinson, "Because I could not stop for Death--." Emily Dickinson, "'Faith'" is a fine invention." Emily Dickinson, "'Hope' is the thing with feathers--." Emily Dickinson, "I dwell in Possibility." Emily Dickinson, "I heard a Fly buzz--when I died--." Emily Dickinson, "I never saw a Moor--." Emily Dickinson, "I taste a liquor never brewed--." Emily Dickinson, "Much Madness is divinest Sense--." Emily Dickinson, "My Life had stood--a Loaded Gun." Emily Dickinson, "The Soul selects her own Society--." Emily Dickinson, "Success is counted sweetest". Emily Dickinson, "Tell all the Truth but tell it slant--." Emily Dickinson, "There is no Frigate like a Book." Emily Dickinson, "There's a certain Slant of light." Emily Dickinson, "This is a letter to the World." Emily Dickinson, "Wild Nights--Wild Nights!." John Donne, "Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God." John Donne, "Death Be Not Proud." John Donne, "The Flea." Rita Dove, "Flash Cards." Denise Duhamel, "Buddhist Barbie." T.S. Eliot, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock." James A. Emanuel, "Emmett Till." Louise Erdrich, "Indian Boarding School: The Runaways." Martin Espada, "The Community College Revises Its Curriculum in Response to Changing Demographics." Robert Frost, "Acquainted with the Night." Robert Frost, "Design." Robert Frost, "Mending Wall." Richard Garcia, "Why I Left the Church." Thomas Hardy, "The Convergence of the Twain." Seamus Heaney, "Mid-Term Break." William Ernest Henley, "Invictus." Gerard Manley Hopkins, "God's Grandeur." A.E. Housman, "When I Was One-and-Twenty." Donald Justice, "Men at Forty." John Keats, "La Belle Dame sans Merci: A Ballad." John Keats, "Ode on a Grecian Urn." John Keats, "When I Have Fears." David Keplinger, "Wave." Steve Kowit, "The Grammar Lesson." Lam Thi My Da, "Bomb Crater Sky." Philip Larkin, "The Explosion." Li-Young Lee, From Blossoms. Robert Lowell, "The Public Garden." Robert Lowell, "Skunk Hour." Archibald Macleish "Ars Poetica." Christopher Marlowe, "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love." Claude McKay, "If We Must Die." John Milton, "When I consider how my light is spent." Pat Mora, "La Migra." Pablo Neruda, "Tonight I Can Write." Pablo Neruda, "The United Fruit Co." Sharon Olds, "The One Girl at the Boys' Party." Linda Pastan, "Ethics." Marge Piercy, "Barbie Doll." Sir Walter Raleigh, "The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd." Edwin Arlington Robinson, "Miniver Cheevy". Edwin Arlington Robinson, "Richard Cory." Cynthia Rylant, "God Went to Beauty School." William Shakespeare, "Let me not to the marriage of true minds." William Shakespeare, "Not marble, nor the gilded monuments." Percy Bysshe Shelley, "Ode to the West Wind." Stevie Smith, "Not Waving but Drowning." Wole Soyinka, "Hamlet." Wallace Stevens, "Anecdote of the Jar." Wallace Stevens, "The Emperor of Ice-Cream." Alfred, Lord Tennyson, "The Eagle." Alfred, Lord Tennyson, "Ulysses." Dylan Thomas, "Fern Hill." Ko Un, "In the old days a poet once said." Phillis Wheatley, "On Being Brought from Africa to America." Walt Whitman, "I Hear America Singing." Walt Whitman, "A Noiseless Patient Spider." Walt Whitman, from "Song of Myself." William Wordsworth, "Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802." William Wordsworth, "London, 1802." William Wordsworth, "My heart leaps up when I behold." William Butler Yeats, "Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop." William Butler Yeats, "The Lake Isle of Innisfree." William Butler Yeats, "Sailing to Byzantium." William Butler Yeats, "The Second Coming." Kevin Young, "Song of Smoke." 33. Poetry Sampler: Poetry and Art. Rita Dove, "Sonnet in Primary Colors." Jane Flanders, "Van Gogh's Bed." Allen Ginsberg, "Cezanne's Ports." Robert Hayden, "Monet's 'Waterlilies.'." Linda Pastan, "Edward Hopper, Untitled." Anne Sexton, "The Starry Night." Cathy Song, "Girl Powdering Her Neck." PART IV: DRAMA. 34. Understanding Drama. Dramatic Literature. Origins of Modern Drama. Tragedy and Comedy. Defining Drama. Anton Chekhov, "The Brute." A Note on Translations. Recognizing Kinds of Drama. 35. Drama Sampler: Ten-Minute Plays. Steven Korbar, "What Are You Going to Be?" Jane Martin, "Beauty." Kimberly Pau, "Magic 8 Ball." Harold Pinter, "Applicant." Earl T. Roske, "Zombie Love." 36. Reading and Writing about Drama. Reading Drama. Writing about Drama. Revising and Editing an Essay. 37. Plot. Plot Structure. Plot Development. Checklist: Writing about Plot. David Ives, "The Blizzard." Warren Leight, "Nine Ten." Henrik Ibsen, "A Doll House." 38. Character. Characters' Words. Characters' Actions. Stage Directions. Actors' Interpretations. Checklist: Writing about Character. Paul Dooley and Winnie Holzman, "Post-its." David Auburn, "Proof." Arthur Miller, "Death of a Salesman." William Shakespeare, "Hamlet." 39. Staging. Stage Directions. The Uses of Staging. A Final Note. Checklist: Writing about Staging. Michael Salomon, "The Date." Milcha Sanchez-Scott, "The Cuban Swimmer." Sophocles, "Oedipus the King." 40. Theme. Titles. Conflicts. Dialogue. Characters. Staging. A Final Note. Checklist: Writing about Theme. Jeni Mahoney, "Come Rain or Come Shine." Sophocles, "Antigone.> August Wilson, "Fences." 41. Susan Glaspell's "Trifles:" A Casebook for Reading, Research, and Writing. About the Author. Play: Susan Glaspell, "Trifles." Reading and Reacting. Sources. Linda Ben-Zvi, from "'Murder, She Wrote:' The Genesis of Susan Glaspell's Trifles." Susan Glaspell, "Surrounded by Mystery: Murder of John Hossack Was Not for Money." Anonymous, "Wife Charged with Murder." Susan Glaspell, "Surprise Is Expected. Rumored Developments in Hossack Murder Case." Susan Glaspell, "A Jury of Her Peers." Suzy Clarkson Holstein, from "Silent Justice in a Different Key: Glaspell's Trifles." Leonard Mustazza, "Generic Translation and Thematic Shift in Susan Glaspell's Trifles and 'A Jury of Her Peers.'" Lillian Schanfield, from "The Case of the Battered Wife: Susan Glaspell's Trifles and 'A Jury of Her Peers.'" Judith Kay Russell, "Glaspell's" Trifles. Topics for Further Research. Appendix.