High-yield Behavioral Science

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ISBN: 9781451130300 | 1451130309
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 7/23/2012

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High-Yieldâ„¢ Behavioral Science, Fourth Editionpresents a concise review of the behavioral science material tested on the USMLE Step 1. The High-Yieldâ„¢outline format, with tables, diagrams, photographs, and images to clarify important material, provides a concentrated, efficient review for both course exams and the USMLE. Patient Snapshots present clinical scenarios and pose specific questions. Annotated answers and explanations appear at the end of each chapter. This edition is thoroughly updated, consistent with DSM-IV-TR, and reorganized into six major sections: The Life Cycle; Biological and Psychological Bases of Behavior; Psychopathology; Social Behavior; The Practice of Medicine; and Epidemiology and Statistics.

Preface	p. ix
Acknowledgments	p. xi
Child Development	p. 1
Infancy: Birth to 15 Months	p. 1
The Toddler Years: 16 Months-2½ Years	p. 3
The Preschooler: 3-6 Years	p. 4
School Age: 7-11 Years	p. 5
Adolescence and Adulthood	p. 7
Adolescence: 11-20 Years	p. 7
Early Adulthood: 20-40 Years	p. 8
Middle Adulthood: 40-65 Years	p. 9
Aging, Death, and Bereavement	p. 11
Aging	p. 11
Drying, Death, and Bereavement	p. 12
Psychodynamic Theory and Defense Mechanisms	p. 14
Freud's Theories of the Mind	p. 14
Psychoanalysis and Related Therapies	p. 14
Defense Mechanisms	p. 15
Learning Theory and Behavioral Medicine	p. 18
Overview	p. 18
Habituation and Sensitization	p. 18
Classical Conditioning	p. 18
Operant Conditioning	p. 19
Application of Behavioral Techniques to Medicine	p. 21
Substance-Related Disorders	p. 23
Overview of Substance-Related Disorders	p. 23
Neurotransmitter Associations	p. 23
Identifying Substance Use Disorders	p. 25
Management of Substance Use Disorders	p. 27
Sleep	p. 28
The Awake State and the Normal Sleep State	p. 28
Sleep Disorders	p. 28
The Genetics of Behavior	p. 33
Genetics Studies	p. 33
Genetic Origins of Psychiatric Disorders	p. 33
Genetic Origins of Neuropsychiatric Disorders	p. 34
Alcoholism	p. 36
Behavioral Neuroanatomy and Neurochemistry	p. 37
Neuroanatomy	p. 37
Neurotransmission	p. 37
Biogenic Amines	p. 39
Amino Acid Neurotransmitters are Involved in Most Synapses in the Brain	p. 41
Psychopharmacology	p. 42
Agents Used to Treat Psychosis	p. 42
Agents Used to Treat Mood Disorders	p. 42
Agents Used to Treat Anxiety	p. 48
Psychoactive Medications in Pregnancy	p. 49
Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders	p. 51
Psychiatric Disorders: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Edition, Text Revision [DSM-IV-TRI]) and 5th Edition (DSM-5)	p. 51
Overview of Schizophrenia and the Psychotic Disorders	p. 52
Etiology	p. 54
Clinical Signs and Symptoms	p. 54
Prognosis and Management	p. 55
Mood Disorders	p. 57
Definition, Categories, and Epidemiology	p. 57
Etiology	p. 58
Clinical Signs and Symptoms	p. 59
Differential Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Management	p. 59
Cognitive Disorders	p. 61
Overview	p. 61
Dementia of the Alzheimer Type (Alzheimer Disease)	p. 62
Other Psychiatric Disorders	p. 65
Anxiety Disorders	p. 65
Somatoform Disorders, Factitious Disorder, and Malingering	p. 66
Personality Disorders	p. 67
Dissociative Disorders	p. 69
Obesity and Eating Disorders	p. 69
Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Childhood	p. 71
Suicide	p. 74
Epidemiology	p. 74
Suicidal Behavior	p. 74
Risk Factors	p. 74
Tests to Determine Neuropsychological Functioning	p. 77
Overview	p. 77
Intelligence Tests	p. 77
Personality Tests	p. 78
Neuropsychological Tests	p. 78
Psychological Evaluation of Patients with Psychiatric Symptoms	p. 79
Biological Evaluation of Patients with Psychiatric Symptoms	p. 80
The Family, Culture, and Illness	p. 83
The Family	p. 83
United States Culture	p. 84
Sexuality	p. 86
Sexual Development	p. 86
The Biology of Sexuality in Adulthood	p. 87
Sexual Dysfunction and Paraphilias	p. 88
Special Issues in Sexuality: Illness, Injury, and Aging	p. 90
Drugs and Sexuality	p. 91
Violence and Abuse	p. 93
Violence	p. 93
Abuse and Neglect of Children and the Elderly	p. 94
Physical and Sexual Abuse of Domestic Partners	p. 96
Sexual Aggression: Rape and Related Crimes	p. 96
The Physician-Patient Relationship	p. 98
Communicating with Patients	p. 98
The Ill Patient	p. 102
Adherence	p. 103
Stress and Illness	p. 104
Special Patient Populations	p. 105
Health Care Delivery	p. 107
Health Care Delivery Systems	p. 107
Physicians	p. 108
Cost of Health Care	p. 109
Health Insurance	p. 109
Demographics of Health	p. 110
Legal and Ethical Issues in Medical Practice	p. 112
Professional Behavior	p. 112
Legal Competence and Capacity	p. 113
Informed Consent	p. 113
Confidentiality	p. 114
Infectious Diseases	p. 115
Advance Directives	p. 115
Death and Euthanasia	p. 116
Epidemiology	p. 118
Overview	p. 118
Research Study Design	p. 118
Measurement of Risk	p. 119
Testing	p. 120
Statistical Analyses	p. 125
Variables and Measures of Dispersion and Central Tendency	p. 125
Hypothesis Testing	p. 127
Statistical Tests	p. 128
Index	p. 131
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High-yield Behavioral Science

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