The Heritage of World Civilizations Brief Edition, Volume 2
, by Craig, Albert M.; Graham, William A.; Kagan, Donald M.; Ozment, Steven; Turner, Frank M.
- ISBN: 9780205835478 | 0205835473
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 6/26/2011
Written by leading scholars in their respective fields, The Heritage of World Civilizationsoffers compelling and thorough coverage of the unique heritage of Asian, African,#xA0;Middle Eastern, European and American civilizations while highlighting the role of the world's great religious and philosophical traditions. This comprehensive yet accessible survey of world history has been extensively revised to provide an even more global and comparative perspective on the events and processes that have shaped our increasingly interdependent world.
Albert M. Craig is the Harvard-Yenching research professor of history emeritus at Harvard University, where he has taught since 1959. A graduate of Northwestern University, he received his Ph.D. at Harvard University. He has studied at Strasbourg University and at Kyoto, Keio and Tokyo universities in Japan. He is the author of Choshu in the Meiji Restoration (1961), The Heritage of Japanese Civilization (2011) and, with others, East Asia , Tradition and Transformation (1989). He is the editor of Japan , A Comparative View (1973) and co-editor of Personality in Japanese History (1970) and Civilization and Enlightnment: the Early Thought of Fukuzawa Yukichi (2009). He was the director of the Harvard-Yenching Institute. He has also been a visiting professor at Kyoto and Tokyo universities. He has received Guggenheim, Fulbright and Japan Foundation Fellowships. In 1988 he was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun by the Japanese government.
William A. Graham is the Albertson professor of Middle Eastern studies in the faculty of arts and sciences and the O’Brian professor of divinity and dean in the faculty of divinity at Harvard University, where he has taught for 34 years. He has directed the Center for Middle Eastern Studies and chaired the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, the Committee on the Study of Religion and the Core Curriculum Committee on Foreign Cultures. He received his B.A. in comparative literature from University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and an A.M. and Ph.D. in history of religion from Harvard. He also studied in Göttingen, Tübingen, Lebanon and London. He is the former chair of the Council on Graduate Studies in Religion (U.S. and Canada). In 2000 he received the quinquennial Award for Excellence in Research in Islamic History and Culture from the Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture (IRCICA) of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference. He has held John Simon Guggenheim and Alexander von Humboldt research fellowships and is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Among his publications are Beyond the Written Word: Oral Aspects of Scripture in the History of Religion (1987); Divine Word and Prophetic Word in Early Islam (1977—ACLS History of Religions Prize, 1978) and Three Faiths, One God (co-authored, 2003).
Donald Kagan is the Sterling professor of history and classics at Yale University, where he has taught since 1969. He received an A.B. degree in history from Brooklyn College, an M.A. in classics from Brown University and a Ph.D. in history from Ohio State University. Between 1958 and 1959 he studied at the American School of Classical Studies as a Fulbright scholar. He has received three awards for undergraduate teaching at Cornell and Yale. He is the author of a history of Greek political thought, The Great Dialogue (1965); a four-volume history of the Peloponnesian war, The Origins of the Peloponnesian War (1969); The Archidamian War (1974); The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition (1981); The Fall of the Athenian Empire (1987); a biography of Pericles, Pericles of Athens and the Birth of Democracy (1991); On the Origins of War (1995) and The Peloponnesian War (2003). He is co-author, with Frederick W. Kagan, of While America Sleeps (2000). With Brian Tierney and L. Pearce Williams, he is the editor of Great Issues in Western Civilization, a collection of readings. He was awarded the National Humanities Medal for 2002 and was chosen by the National Endowment for the Humanities to deliver the Jefferson Lecture in 2004.
Steven Ozment is the McLean professor of ancient and modern history at Harvard University. He has taught western civilization at Yale, Stanford and Harvard. He is the author of 11 books. The Age of Reform, 1250–1550 (1980) won the Schaff Prize and was nominated for the 1981 National Book Award. Five of his books have been selections of the History Book Club: Magdalena and Balthasar: An Intimate Portrait of Life in Sixteenth Century Europe (1986), Three Behaim Boys: Growing Up in Early Modern Germany (1990), Protestants: The Birth of A Revolution (1992), The Burgermeister’s Daughter: Scandal in a Sixteenth Century German Town (1996) and Flesh and Spirit: Private Life in Early Modern Germany (1999). His most recent publications are Ancestors: The Loving Family of Old Europe (2001), A Mighty Fortress: A New History of the German People (2004) and “Why We Study Western Civ,” The Public Interest 158 (2005).
Frank M. Turner was the John Hay Whitney professor of history at Yale University and director of the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University, where he served as university provost from 1988 to 1992. He received his B.A. degree at the College of William and Mary and his Ph.D. from Yale. He received the Yale College Award for Distinguished Undergraduate Teaching. He directed a national endowment for the Humanities Summer Institute. His scholarly research received the support of fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Guggenheim Foundation and the Woodrow Wilson Center. He is the author of Between Science and Religion: The Reaction to Scientific Naturalism in Late Victorian England (1974), The Greek Heritage in Victorian Britain (1981), which received the British Council Prize of the Conference on British Studies and the Yale Press Governors Award, Contesting Cultural Authority: Essays in Victorian Intellectual Life (1993) and John Henry Newman: The Challenge to Evangelical Religion (2002). He has also contributed numerous articles to journals and has served on the editorial advisory boards of The Journal of Modern History, Isis and Victorian Studies. He edited The Idea of a University by John Henry Newman (1996), Reflections on the Revolution in France by Edmund Burke (2003) and Apologia Pro Vita Sua and Six Sermons by John Henry Newman (2008). Between l996 and 2006 he served as a trustee of Connecticut College and between 2004 and 2008 as a member of the Connecticut Humanities Council.
Documents
Maps
Preface
Chapter 14: Africa CA. 1000—1700
North Africa and Egypt
The Spread of Islam South of the Sahara
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Africa, 1000—1700
Sahelian Empires of the Western and Central Sudan
The Eastern Sudan
The Forestlands–Coastal West and
Central Africa
A CLOSER LOOK Benin Bronze Plaque with Chief and Two Attendants
East Africa
Southern Africa
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Chapter 15: Europe to the Early 1500s: Revival, Decline, and Renaissance
Revival of Empire, Church, and Towns
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE The High Middle Ages in Western Europe
A CLOSER LOOK European Embrace of a Black Saint
Society
Growth of National Monarchies
Political and Social Breakdown
Ecclesiastical Breakdown and Revival:
The Late Medieval Church
The Renaissance in Italy (1375—1527)
Revival of Monarchy: Nation Building in the Fifteenth Century
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Part IV: The World in Transition, 1500 to 1850
Chapter 16: Europe, 1500—1650: Expansion, Reformation, and Religious Wars
The Discovery of a New World
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE European Expansion
The Reformation
The Reformation’s Achievements
A CLOSER LOOK A Contemporary Commentary on the Sexes
The Wars of Religion
Superstition and Enlightenment: The Battle Within
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD Christianity
Chapter 17: Conquest and Exploitation: The Development of the Transatlantic Economy
Periods of European Overseas Expansion
Mercantilist Theory of Economic Exploitation
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE The Atlantic World
Establishment of the Spanish Empire in America
Economies of Exploitation in the Spanish Empire
Colonial Brazil
French and British Colonies in North America
The Columbian Exchange: Disease, Animals, and Agriculture
Slavery in the Americas
Africa and the Transatlantic Slave Trade
A CLOSER LOOK The Slave Ship Brookes
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Chapter 18: East Asia in the Late Traditional Era
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE East Asia in the Late Traditional Era
Late Imperial China
Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911) Dynasties
Japan
Warring States Era (1467–1600)
Tokugawa Era (1600–1868)
A CLOSER LOOK Bridal Procession
Korea and Vietnam
Korea
Vietnam
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Chapter 19: State Building and Society in Early Modern Europe
European Political Consolidation
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Early Modern Europe
A CLOSER LOOK Versailles
European Warfare: From Continental to World Conflict
The Old Regime
Family Structures and the Family Economy
The Revolution in Agriculture
The Eighteenth-Century Industrial Revolution: An Event in World History
European Cities
The Jewish Population: Age of the Ghetto
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Chapter 20: The Last Great Islamic Empires, 1500–1800
The Ottoman Empire and the Eastern Mediterranean World
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE The Last Great Islamic Empires
The Safavid Empire and the West Asian World
The Mughals
A CLOSER LOOK The Mughal Emperor Jahangir
Honoring a Muslim Saint over Kings and Emperors
Central Asia: Islamization in the Post-Timur Era
Power Shifts in the Southern Oceans
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Part V: Enlightenment and Revolution in the Atlantic World, 1700–1850
Chapter 21: The Age of European Enlightenment
The Scientific Revolution
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE The European Enlightenment
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment and Religion
The Enlightenment and Society
Enlightened Absolutism
A CLOSER LOOK An Eighteenth-Century Artist Appeals to the Ancient World
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Chapter 22: Revolutions in the Transatlantic World
Revolution in the British Colonies in North America
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE The Transatlantic Revolutions
