Group Discussion

, by Young, Kathryn Sue; Wood, Julia T.; Phillips, Gerald M.; Pedersen, Douglas J.

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ISBN: 9781577664758 | 1577664752
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 6/25/2006

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"This affordable, concise guide to group discussion offers comprehensive coverage of the standard agenda, an approach that works for any problem-solving discussion. Readers learn a proven, relevant, practical approach to solving problems. The authors emphasize the creative potential of individuals and urge them to apply that creativity to their discussions, including imaginative ways to foster equal participation."--BOOK JACKET.

Preface

1 Introduction to Group Discussion and the Standard Agenda

(14)

Perspectives on Group Discussion

(1)

Why Do You Need To Be an Effective Group Member?

(1)

How to Learn about Group Discussion

(1)

What Will This Book Do for You?

(1)

Where Will You Use Group Discussion?

(1)

Functions of Groups

(3)

Task Groups

(1)

Social Groups

(1)

Educational/Self-help Groups

(1)

The Value of Procedure

(1)

An Intercultural Note

(1)

Overview of the Standard Agenda

(2)

Why the Standard Agenda?

(1)

Complete

(1)

Flexible

(1)

Time-tested

(1)

The Choices Are Yours

(3)

2 Understanding the Group as a System

(10)

The Systems Perspective

(4)

Any Part of a System Can Be Understood Only within the Context of the Entire System

(1)

A System Is More than the Sum of Its Parts

(1)

All Parts of a System Interact Dynamically and Constantly

(1)

An Open System Interacts with Its Environment in Mutually Influential Ways

(1)

Why the System Might Not Work

(2)

Lack of Efficiency

(1)

Inhospitable Climate

(1)

Inappropriate Focus on Personal Feelings

(1)

Sacrificing Personal Integrity

(1)

Making the System Work

(4)

Effective Discussion Is Goal Oriented

(1)

Effective Discussion Is Regulated by a Public Agenda

(1)

Effective Discussion Requires That Every Member Be Responsible for the Group's Effectiveness

(1)

Effective Discussion Presumes Cooperative Efforts and Attitudes

(1)

Effective Discussion Requires Leadership

(2)

3 Exploring the Group System

(18)

Initial Elements

(4)

Group Size

(1)

Group Charge

(1)

Resources

(1)

Individual Members

(2)

Process Elements

(10)

Participation

(1)

Group Roles

(1)

Norms

(2)

Power

(1)

Cohesion

(3)

Decision-Making Style

(1)

Group Autonomy

(1)

Outcome Features

(4)

Effectiveness of Group Decisions

(1)

Individual Satisfaction

(1)

Changes in Environment

(3)

4 Individual Choices That Affect the System

(14)

Rhetorical Sensitivity

(1)

Perception

(2)

Verbal Communication

(3)

Active Listening

(3)

Potential Problems

(1)

Content and Relationship Level of Meaning

(1)

Listening/Feedback Styles

(1)

Nonverbal Communication

(2)

Interaction Cues

(1)

Spatial Networks

(1)

Seating Positions

(1)

Physical Setting

(1)

Individual Preparation

(1)

Troubleshooting

(2)

5 Making Effective Choices When Leading

(16)

Selecting and Shaping a Leader

(3)

Remaining Effective as a Leader

(4)

Member Needs

(1)

Situations

(1)

Inspiring Commitment

(1)

Behavioral Flexibility

(3)

Preparing for Leadership

(4)

The Agenda

(1)

The Group and Its Members

(1)

The Physical Situation

(1)

Personal Style

(1)

Strategies for Leading

(5)

Influencing Members' Perceptions of the Leader

(1)

Influencing Members' Perception of Each Other and of Themselves

(1)

Influencing Members' Perceptions of the Group as a Whole

(1)

Influencing Members' Judgments on Substantive Issues

(1)

Influencing the Pace of the Discussion

(2)

6 Creating a Constructive Climate and Managing Conflict

(14)

Role of Conflict in Discussion

(2)

Types of Conflict

(2)

Components of Constructive Climate

(2)

Cooperativeness

(1)

Openness

(1)

Rhetorical Sensitivity

(1)

Conflict Resolution Styles

(2)

Groupthink

(4)

Symptoms of Groupthink

(1)

Correctives to Groupthink

(2)

Additional Troubleshooting

(2)

7 Standard Agenda Step One: Understanding the Charge

(16)

GOALS OF STEP ONE

(3)

Understanding the Charge

(1)

Ascertaining Your Authority

(1)

Assess Your Resources

(1)

Knowing When You Are Done

(1)

Legitimacy of Topics

(1)

OUTCOMES OF STEP ONE

(3)

Written Record of the Group's Understanding

(1)

Questions about the Charge

(1)

MEMBER TASKS IN STEP ONE

(5)

Becoming Familiar with Colleagues

(3)

Exercising Your Options

(2)

Asserting Your Position in the Group

(1)

Being Flexible

(1)

Maintaining Orderly Procedure and Task Focus

(1)

Avoiding Premature Decisions

(1)

Establishing Your Image

(1)

LEADER OBLIGATIONS IN STEP ONE

(5)

Choosing a Leadership Style

(1)

Preparing for the Leadership Role

(1)

Setting a Leadership Tone

(1)

Taking Leadership Responsibility

(1)

Wrapping It Up

100

(1)

An Unspoken Contract for Serious Group Problem Solving

100

(3)

8 Standard Agenda Step Two: Understanding and Phrasing the Question

103

(12)

GOALS OF STEP TWO

104

(8)

Exploring the Background of the Problem

104

(2)

Phrase the Question

106

(3)

Be Specific

107

(1)

Be Realistic

107

(1)

Use Open Questions

108

(1)

Avoid Questions that Lead to Debate or Beg the Question

108

(1)

Unanswered and Unanswerable Questions

108

(1)

Types of Questions

109

(1)

Qlicy Questions

110

(2)

OUTCOMES OF STEP TWO

112

(1)

MEMBER TASKS IN STEP TWO

112

(1)

LEADER OBLIGATIONS IN STEP TWO

113

(2)

9 Standard Agenda Step Three: Fact-finding

115

(16)

GOALS OF STEP THREE

115

(9)

Getting Started

115

(1)

Basic Questions

116

(2)

Criteria for Evaluating Information

118

(3)

Credibility

119

(1)

Competence

119

(1)

Currency

120

(1)

Relevance

120

(1)

Sufficiency

120

(1)

Additional Considerations

121

(2)

Using Language

123

(1)

OUTCOMES OF STEP THREE

124

(2)

Answering Basic Questions

124

(7)

What Are the Evidences and Symptoms of the Problems?

124

(1)

What Caused the Conditions?

125

(1)

What Is the Effect of These Symptoms?

125

(1)

Has This Ever Happened Before? How Was It Handled?

125

(1)

What Might Happen if the Problem Is Not Addressed?

126

(1)

What Do Experts Say about the Issue?

126

(1)

In Light of New Information, What Is Our Problem Now?

126

(1)

MEMBER TASKS IN STEP THREE

126

(2)

LEADER OBLIGATIONS IN STEP THREE

128

(3)

10 Standard Agenda Step Four: Setting Criteria and Limitations

131

(10)

GOALS OF STEP FOUR

131

(6)

How to Develop Criteria

132

(2)

Defining the Terms

134

(1)

Prioritizing Criteria

134

(1)

How to Determine Limitations

135

(6)

Legal Restrictions

136

(1)

Institutional Policies and Traditions

136

(1)

Financial Limitations

136

(1)

Persuasive Power

136

(1)

OUTCOMES FOR STEP FOUR

137

(1)

MEMBER TASKS IN STEP FOUR

138

(1)

LEADER OBLIGATIONS IN STEP FOUR

139

(2)

11 Standard Agenda Step Five: Discovering and Selecting Solutions

141

(12)

GOALS OF STEP FIVE

141

(6)

Brainstorming

142

(1)

Evaluating Solutions against Criteria

143

(2)

Selecting the Best Solution

145

(1)

Implementation Plan

146

(1)

OUTCOMES OF STEP FIVE

147

(1)

MEMBER TASKS IN STEP FIVE

148

(1)

LEADER OBLIGATIONS IN STEP FIVE

149

(4)

12 Standard Agenda Step Six: Preparing and Presenting the Final Report

153

(14)

GOALS OF STEP SIX

154

(10)

Preparing the Final Report

154

(6)

Writing the Report

154

(1)

Title Page

155

(1)

Executive Summary

155

(1)

Background

156

(1)

Criteria

157

(1)

Presentation of the Plan

157

(2)

The Argued Defense

159

(1)

Presenting the Final Report

160

(4)

Extemporaneous Speaking

160

(1)

Plan the Residual Message

160

(1)

Collective Planning

161

(1)

Putting it Together

161

(1)

Delivering the Report

162

(1)

Visuals

162

(1)

Practicing and Delivering the Presentation

163

(1)

OUTCOMES OF STEP SIX

164

(1)

MEMBER TASKS IN STEP SIX

165

(1)

LEADER OBLIGATIONS IN STEP SIX

165

(1)

Final Thoughts

165

(2)

Bibliography

167

(8)

Index

175

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Group Discussion

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials