Forest and Stream Management in the Oregon Coast Range

, by Hobbs, Stephen D.; Hayes, John P.; Johnson, Rebecca L.; Reeves, Gordon H.; Spies, Thomas A.

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ISBN: 9780870715440 | 0870715445
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 9/1/2002

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This major volume presents a wealth of fundamental and applied research on managing Coast Range forest and stream ecosystems. Written primarily for managers and resource specialists, the book will also appeal to policymakers, resource scientists, forest landowners, the conservation community, and students interested in forestry, fisheries, and wildlife sciences.

Acknowledgments

The Authors

xii

Introduction

(6)

Stephen D. Hobbs

Thomas A. Spies

A Wealth of New Information

(1)

Overview of the Oregon Coast Range

(2)

Choices

(1)

Key Principles

(2)

Literature Cited

(1)

Forest and Stream Management in the Oregon Coast Range: Socioeconomic and Policy Interactions

(24)

Rebecca L. Johnson

George Stankey

Introduction

(4)

Shifting conceptions of forest resources

(1)

The social acceptability of forest practices and conditions

(1)

Political power and organizational authority

(1)

Sociopolitical Organization of the Oregon Coast Range

(2)

Geopolitical boundaries

(1)

Communities of interest

(1)

Cultural boundaries

(1)

Institutional boundaries

(1)

The Changing Oregon Coast

(10)

Changing population

(1)

Population growth

(1)

Demographic structure

(1)

Changing patterns of land use

(1)

Changing economy

(1)

Income and employment

(3)

Recreation and tourism industry

(2)

Changing education levels

(1)

Public values about natural resources

(2)

Interactions Between Society and Forest Management

(3)

Changing forest management and policy: implications for society

(1)

Changing demographics: implications for forest management

(1)

Value changes along the Oregon coast: implications for forest management

(2)

Summary and Conclusions

(1)

Future Research Needs

(1)

Literature Cited

(3)

The Ecological Basis of Forest Ecosystem Management in the Oregon Coast Range

(37)

Thomas A. Spies

David E. Hibbs

Janet L. Ohmann

Gordon H. Reeves

Robert J. Pabst

Frederick J. Swanson

Cathy Whitlock

Julia A. Jones

Beverly C. Wemple

Laurie A. Parendes

Barbara A. Schrader

Introduction

(1)

Ecosystem Patterns and History

(12)

Regional environment

(2)

Forest ecosystem patterns

(3)

Coast Range vegetation in geologic history

(3)

The role of deciduous vegetation

(2)

Riparian forests

(2)

Productivity of Coast Range Forest and Stream Ecosystems

(3)

Ecological Forces of Disturbance and Development

(8)

Forest disturbances

(2)

Tree death and decomposition

(2)

Forest development

(2)

Influence of human activities

(2)

Watershed and Landscape-scale Processes

(7)

Influence of roads on ecosystem function at multiple scales

(3)

Aquatic-terrestrial linkages

(2)

Natural processes as a foundation for management

(2)

Literature Cited

(7)

Fish and Aquatic Ecosystems of the Oregon Coast Range

(31)

Gordon H. Reeves

Kelly M. Burnett

Stanley V. Gregory

Introduction

(1)

The Fish Fauna of the Oregon Coast Range

(3)

Distribution of Fish in Coast Range Rivers and Streams

(8)

Organization of rivers and stream systems

(1)

Watersheds

(1)

Reaches

(2)

Habitat units

(1)

Seasonal distribution

(1)

Spring

(1)

Summer

(1)

Fall

(1)

Winter

(1)

Human Impacts on Fish and Fish Habitat

(3)

Ecosystem Restoration

(3)

Current approaches

(1)

Ecosystem approach

(2)

The Future: Ecosystem and Landscape Management

(6)

A case study

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

A new disturbance regime

(2)

Literature Cited

(8)

Ecology and Management of Wildlife and Their Habitats in the Oregon Coast Range

(36)

