- ISBN: 9781319035440 | 1319035442
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 12/22/2016
A brief and affordable guide to critical thinking and crafting arguments, From Critical Thinking to Argument teaches the right skills to write persuasive arguments.
Sylvan Barnet, professor of English and former director of writing at Tufts University, is the most prolific and consistently successful college English textbook author in the country. His several texts on writing and his numerous anthologies for introductory composition and literature courses have remained leaders in their field through many editions.Hugo Bedau, professor of philosophy at Tufts University, has served as chair of the philosophy department and chair of the university’s committee on College Writing. An internationally respected expert on the death penalty, and on moral, legal, and political philosophy, he has written or edited a number of books on these topics. He is the author of Thinking and Writing about Philosophy, Second Edition (Bedford/St. Martin’s).
PrefacePart One FROM CRITICAL THINKING TO ARGUMENT AND RESEARCH1 Critical Thinking*Thinking Through an Issue: Gay Marriage Licenses*On Flying Spaghetti Monsters: Analyzing and Evaluating from Multiple Perspectives*Critical Thinking at Work: A Student’s Essay, Developed From A Cluster And A List*Stirred and Strained: Pastafarians Should Be Allowed to Practice in Prison (Student Essay)*The Essay AnalyzedGenerating Ideas: Writing as a Way of Thinking*Confronting Unfamiliar Issues *TopicsNINA FEDOROFF, The Genetically Engineered Salmon is a Boon for Consumers and Sustainability*THINKING CRITICALLY: GENERATING TOPICSA CHECKLIST FOR CRITICAL THINKING*A Short Essay Calling for Critical Thinking*LYNN STUART PARRAMORE, Fitbits for BossesOverall View of the EssayExamining AssumptionsA CHECKLIST FOR EXAMINING ASSUMPTIONSJENA McGREGOR, Military Women in Combat: Why Making It Official Matters2 Critical Reading: Getting StartedActive ReadingPreviewing*A Short Essay for Previewing Practice*SANJAY GUPTA, Why I Changed My Mind on Weed*THINKING CRITICALLY: PREVIEWING*The "First and Last" RuleReading with a Careful Eye: Underlining, Highlighting, Annotating"This; Therefore, That"*Defining Terms and Concepts*THINKING CRITICALLY: DEFINING TERMS AND CONCEPTSSummarizing and ParaphrasingParaphrase, Patchwriting, and PlagiarismA CHECKLIST FOR A PARAPHRASEStrategies for Summarizing*Critical SummarySUSAN JACOBY, A First Amendment JunkieSummarizing JacobyA CHECKLIST FOR GETTING STARTEDEssays for AnalysisZACHARY SHEMTOB AND DAVID LAT, Executions Should Be TelevisedGWEN WILDE, Why the Pledge of Allegiance Should Be Revised (Student Essay)A Casebook for Critical Reading: Should Some Kinds of Speech Be Censored?SUSAN BROWNMILLER, Let’s Put Pornography Back in the Closet CHARLES R. LAWRENCE III, On Racist SpeechDEREK BOK, Protecting Freedom of Expression on the CampusThinking Further: Freedom of Expression and Social Media3 Critical Reading: Getting Deeper into ArgumentsPersuasion, Argument, Dispute*THINKING CRITICALLY: ESTABLISHING TRUSTWORTHINESS AND CREDIBILITYReason versus RationalizationSome Procedures in ArgumentDefinition*THINKING CRITICALLY: GIVING DEFINITIONSAssumptionsPremises and SyllogismsDeductionSound ArgumentsInductionEvidence: Experimentation, Examples, Authoritative Testimony, StatisticsA CHECKLIST FOR EVALUATING STATISTICAL EVIDENCENonrational AppealsSatire, Irony, Sarcasm, HumorEmotional AppealsDoes All Writing Contain Arguments?A CHECKLIST FOR ANALYZING AN ARGUMENTAn Example: An Argument and a Look at the Writer’s StrategiesGEORGE F. WILL, Being Green at Ben and Jerry’sGeorge F. Wills’s StrategiesArguments for AnalysisSTANLEY FISH, When " Identity Politics" Is RationalGLORIA JIMÉNEZ, Against the Odds, and against the Common Good (Student Essay)ANNA LISA RAYA, It’s Hard Enough Being Me (Student Essay)RONALD TAKAKI, The Harmful Myth of Asian SuperiorityJAMES Q. WILSON, Just Take Away Their GunsKAYLA WEBLEY, Is Forgiving Student Loan Debt a Good Idea?ALFRED EDMOND JR., Why Asking for a Job Applicant’s Facebook Password Is Fair GameSHERRY TURKLE, The Flight from Conversation4 Visual Rhetoric: Thinking about Images as ArgumentsUses of Visual ImagesTypes of Emotional Appeals*Seeing Vs. Looking: Reading AdvertisementsA CHECKLIST FOR ANALYZING IMAGES (ESPECIALLY ADVERTISEMENTS)*Other Aspects of Visual AppealsLevels of Images*Accommodating, Resisting, and Negotiating the Meaning of ImagesAre Some Images Not Fit to Be Shown?Politics and PicturesWriting about a Political CartoonA CHECKLIST FOR EVALUATING AN ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL CARTOONS*THINKING CRITICALLY: ANALYSIS OF A POLITICAL CARTOONJACKSON SMITH, Pledging Nothing? (Student Essay)Visuals as Aids to Clarity: Maps, Graphs, and Pie ChartsA CHECKLIST FOR CHARTS AND GRAPHSA Note on Using Visuals in Your Own PaperAdditional Images for AnalysisNORA EPHRON, The Boston Photographs5 Writing an Analysis of an ArgumentAnalyzing an ArgumentExamining the Author’s ThesisExamining the Author’s PurposeExamining the Author’s MethodsExamining the Author’s PersonaExamining Persona and Intended AudienceA CHECKLIST FOR ANALYZING AN AUTHOR’S INTENDED AUDIENCESummaryA CHECKLIST FOR ANALYZING A TEXTAn Argument, Its Elements, and a Student’s Analysis of the ArgumentNICHOLAS D. KRISTOF, For Environmental Balance, Pick Up a Rifle*THINKING CRITICALLY: DRAWING CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLYING PROOFThe Essay AnalyzedBETSY SWINTON, Tracking Kristof (Student Essay)An Analysis of the Student’s AnalysisA CHECKLIST FOR WRITING AN ANALYSIS OF AN ARGUMENTArguments for AnalysisJEFF JACOBY, Bring Back FloggingGERARD JONES, Violent Media Is Good for KidsJUSTIN CRONIN, Confessions of a Liberal Gun OwnerPETER SINGER, Animal Liberation*JONATHAN SAFRAN FOER, Let Them Eat Dog: A Modest Proposal for Tossing Fido in the Oven6 Developing an Argument of Your OwnPlanning, Drafting, and Revising an ArgumentGetting Ideas: Argument as an Instrument of Inquiry *Three Brainstorming Strategies: Freewriting, Listing, and DiagrammingThe Thesis or Main Point*THINKING CRITICALLY: "WALKING THE TIGHTROPE"A CHECKLIST FOR A THESIS STATEMENTImagining an AudienceThe Audience as CollaboratorA CHECKLIST FOR IMAGINING AN AUDIENCEThe TitleThe Opening ParagraphsOrganizing and Revising the Body of the EssayThe Ending*THINKING CRITICALLY: USING TRANSITIONS IN ARGUMENTTwo Uses of an OutlineA Last Word about OutlinesA CHECKLIST FOR ORGANIZING AN ARGUMENTTone and the Writer’s Persona*THINKING CRITICALLY: VARYING TONEWe, One, or I?*THINKING CRITICALLY: ELIMINATING WE, ONE, AND IA CHECKLIST FOR ATTENDING TO THE NEEDS OF THE AUDIENCEAvoiding Sexist LanguagePeer ReviewA PEER REVIEW CHECKLIST FOR A DRAFT OF AN ARGUMENTA Student’s Essay, from Rough Notes to Final VersionEMILY ANDREWS, Why I Don’t Spare "Spare Change" (Student Essay)The Essay Analyzed7 Using SourcesWhy Use Sources?Choosing a TopicFinding MaterialFinding Quality Information OnlineFinding Articles Using Library DatabasesLocating BooksInterviewing Peers and Local AuthoritiesEvaluating Your SourcesTaking NotesA CHECKLIST FOR EVALUATING PRINT SOURCESA CHECKLIST FOR EVALUATING ELECTRONIC SOURCESA Note on Plagiarizing, Paraphrasing, and Using Common KnowledgeA CHECKLIST FOR AVOIDING PLAGIARISMCompiling an Annotated BibliographyA Rule for Writers: Citation GeneratorsWriting the PaperOrganizing Your NotesThe First DraftLater DraftsA Few More Words about OrganizationChoosing a Tentative TitleThe Final DraftQuoting from SourcesIncorporating Your Reading into Your Thinking: The Art and Science of Synthesis The Use and Abuse of QuotationsHow to Quote*THINKING CRITICALLY: USING SIGNAL PHRASESA CHECKLIST FOR USING QUOTATIONS RATHER THAN SUMMARIESDocumentationA Note on Footnotes (and Endnotes)MLA Format: Citations within the TextMLA Format: The List of Works Cited,APA Format: Citations within the TextAPA Format: The List of References,A CHECKLIST FOR PAPERS USING SOURCESAn Annotated Student Research Paper in MLA FormatLESLEY TIMMERMAN, An Argument for Corporate Responsibility (Student Essay)An Annotated Student Research Paper in APA FormatLAURA DeVEAU, The Role of Spirituality and Religion in Mental Health (Student Essay)Part Two FURTHER VIEWS ON ARGUMENT8 A Philosopher’s View: The Toulmin ModelThe ClaimGroundsWarrantsBackingModal QualifiersRebuttals*THINKING CRITICALLY: CONSTRUCTING A TOULMIN ARGUMENTPutting the Toulmin Method to Work: Responding to an ArgumentJAMES E. McWILLIAMS, The Locavore Myth: Why Buying from Nearby Farmers Won’t Save the PlanetA CHECKLIST FOR USING THE TOULMIN METHODThinking with Toulmin’s Method9 A Logician’s View: Deduction, Induction, FallaciesDeductionInductionObservation and InferenceProbabilityMill’s MethodsConfirmation, Mechanism, and TheoryFallaciesFallacies of Ambiguity Fallacies of PresumptionFallacies of Relevance A CHECKLIST FOR EVALUATING AN ARGUMENT FROM A LOGICAL POINT OF VIEWMAX SHULMAN, Love Is a Fallacy10 A Psychologist’s View: Rogerian ArgumentRogerian Argument: An IntroductionCARL R. ROGERS, Communication: Its Blocking and Its FacilitationA CHECKLIST FOR ANALYZING ROGERIAN ARGUMENTEDWARD O. WILSON, Letter to a Southern Baptist MinisterIndex of Authors and TitlesIndex of Terms
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