Revolution in France
A CLOSER LOOK Challenging the French Political Order
Wars of Independence in Latin America
Toward the Abolition of Slavery in the Transatlantic Economy
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Chapter 23: Political Consolidation in the Nineteenth-Century
Europe and North America
The Emergence of Nationalism in Europe
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE European and North American Political Consolidation
Early Nineteenth-Century Political Liberalism
Efforts to Liberalize Early Nineteenth-Century European
Political Structures
Testing the New American Republic
The Canadian Experience
Midcentury Political Consolidation in Europe
A CLOSER LOOK The Crimean War Recalled
Unrest of Nationalities in Eastern Europe
Racial Theory and Anti-Semitism
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Part VI: Into the Modern World, 1815–1949
Chapter 24: Northern Transatlantic Economy and Society, 1815–1914
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE The Building of Northern Transatlantic Supremacy
European Factory Workers and Urban Artisans
Nineteenth-Century European Women
Jewish Emancipation
European Labor, Socialism, and Politics to World War I
A CLOSER LOOK Bloody Sunday, Saint Petersburg 1905
North America and the New Industrial Economy
The Emergence of Modern European Thought
Islam and Late Nineteenth-Century European Thought
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Chapter 25: Latin America from Independence to the 1940S
Independence without Revolution
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Latin American History
Economy of Dependence
Search for Political Stability
Three National Histories
A CLOSER LOOK Benito Juárez
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Chapter 26: India, the Islamic Heartlands, and Africa, 1800–1945
The Indian Experience
British Dominance and Colonial Rule
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE The Challenge of Modernity: India, Islam, and Africa
From British Crown Raj to Independence
A CLOSER LOOK Gandhi and His Spinning Wheel
The Islamic Experience
Islamic Responses to Declining Power and
Independence
Western Political and Economic Encroachment
The Western Impact
Islamic Responses to Foreign Encroachment
The African Experience
New States and Power Centers
Islamic Reform Movements
Increasing European Involvement: Exploration and Colonization
Patterns in European Colonial Rule and African Resistance
The Rise of African Nationalism
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD Islam
Chapter 27: Modern East Asia
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Modern East Asia
Modern Japan (1853–1945)
Overthrow of the Tokugawa Bakufu (1853–1868)
A CLOSER LOOK East Meets the West
Building the Meiji State (1868–1890)
Growth of a Modern Economy
The Politics of Imperial Japan (1890–1945)
Japanese Militarism and German Nazism
Modern China (1839–1949)
Close of Manchu Rule
From Dynasty to Warlordism (1895–1926)
Cultural and Ideological Ferment: The May Fourth
Movement
Nationalist China
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Part VII: Global Conflict and Change, 1900–Present
Chapter 28: Imperialism and World War I
Expansion of European Power and the
“New Imperialism”
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Imperialism and the Great War
Emergence of the German Empire
World War I
A CLOSER LOOK The Development of the Armored Tank
The Russian Revolution
End of World War I
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Chapter 29: Depression, European Dictators, and the American New Deal
After Versailles: Demands for Revision and Enforcement
Toward the Great Depression in Europe
GOBAL PERSPECTIVE The Interwar Period in Europe and the United States
The Soviet Experiment
The Fascist Experiment in Italy
German Democracy and Dictatorship
A CLOSER LOOK The Nazi Party Rally
The Great Depression and the New Deal in the United States
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Chapter 30: World War II
Again the Road to War
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE World War II
World War II
The Domestic Fronts
A CLOSER LOOK The Vichy Regime in France
Preparation for Peace
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Chapter 31: The West Since World War II
The Cold War Era
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE The West Since 1945
Toward Western European Unification
European Society in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century and Beyond
American Domestic Scene since World War II
The Soviet Union to 1989
1989: Year of Revolutions in Eastern Europe
A CLOSER LOOK Collapse of the Berlin Wall
The Collapse of the Soviet Union
The Collapse of Yugoslavia and Civil War
Challenges to the Atlantic Alliance
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Chapter 32: East Asia: The Recent Decades
Japan
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Modern East Asia
China
A CLOSER LOOK Trial of a Landlord
Taiwan
Korea
Vietnam
SUMMARY
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Chapter 33: Postcolonialism and Beyond: Latin America, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East
Beyond the Postcolonial Era
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Democratization, Globalization, and Terrorism
Latin America since 1945
A CLOSER LOOK Mexican Farmers Protest in North American Free Trade Agreement
Postcolonial Africa
The Islamic Heartlands, from North Africa to Indonesia
The Postcolonial Middle East
SUMMAR
KEY TERMS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Suggested Readings
Credits
Index
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