John P. Hayes

Joan C. Hagar

The Coast Range Supports a Diversity of Animal Species

(3)

Habitat Components Within a Stand Influence the Presence and Abundance of Wildlife

102

(7)

Dead wood

103

(5)

Large and unique trees

108

(1)

Special features

109

(1)

Stand-level Characteristics Influence the Presence and Abundance of Wildlife

109

(8)

Tree density and distribution

110

(5)

Managing stands to benefit wildlife

115

(2)

Riparian Areas Are of Special Management and Ecological Concern

117

(5)

Wildlife communities along an inter-riparian gradient

118

(2)

Wildlife communities along an intra-riparian gradient

120

(1)

Managing riparian areas to benefit wildlife

120

(2)

Landscape Structure Influences the Presence and Abundance of Wildlife

122

(6)

Landscape structure and species present

123

(2)

Positive and negative effects of edge

125

(1)

Managing landscapes is difficult but necessary

126

(2)

Summary and Conclusions

128

(1)

Literature Cited

129

(6)

Timber Harvesting to Enhance Multiple Resources

135

(37)

Loren D. Kellogg

Ginger V. Milota

Ben Stringham

Introduction

135

(1)

Review of Harvesting Systems in the Oregon Coast Range

135

(13)

Felling

137

(1)

Cable systems

138

(1)

Highlead

139

(1)

Skyline

139

(5)

Aerial systems

144

(1)

Ground-based systems

144

(1)

Mechanized systems

145

(3)

Harvest Planning to Achieve Forest and Stream Resource Objectives

148

(4)

Even-age Silvicultural Systems

152

(5)

Appropriate harvesting systems

152

(1)

Clearcutting

152

(1)

Thinning

153

(1)

Harvest planning and layout approaches

154

(1)

Clearcutting

154

(1)

Thinning

154

(1)

Production and cost information

155

(2)

Uneven-age Silvicultural Systems

157

(4)

Appropriate harvesting systems

157

(1)

Harvest planning and layout approaches

158

(1)

Production and cost information

159

(2)

Minimizing Damage to Residual Trees

161

(3)

Monitoring of stand damage

162

(1)

Harvesting approaches that minimize stand damage

163

(1)

Skyline systems

163

(1)

Tractor systems

164

(1)

Mechanized cut-to-length systems

164

(1)

Timber Harvesting for Riparian-area Management

164

(2)

Appropriate harvesting systems

164

(1)

Harvest planning and layout approaches

165

(1)

A Case Study of Timber Harvesting for Active Riparian Management

166

(2)

Summary

168

(1)

Literature Cited

169

(3)

Silviculture of Oregon Coast Range Forests

172

(19)

J. C. Tappeiner II

W. H. Emmingham

D. E. Hibbs

What Is Silviculture and Why Is it Important?

172

(1)

Regeneration of Oregon Coast Range Forests

173

(1)

Natural regeneration

173

(1)

Artificial regeneration

173

(1)

Natural diversity in young managed stands

174

(1)

Patterns of Stand Development

174

(1)

The Importance of Shrubs and Hardwoods

175

(1)

Influence of Stand Density on Tree and Stand Characteristics

176

(2)

Options for Managing Young Stands

178

(3)

Controlling stand density when trees are young

178

(1)

Thinning to achieve a variety of objectives

179

(1)

Producing stands with old-growth characteristics

179

(1)

Regeneration of understory tree species

180

(1)

Uneven-age silvicultural systems in Oregon Coast Range forest management

181

(1)

Managing Hardwoods in the Oregon Coast Range

181

(2)

Regeneration

181

(1)

Thinning

182

(1)

Species mixes

183

(1)

Poplar plantations

183

(1)

Silviculture of Riparian Stands in the Coast Range

183

(4)

Basing management strategies for riparian areas on ecological processes

184

(2)

Silviculture practices to meet riparian-area management objectives

186

(1)

Conclusions

187

(1)

Literature Cited

188

(3)

Major Forest Diseases of the Oregon Coast Range and their Management

191

(22)

Walter G. Thies

Ellen Michaels Goheen

Introduction

191

(2)

Important Root Diseases

193

(7)

Laminated root rot

194

(1)

Basic biology

194

(1)

Management strategies

195

(1)

Port-Oxford-cedar root disease

195

(1)

Basic biology

195

(1)

Management strategies

196

(1)

Black stain root disease

196

(1)

Basic biology

196

(1)

Management strategies

197

(1)

Annosus root disease

198

(1)

Basic biology

198

(1)

Management strategies

198

(1)

Armillaria root disease

199

(1)

Basic biology

199

(1)

Management strategies

200

(1)

Other Forest Diseases

200

(8)

Western hemlock dwarf mistletoe

200

(1)

Basic biology

200

(1)

Management strategies

201

(1)

White pine blister rust

202

(1)

Basic biology

202

(1)

Management strategies

202

(1)

Swiss needle cast

203

(1)

Basic biology

203

(1)

Management strategies

203

(1)

Common stem decays

204

(1)

Basic biology

204

(3)

Management strategies

207

(1)

Special Concerns for Disease Management

208

(1)

Planning

208

(1)

Topics for research

209

(1)

Biology

209

(1)

Management

209

(1)

Summary and Conclusions

209

(1)

Epilogue

210

(1)

Literature Cited

210

(3)

Landslides, Surface Erosion, and Forest Operations in the Oregon Coast Range

213

(29)

Arne E. Skaugset

Gordon H. Reeves

Richard F. Keim

Introduction

213

(1)

Physical Setting of the Oregon Coast Range

213

(1)

Geology

213

(1)

Hydrology

214

(1)

Landslides and Surface Erosion in Unmanaged Coast Range Forests

214

(10)

Geomorphic context for debris flows

216

(2)

Mechanistic context for debris flows

218

(1)

Slope-stability analysis

218

(1)

Soil strength

219

(2)

Root strength

221

(1)

Groundwater response to rainfall on hillslopes

221

(2)

Debris flows and aquatic habitat

223

(1)

Landslides and Surface Erosion in Managed Coast Range Forests

224

(7)

Surface erosion

224

(1)

Surface erosion from harvest units

224

(1)

Dry ravel

224

(1)

Infiltration-limited surface erosion

225

(1)

Surface erosion from roads and landings

225

(1)

Effect of forest-management activities on debris slides and flows

226

(1)

In-unit landslides

227

(2)

Road-related landslides

229

(1)

The effect of forestry on debris flows

230

(1)

Prevention and Mitigation of Accelerated Erosion in a Managed Coast Range Forest

231

(4)

Best management practices and accelerated erosion

231

(2)

Best management practices and debris slides and flows

233

(1)

Watershed management and debris flows

234

(1)

Summary

235

(1)

Literature Cited

236

(6)

Moving toward Sustainability

242

(18)

Stephen D. Hobbs

John P. Hayes

Rebecca L. Johnson

Gordon H. Reeves

Thomas A. Spies

John C. Tappeiner II

Introduction

242

(1)

Integrated Resource Management, Sustainability, and Biological Diversity

243

(3)

Integrated resource management

243

(1)

Sustainability

244

(1)

The conservation of biological diversity

244

(2)

Changing Realities in the Oregon Coast Range

246

(4)

Forest conditions

246

(1)

Federal forests

246

(1)

State of Oregon forests

247

(1)

Industrial forests

247

(1)

Nonindustrial private forests

248

(1)

Other influences

248

(1)

Stream conditions

249

(1)

Challenges facing Policymakers

250

(6)

Globalization, population growth, and demands on resources

250

(1)

The public values, private-property rights debate

251

(2)

Conflicting policies and legal requirements

253

(2)

Establishing a framework for discussion

255

(1)

Summary

256

(1)

Literature Cited

257

(3)

Conversion Factors

260

(1)

Glossary

261

(4)

Species List

265

(2)

Index

267

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Forest and Stream Management in the Oregon Coast Range

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials