The Great Conversation: A Historical Introduction to Philosophy

A Word to Instructors

A Word to Students

Acknowledgements

Maps

14. Hobbes, Locke, and Berkeley: Materialism and the Beginnings of Empiricism

Thomas Hobbes: Catching Persons in the Net of the New Science / John Locke: Looking to Experience / George Berkeley: Ideas into Things /

15. David Hume: Unmasking the Pretensions of Reason

How Newton Did It / To Be the Newton of Human Nature / The Theory of Ideas / The Association of Ideas / Causation: The Very Idea / The Disappearing Self / Rescuing Human Freedom / Is It Reasonable to Believe in God? / Understanding Morality / Is Hume a Skeptic? /

16. Immanuel Kant: Rehabilitating Reason (within Strict Limits)

Critique / Judgments / Geometry, Mathematics, Space, and Time / Common Sense, Science, and the A Priori Categories / Profile: Baruch Spinoza / Phenomena and Noumena / Profile: Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz / Reasoning and the Ideas of Metaphysics: God, World, and Soul / Reason and Morality /

17. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Taking History Seriously

Historical and Intellectual Context / Epistemology Internalized / Profile: Arthur Schopenhauer / Self and Others / Stoic and Skeptical Consciousness / Hegel’s Analysis of Christianity / Reason and Reality: The Theory of Idealism / Spirit Made Objective: The Social Character of Ethics / History and Freedom /

18. Kierkegaard and Marx: Two Ways to “Correct” Hegel

Kierkegaard: On Individual Existence / Marx: Beyond Alienation and Exploitation /

19. The Utilitarians: Moral Rules and the Happiness of All (Including Women)

The Classic Utilitarians / The Rights of Women /

20. Friedrich Nietzsche: The Value of Existence

Pessimism and Tragedy / Good-Bye True World / The Death of God / Revaluation of Values / The Overman / Affirming Eternal Recurrence /

21. The Pragmatists: Thought and Action

Charles Sanders Peirce / John Dewey / Profile: William James /

22. Analysis: Logical Atomism and the Logical Positivists

Language and Its Logic / Profile: Bertrand Russell / Ludwig Wittgenstein: Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus / Logical Positivism /

23. Ordinary Language: “This Is Simply What I Do”

The Later Wittgenstein: Philosophical Investigations /

24. Martin Heidegger: The Meaning of Being

What Is the Question? / The Clue / Phenomenology / Profile: Jean-Paul Sartre / Being-in-the-World / The “Who” of Dasein / Modes of Disclosure / Falling-Away / Care / Truth / Death / Conscience, Guilt, and Resoluteness / Temporality as the Meaning of Care / The Priority of Being /

25. Postmodernism and Physical Realism: Derrida, Rorty, Quine, Dennett

Postmodernism / Deconstruction: Jacques Derrida / Liberal Ironist: Richard Rorty / Physical Realism / Science, Common Sense, and Metaphysics: Willard van Orman Quine / The Matter of Minds: Daniel Dennett /

Glossary

Credits

Index

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