Guide to Nursing Management and Leadership

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ISBN: 9780323010665 | 0323010660
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 4/1/2000

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This well-respected text teaches nursing students about leadership and the management process and supplies the practicing nurse with practical information about nursing administration. In response to the dramatic changes in health care in recent years, this sixth edition expands both content and focus by discussing delegation, team development, cost containment, health care networks, mergers and acquisitions, community-based practice, and continuous quality improvement. It focuses on current trends that include technology, ethics, diversity, and managed care. (Includes a FREE MERLIN website at:www.harcourthealth.com/MERLIN/Marriner/guide/) Spanish version also available, ISBN: 84-8174-526-X

PART ONE Leadership

(172)

Communications

(23)

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Chapter Overview

(1)

Major Concepts and Definitions

(19)

Communication Process

(1)

Basic Communication Skills

(1)

Communication Principles

(1)

Methods of Communication

(1)

Use of Computers for Communication

(1)

Communication Systems

(1)

Downward Communication

(1)

Upward Communication

(1)

Lateral Communication

(1)

Diagonal Communication

(1)

The Grapevine

(1)

Barriers to Communication

(1)

Gender Differences

(1)

Cultural Differences

(1)

Improving Communication

(2)

Jahari Window

(1)

Communicating With Difficult People

(2)

Assertiveness

(1)

Barriers to Assertiveness

(1)

Transactional Analysis

(1)

Ego States

(1)

Transactions

(1)

Game Playing

(2)

Life Positions

(1)

Assertive Techniques

(2)

Chapter Summary

(1)

References

(1)

Bibliography

(1)

Case Studies

(1)

Stress Management

(26)

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Chapter Overview

(1)

Major Concepts and Definitions

(21)

Stress Management

(1)

Sources of Stress

(1)

Stress Response

(1)

Symptoms of Stress

(1)

Stress Control

(5)

Relaxation

(3)

Enhancing Self-Esteem

(1)

Support Groups

(1)

Time Management

(1)

Personal Time Management

(1)

Maximize Managerial Time

(1)

Inventory Activities

(1)

Set Goals

(1)

Plan Strategies

(1)

Plan Schedule

(1)

Say No

(1)

Use Transition Times

(1)

Accelerate Learning

(1)

Improve Reading

(1)

Improve Memory

(1)

Critical Thinking

(1)

Streamline Paperwork

(1)

Use Computers for Time Management

(1)

Use Telephone Calls

(1)

Schedule Office Visits

(1)

Control Visit Time

(1)

Use Meetings Effectively

(1)

Delegation

(4)

Procrastination

(1)

Reasons for Procrastination

(1)

Techniques to Stop Procrastination

(1)

Maximize Organization Time

(1)

Plan

(1)

Organize

(1)

Staff

(1)

Direct

(1)

Control

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

References

(1)

Bibliography

(2)

Case Studies

(1)

Decision-Making Process and Tools

(24)

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Chapter Overview

(1)

Major Concepts and Definitions

(20)

Decision-Making Process

(1)

Identify the Problem and Analyze the Situation

(1)

Explore the Alternatives

(1)

Choose the Most Desirable Alternative

(1)

Implement the Decision

(1)

Evaluate the Results

(1)

Critical Thinking

(1)

Purpose or Goal

(1)

Central Problem or Question at Issue

(1)

Point of View or Frame of Reference

(1)

Empirical Dimension

(1)

Conceptual Dimension

(1)

Assumptions

(1)

Implications and Consequences

(1)

Inference and Conclusions

(1)

Creative Decision Making

(1)

The Creative Process

(1)

Encouraging Creativity

(3)

Developing Creative Thinking Attitudes

(1)

Blocks to Creativity

(1)

Consultation

(1)

Ethical Aspects of Decision Making

(1)

Ethical Theories

(1)

Ethical Principles

(1)

Ethical Positions

(1)

Ethical Relationships

(1)

Moral Reasoning

(1)

Ethics Committees

(1)

Decision-Making Tools

(1)

Probability Theory

(1)

Simulation, Models, and Games

(1)

Gantt Chart

(1)

Decision Trees

(1)

Program Evaluation and Review Technique

(1)

Critical Path Method

(1)

Queuing Theory

(1)

Linear Programming

(1)

Advantages and Limitations of Quantitative Tools for Decision Making

(1)

Computers

(4)

Chapter Summary

(1)

References

(1)

Bibliography

(1)

Case Studies

(1)

Motivation and Morale

(14)

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Chapter Overview

(1)

Major Concepts and Definitions

(11)

Motivation

(1)

Taylor's Monistic Theory

(1)

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

(1)

Alderfer's Modified Need Hierarchy

(1)

McClelland's Basic Needs Theory

(1)

Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory or Two-Factor Theory

(1)

Argyris's Psychological Energy Theory

(1)

Vroom's Expectancy Theory

(1)

Skinner's Positive Reinforcement Theory

(1)

Equity Theory

(1)

Intrinsic Motivation

(1)

McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y

(1)

Likert's Participative Management Theory

(1)

Theory Z

(1)

Historical Development of Motivation Theory

(1)

Morale

(1)

Burnout

(1)

Job Satisfaction

(1)

Chapter Summary

(1)

References

(1)

Bibliography

(1)

Case Study

(1)

Power, Politics, Negotiations, and Labor Relations

(29)

Chapter Objectives

(1)

Chapter Overview

(1)

Major Concepts and Definitions

(25)

Power, Authority, and Politics

(1)

Sources of Power

(1)

Sources of Personal Power

(1)

Sources of Interpersonal Power

(1)

Sources of Position Power

(1)

Informal Sources of Power

(1)

Power Relations

(1)

Kinds of Power

(1)

Authority

(1)

Power and Gender

(1)

Empowerment

(2)

Empowered Delegation

(1)

Politics

(3)

Negotiation

100

(3)

Negotiation Process

103

(2)

Labor Relations

105

(1)

Why Employees Join Unions

105

(1)

Labor Law

105

(3)

Unionization

108

(1)

Organizing Phase

108

(1)

Recognition Phase

109

(1)

Contract Negotiation Phase

110

(1)

Contract Administration

111

(1)

Decertification

112

(2)

Strikes

114

(1)

Types of Strikes

114

(1)

Nurse Managers' Role in Collective Bargaining

114

(1)

Advantages and Disadvantages of Collective Bargaining

114

(1)

Chapter Summary

115

(1)

References

115

(1)

Bibliography

116

(1)

Case Studies

117

(1)

Conflict Management

118

(19)

Chapter Objectives

118

(1)

Chapter Overview

119

(1)

Major Concepts and Definitions

119

(16)

Conflict Theory

119

(1)

Sources of Conflict

119

(1)

Types of Conflict

120

(2)

Reactions to Conflict

122

(1)

Escalation-of-Conflict Tactics

123

(1)

Stages of Conflict

124

(1)

Conflict Management

124

(1)

Approaches to Managing Conflict

124

(1)

Deescalation-of-Conflict Tactics

125

(1)

Strategies for Management of Conflict

126

(1)

Intrapersonal Conflict

126

(1)

Interpersonal Conflict

127

(2)

Group Conflict

129

(4)

Intergroup Conflict

133

(1)

Organizational Conflict

134

(1)

Prevention of Conflict

135

(1)

Chapter Summary

135

(1)

References

135

(1)

Bibliography

135

(1)

Case Study

136

(1)

Theories of Leadership

137

(36)

Chapter Objectives

137

(1)

Chapter Overview

138

(1)

Major Concepts and Definitions

138

(28)

Theories of Leadership

138

(1)

Great Man Theory

138

(1)

Charismatic Theory

139

(1)

Trait Theory

139

(2)

Situational Theory

141

(1)

Contingency Theory

141

(2)

Path-Goal Theory

143

(1)

Situational Leadership Theory

144

(1)

Transactional Leadership

145

(1)

Transformational Leadership

145

(1)

Integrative Leadership Model

146

(1)

Development of Management Thought

146

(1)

Scientific Management

146

(2)

Classic Organization

148

(1)

Human Relations

149

(1)

Behavioral Science

150

(7)

Transformational Leadership

157

(2)

Learning Organizations

159

(1)

Diversity Among Leaders

160

(1)

Diversity

160

(5)

Followership

165

(1)

Implications for Nursing Administration

166

(1)

Chapter Summary

166

(1)

References

167

(3)

Bibliography

170

(2)

Case Studies

172

(1)

PART TWO Management

173

(250)

Strategic and Operational Planning

174

(20)

Chapter Objectives

174

(1)

Chapter Overview

175

(1)

Major Concepts and Definitions

175

(17)

Planning Process

175

(1)

History of Strategic Planning

175

(1)

Purpose of Strategic Planning

176

(1)

Strategic Planning Process

176

(2)

Vision

178

(1)

Values

178

(1)

Purpose or Mission Statement

178

(1)

Philosophy

179

(1)

Goals and Objectives

180

(1)

Policies

181

(3)

Procedures

184

(8)

Chapter Summary

192

(1)

References

192

(1)

Bibliography

193

(1)

Case Study

193

(1)

Financial Management, Cost Containment, and Marketing

194

(36)

Chapter Objectives

194

(1)

Chapter Overview

195

(1)

Major Concepts and Definitions

195

(30)

History of Health Care Financing

196

(2)

Budgetary Leadership and Management

198

(1)

Budgets

198

(1)

Prerequisites to Budgeting

199

(1)

Applied Economics

199

(1)

Accounting

200

(1)

Types of Budgets

201

(1)

Operating, or Revenue-and-Expense, Budgets

201

(1)

Personnel Budgets

201

(1)

Capital Expenditure Budgets

201

(1)

Cash Budgets

202

(1)

Flexible Budgets

202

(1)

Zero-Based Budgeting

203

(1)

Periodic Budgetary Review

203

(1)

Advantages and Disadvantages

203

(1)

Advantages and Disadvantages of Flexible Budgets

203

(1)

Advantages of Budgeting

204

(1)

Disadvantages of Budgeting

204

(1)

Budgeting Process

204

(1)

Cost Containment

205

(1)

Cost Awareness

205

(1)

Cost Fairs

205

(1)

Cost Monitoring

205

(1)

Cost Management

205

(1)

Cost Incentives

205

(1)

Cost Avoidance

205

(1)

Cost Reduction

206

(1)

Cost Control

207

(1)

Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Benefit Analysis

207

(2)

Strategic Cost Decisions

209

(1)

Costing out Nursing Services

210

(1)

Personal Finances

211

(1)

Assess Personal Finances

211

(1)

Money Makes Money

211

(1)

Financial Goals

211

(1)

Investment Strategies

212

(1)

Marketing

212

(1)

Social Marketing

213

(1)

Trends in Marketing

213

(1)

Popcorn and Marigold's Cultural Trends

213

(2)

Leadership and Management of Strategic Planning for Marketing

215

(1)

Market Research

215

(1)

Marketing Concepts

216

(2)

Marketing Process

218

(7)

Implementation

225

(1)

Chapter Summary

225

(1)

References

226

(1)

Bibliography

227

(2)

Case Studies

229

(1)

Organizational Concepts and Structures

230

(32)

Chapter Objectives

230

(1)

Chapter Overview

231

(1)

Major Concepts and Definitions

231

(28)

Factors Affecting Organizational Structures

231

(1)

Organizational Charts

232

(4)

Chain of Command

236

(1)

Centrality

236

(1)

Unity of Command

236

(1)

Authority

236

(1)

Responsibility

236

(1)

Accountability

236

(1)

Span of Management

236

(2)

Levels of Management

238

(1)

Flat Versus Tall Structures

238

(1)

Decentralization Versus Centralization

239

(3)

Line-Staff Relationships

242

(1)

Line-Staff Conflict

243

(1)

Improving Line-Staff Relationships

244

(1)

Organizational Structure

244

(1)

Formal

244

(1)

Informal

244

(1)

Principles of Organization

245

(1)

Bureaucratic Structure

246

(1)

Line and Staff Structure

247

(1)

Functionalized Line and Staff Structure

248

(1)

Adhocracy Organizational Models

248

(11)

Chapter Summary

259

(1)

References

260

(1)

Bibliography

260

(1)

Case Studies

261

(1)

Organizational Culture and Change

262

(27)

Chapter Objectives

262

(1)

Chapter Overview

263

(1)

Major Concepts and Definitions

263

(22)

Culture of Individuals

263

(1)

Values

263

(1)

Attitudes

264

(1)

Perceptions

264

(1)

Cognitive Styles

264

(1)

Attitudes Toward Change

264

(1)

Interpersonal Needs

265

(1)

Personality

265

(1)

Roles

265

(1)

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

266

(1)

Diversity

266

(2)

Management of Cultural Diversity

268

(1)

Organizational Culture

269

(1)

Types of Cultures

270

(1)

Integrated or Differentiated Frames of Reference

270

(1)

Management of Change

271

(1)

Forces That Influence Change

271

(1)

Strategies for Effecting Change

271

(2)

Process of Change

273

(1)

Types of Change

274

(1)

Role of the Manager as Change Agent

275

(1)

Force-Field Analysis

276

(1)

Cultural Change in Organizations

277

(2)

Organizational Development

279

(1)

Behavioral Aspects of Organizational Change

280

(1)

Resistance to Change

281

(1)

Types of Organizational Change

282

(1)

Planning for Change

282

(2)

Strategies for Organizational Change

284

(1)

Chapter Summary

285

(1)

References

286

(1)

Bibliography

287

(1)

Case Studies

288

(1)

Selection and Development of Personnel

289

(37)

Chapter Objectives

289

(1)

Chapter Overview

290

(1)

Major Concepts and Definitions

290

(32)

Selection of Personnel

290

(1)

Recruitment and Retention

291

(2)

Screening of Potential Staff

293

(4)

Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action

297

(3)

Cultural Diversity

300

(1)

Americans With Disabilities Act

301

(1)

Job Redesign

301

(1)

Job Analysis

301

(1)

Job Evaluation

302

(2)

Job Design

304

(1)

Job Simplification

304

(1)

Job Rotation

304

(1)

Job Enrichment

305

(1)

Job Descriptions

305

(1)

Career Ladders

305

(4)

Orientation

309

(3)

Staff Development

312

(1)

Preceptorship

312

(1)

Mentorship

313

(1)

Career Planning

314

(1)

Choosing a Field of Nursing

314

(1)

Locating Job Openings

314

(1)

Resume

314

(1)

Career Mapping

315

(1)

Group Process

316

(2)

Team Development

318

(4)

Chapter Summary

322

(1)

References

323

(1)

Bibliography

324

(1)

Case Studies

325

(1)

Staffing and Scheduling

326

(27)

Chapter Objectives

326

(1)

Chapter Overview

327

(1)

Major Concepts and Definitions

327

(23)

Assignment Systems for Staffing

327

(1)

Case Method

328

(1)

Functional Nursing

328

(1)

Team Nursing

328

(3)

Modular, or District, Nursing

331

(1)

Primary Nursing

331

(1)

Case Management

332

(1)

Collaborative Practice

332

(1)

Managed Care

333

(1)

Differentiated Practice

334

(1)

Level of Staff

334

(1)

Staffing Schedules

335

(1)

Centralized Scheduling

335

(1)

Decentralized Staffing

336

(1)

Self-Scheduling

337

(1)

Alternating or Rotating Work Shifts

337

(2)

Permanent Shifts

339

(1)

Block, or Cyclical, Scheduling

340

(1)

Variable Staffing

340

(1)

Eight-Hour Shift, Five-Day Workweek

340

(1)

Ten-Hour Day, Four-Day Workweek

340

(1)

Ten-Hour Day Plus Five- or Six-Hour Shift

341

(1)

Ten-Hour Shift, Seven-Day Workweek

342

(1)

Twelve-Hour Shift, Seven-Day Workweek

342

(1)

Baylor Plan---Weekend Alternative

343

(1)

Variables Affecting Staffing

343

(1)

Staffing Studies

344

(1)

Patient Classification Systems

344

(1)

Time Standards

344

(1)

Staffing Formulas

345

(2)

Staffing to Meet Fluctuating Needs

347

(1)

Reductions in Force

348

(2)

Chapter Summary

350

(1)

References

350

(1)

Bibliography

351

(1)

Case Studies

352

(1)

Evaluation and Discipline of Personnel

353

(28)

Chapter Objectives

353

(1)

Chapter Overview

354

(1)

Major Concepts and Definitions

354

(24)

Purposes

355

(1)

Common Errors in Evaluation

355

(1)

Methods of Performance Management

356

(1)

Anecdotal Notes

356

(1)

Checklists

356

(1)

Rating Scales

356

(3)

Ranking

359

(1)

Management by Objectives

359

(2)

Self-Appraisal

361

(1)

Peer Review

361

(1)

Customer or Subordinate Evaluation

362

(1)

360 Degree Feedback

362

(1)

Appraisal Interview

362

(2)

Appraisal Reports

364

(1)

Legal Implications for Performance Appraisals

365

(1)

Discipline of Personnel

365

(1)

Need for Discipline

365

(1)

Principles of Disciplinary Action

366

(1)

Penalties

367

(1)

Components of a Disciplinary Action Program

367

(1)

Discipline Without Punishment

368

(1)

Modification of Employee Behavior

368

(1)

Reinforcement

369

(1)

Shaping

369

(1)

Extinction

369

(1)

Punishment

369

(1)

Behavior Modification for the Employee With a Performance Problem

370

(2)

Problem Employees

372

(1)

Substance Abusers

372

(2)

Angry or Withdrawn Employees

374

(1)

Decreased Productivity

374

(1)

Absenteeism

374

(1)

Terminating Employees

375

(1)

Employee Counseling

375

(1)

Outplacement Counseling

376

(2)

Chapter Summary

378

(1)

References

379

(1)

Bibliography

379

(1)

Case Studies

380

(1)

Continuous Quality Improvement, Risk Management, and Program Evaluation

381

(42)

Chapter Objectives

381

(1)

Chapter Overview

382

(1)

Major Concepts and Definitions

382

(36)

History of Continuous Quality Improvement

382

(2)

Quality Management Heroes

384

(3)

Continuous Quality Improvement

387

(1)

Tools and Processes for Continuous Quality Improvement

388

(8)

Program Evaluation

396

(1)

Calendar of Events

396

(1)

Committee Selection and Functions

396

(1)

Conceptual Framework

396

(1)

Review of the Literature

397

(1)

Program Evaluation Model

397

(1)

Instrument Development

397

(1)

Sources of Internal and External Invalidity

398

(2)

Research Designs

400

(3)

Methods of Data Collection

403

(1)

Sampling

404

(1)

Analysis of Data

405

(1)

History of Regulatory Influences and Changing Regulations

405

(2)

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations

407

(5)

Outcome and Assessment Information Set

412

(1)

Risk Management

412

(1)

Customer Satisfaction

413

(1)

Safety and Security

413

(1)

National Safety Council

413

(1)

Occupational Safety and Health Act

413

(2)

Liability Control

415

(2)

Testifying

417

(1)

Expert Witnesses

418

(1)

Chapter Summary

418

(1)

References

419

(2)

Bibliography

421

(1)

Case Study

422

(1)

Appendix

423

(2)

Index

425

(44)

Critical Thinking Activities

469

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Guide to Nursing Management and Leadership

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials