Hazop & Hazan: Identifying and Assessing

This revised edition provides the basics of applying hazard and operability study (Hazop) and hazard analysis (Hazan). Hazop is a creative but systematic method of identifying hazards in process plants. Hazard analysis is then used to quantify the risks from these hazards, and to assess how far to go in reducing them. This book is presented in easy-to-read style and explains: what a Hazop is, who carries it out, when, and how long it should take; points to watch during a Hazop; an example of a Hazop; Hazops on flowsheets; the stages of Hazard analysis; the Fatal Accident Rate; risks to the public; estimating how often an accident will occur, with examples; and pitfalls in Hazan.

Preface

iii

(8)

Forethoughts

xi

1 Hazard identification and assessment

1

(8)

1.1 Introduction

1

(4)

1.2 A note on nomenclature

5

(2)

1.3 Legal requirements

7

(2)

2 Hazard and operability studies (Hazop)

9

(68)

2.1 What is a Hazop?

9

(11)

2.2 Who carries out a Hazop, and what should be recorded?

20

(6)

2.3 When is a Hazop carried out and how long does it take?

26

(1)

2.4 Some points to watch during Hazop

27

(7)

2.5 An example of a Hazop

34

(3)

2.6 Could a computer carry out a Hazop?

37

(4)

2.7 The limitations of Hazop

41

(6)

2.8 `Do we need to Hazop this plant?' `It is only a simple project' or `It is similar to the last one'

47

(3)

2.9 The use of quantitative methods during Hazop

50

(1)

2.10 The use of Hazop in other industries

51

(3)

2.11 Other methods of identification

54

(2)

2.12 Auditing Hazop

56

(1)

2.13 Conclusion

56

(5)

Appendix to Chapter 2 -- Some accidents that could have been prevented by Hazops

61

(16)

A2.1 Reverse flow

61

(1)

A2.2 Bhopal

62

(1)

A2.3 A fire in a water sump

63

(1)

A2.4 A protective device that did not work

63

(1)

A2.5 Services and modifications -- two neglected areas

64

(1)

A2.6 A computer-controlled batch reaction

65

(2)

A2.7 Abbeystead -- an explosion in a water pumping station

67

(1)

A2.8 The Sellafield leak

67

(4)

A2.9 Formation of separate layers

71

(1)

A2.10 The need for different sorts of knowledge

72

(3)

A2.11 An incident from another industry

75

(2)

3 Hazard analysis (Hazan)

77

(75)

3.1 Objective

77

(1)

3.2 Why do we want to apply numerical methods to safety problems?

78

(2)

3.3 The stages of Hazan

80

(3)

3.4 Choosing targets or criteria

83

(22)

3.5 Estimating how often an incident will occur

105

(15)

3.6 Pitfalls in Hazan

120

(10)

3.7 The man or woman in the middle

130

(3)

3.8 Examples of Hazan

133

(10)

3.9 A summary of the main sources of error in Hazan

143

(1)

3.10 A final note

143

(5)

Appendix to Chapter 3 -- Belt and braces

148

(4)

4 A manager's guide to hazard analysis

152

(16)

4.1 Introduction

152

(1)

4.2 Arithmetic, algebra and units

153

(1)

4.3 The model

154

(4)

4.4 The unforeseen hazards

158

(1)

4.5 The assumptions

159

(1)

4.6 Data

160

(2)

4.7 Human reliability

162

(1)

4.8 The recommendations

163

(1)

4.9 Comparison with experience

164

(1)

4.10 Closed shop or open shop?

165

(3)

5 Objections to Hazop and Hazan

168

(27)

5.1 Objections to Hazop

168

(1)

5.2 Technical objections to Hazan

169

(12)

5.3 Popular objections to Hazan

181

(6)

5.4 The regulator's view

187

(6)

Appendix to Chapter 5 -- Limitations on the application of quantitative methods to railway travel

193

(2)

6 Sources of data and confidence limits

195

(8)

6.1 Data banks and data books

195

(1)

6.2 If failure has never occurred

196

(1)

6.3 Confidence limits

196

(1)

6.4 Data on mechanical equipment may be data on people

197

(1)

6.5 Chaos

198

(1)

6.6 Pitfalls in extrapolating data

199

(4)

7 The history of Hazop and Hazan

203

(10)

7.1 Hazop

203

(4)

7.2 Hazan

207

(6)

Conclusions

213

(1)

Addendum 1 -- An atlas of safety thinking

214

(4)

Addendum 2 -- Myths of Hazop and Hazan

218

(6)

Index

224

What is included with this book?

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

FREE SHIPPING

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Hazop & Hazan: Identifying and Assessing Process Industry Hazards, Fouth Edition

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials