Design Patterns Elements of Reusable

Capturing the wealth of experience about the design of object-oriented software, these four top-notch authors show how object-oriented systems exhibit recurring patterns and structures of objects that solve particular design problems, allowing designers to reuse successful designs and architectures without having to rediscover the design solutions. Central to this book is a catalog of 23 design patterns that have seen successful practical application and are representative of good object-oriented design. Each pattern describes the circumstances in which it is applicable, when it can be applied in view of other design constraints, and the consequences and tradeoffs of using the pattern in a larger design. Finally, every pattern includes code that shows how it may be implemented in object-oriented programming languages like C++ and Smalltalk.

Dr. Erich Gamma is technical director at the Software Technology Center of Object Technology International in Zurich, Switzerland. Dr. Richard Helm is a member of the Object Technology Practice Group in the IBM Consulting Group in Sydney, Australia. Dr. Ralph Johnson is a faculty member at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Computer Science Department.

John Vlissides is a member of the research staff at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center in Hawthorne, New York. He has practiced object-oriented technology for more than a decade as a designer, implementer, researcher, lecturer, and consultant. In addition to co-authoring Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software, he is co-editor of the book Pattern Languages of Program Design 2 (both from Addison-Wesley). He and the other co-authors of Design Patterns are recipients of the 1998 Dr. Dobb's Journal Excellence in Programming Award.

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Preface

xi

(2)

Foreword

xiii

(2)

Guide to Readers

xv

1 Introduction

1

(32)

1.1 What Is a Design Pattern?

2

(2)

1.2 Design Patterns in Smalltalk MVC

4

(2)

1.3 Describing Design Patterns

6

(2)

1.4 The Catalog of Design Patterns

8

(1)

1.5 Organizing the Catalog

9

(2)

1.6 How Design Patterns Solve Design Problems

11

(17)

1.7 How to Select a Design Pattern

28

(1)

1.8 How to Use a Design Pattern

29

(4)

2 A Case Study: Designing a Document Editor

33

(46)

2.1 Design Problems

33

(2)

2.2 Document Structure

35

(5)

2.3 Formatting

40

(3)

2.4 Embellishing the User Interface

43

(4)

2.5 Supporting Multiple Look-and-Feel Standards

47

(4)

2.6 Supporting Multiple Window Systems

51

(7)

2.7 User Operations

58

(6)

2.8 Spelling Checking and Hyphenation

64

(12)

2.9 Summary

76

(3)

Design Pattern Catalog

79

(280)

3 Creational Patterns

81

(54)

Abstract Factory

87

(10)

Builder

97

(10)

Factory Method

107

(10)

Prototype

117

(10)

Singleton

127

(8)

Discussion of Creational Patterns

135

(2)

4 Structural Patterns

137

(82)

Adapter

139

(12)

Bridge

151

(12)

Composite

163

(12)

Decorator

175

(10)

Facade

185

(10)

Flyweight

195

(12)

Proxy

207

(12)

Discussion of Structural Patterns

219

(2)

5 Behavioral Patterns

221

(124)

Chain of Responsibility

223

(10)

Command

233

(10)

Interpreter

243

(14)

Iterator

257

(16)

Mediator

273

(10)

Memento

283

(10)

Observer

293

(12)

State

305

(10)

Strategy

315

(10)

Template Method

325

(6)

Visitor

331

(14)

Discussion of Behavioral Patterns

345

(6)

6 Conclusion

351

(8)

6.1 What to Expect from Design Patterns

351

(4)

6.2 A Brief History

355

(1)

6.3 The Pattern Community

356

(2)

6.4 An Invitation

358

(1)

6.5 A Parting Thought

358

(1)

A Glossary

359

(4)

B Guide to Notation

363

(6)

B.1 Class Diagram

363

(1)

B.2 Object Diagram

364

(2)

B.3 Interaction Diagram

366

(3)

C Foundation Classes

369

(6)

C.1 List

369

(3)

C.2 Iterator

372

(1)

C.3 ListIterator

372

(1)

C.4 Point

373

(1)

C.5 Rect

374

(1)

Bibliography

375

(8)

Index

383

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Design Patterns Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials