Hydroponic Food Production : A Definitive Guidebook of Soilless Food-Growing Methods

, by Resh, Howard M., Ph.D.

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ISBN: 9780880072229 | 0880072229
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 3/1/2001

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Supplemental Materials

Introduction

(9)

The Past

(2)

The Present

(1)

The Future

(2)

Suitable Site Characteristics

(1)

Soil versus Soilless Culture

(4)

Plant Nutrition

(27)

Plant Constituents

(1)

Mineral and Essential elements

(3)

Plant Mineral and Water Uptake

(7)

The Soil

(2)

Soil and Plant Interrelations

(1)

Cation Exchange

(1)

Soil versus Hydroponics

(1)

Transfer of Water and Solutes from Soil (or Nutrient Solution) to Root

(1)

Movement of Water and Minerals across Membranes

(1)

The Upward Movement of Water and Nutrients

(2)

Plant Nutrition

(15)

Nutritional Disorders

(2)

Symptomatology

(4)

Use of a Key

(8)

References

(1)

The Nutrient Solution

(58)

Inorganic Salts (Fertilizers)

(3)

Recommended Compounds for Complete Nutrient Solutions

(1)

Fertilizer Chemical Analyses

(2)

Fertilizer Impurities

(1)

Nutrient Formulations

(16)

Atomic and Molecular Weights

(1)

Calculations of Nutrient Formulations

(7)

Calculations for Chemical Substitutions for Fertilizers

(3)

Nutrient Formulation Adjustments

(4)

Nutrient Stock Solutions

(22)

Injector or Proportioner System

(5)

Stock Solutions

(17)

Preparing the Nutrient Solution

106

(2)

Preparing Normal Strength Solutions

106

(1)

Preparing Stock Solutions

107

(1)

Plant Relations and Cause of Nutrient Solution Changes

108

(11)

Nutrient Analyses

109

(1)

Plant Tissue Analysis

109

(2)

Changing of Solutions

111

(1)

Adjustment of Nutrient Solutions by Use of Electrical Conductivity

112

(4)

Maintenance of the Solution Volume

116

(1)

References

116

(3)

The Medium

119

(10)

Medium Characteristics

119

(1)

Water Characteristics

120

(4)

Irrigation

124

(1)

Pumping of Nutrient Solution into Beds

125

(1)

Sterilization of Medium

126

(3)

References

128

(1)

Water Culture

129

(28)

Introduction

129

(1)

Early Commercial Methods

130

(1)

Raceway, Raft or Floating System

131

(10)

Aeroponics

141

(2)

Hydroponic Grass Units

143

(6)

Alfalfa and Bean Sprouts

149

(8)

Alfalfa Culture

149

(4)

Mung Bean Culture

153

(2)

References

155

(2)

Nutrient Film Technique

157

(69)

Introduction

157

(1)

Early NFT System

157

(2)

Later NFT Systems

159

(3)

Commercial NFT Systems

162

(7)

Nutrient Flow Technique: Vertical Pipes, A-Frame or Cascade Systems

169

(9)

Moveable NFT

178

(5)

Gutter and Pipe NFT Channel Systems

183

(6)

Double-Row NFT

189

(3)

Agri-Systems NFT

192

(8)

Ebb-and-Flow System

200

(3)

Outdoor NFT Watercress

203

(15)

NFT Basil and Mint

218

(6)

Advantages of the NFT Systems

224

(2)

References

224

(2)

Gravel Culture

226

(27)

Introduction

226

(1)

Media Characteristics

226

(2)

Subirrigation Gravel Culture

228

(15)

Frequency of Irrigation

228

(1)

Speed of Pumping and Drainage

229

(1)

Effect of the Irrigation Cycle on Plant Growth

230

(1)

Height of Irrigation

230

(1)

Nutrient Solution Temperature

231

(1)

Greenhouse Subirrigation System

231

(12)

Trickle-Irrigation Design

243

(7)

Advantages and Disadvantages of Trickle Irrigation

250

(1)

Sterilization of Gravel between Crops

251

(1)

Advantages and Disadvantages of Gravel Culture

252

(1)

References

252

(1)

Sand Culture

253

(28)

Introduction

253

(4)

Medium Characteristics

257

(1)

Structural Details

257

(4)

Beds with Plastic Liner

257

(2)

Greenhouse Floors Lined with Polyethylene

259

(2)

Drip (Trickle) Irrigation System

261

(4)

Planning a Drip-Irrigation System

261

(4)

Watering

265

(1)

Sterilization of Sand Beds between Crops

266

(1)

Operation and Productivity of Sand Culture Greenhouses in Arid Lands

267

(3)

Sand Culture of Herbs

270

(3)

Small-Scale Sand-Culture System

273

(4)

Advantages and Disadvantages of Sand Culture

277

(4)

References

279

(2)

Sawdust Culture

281

(30)

Introduction

281

(1)

The Growing Medium

281

(1)

Bed System

282

(3)

Bag System

285

(9)

Nutrient Solution Distribution System

294

(7)

Small-Scale Sawdust-Culture Systems

301

(1)

Advantages and Disadvantages of Sawdust Culture

302

(1)

Bark Culture

303

(8)

References

310

(1)

Rockwool Culture

311

(45)

Introduction

311

(1)

North American Greenhouse Vegetable Industry

311

(1)

Rockwool Composition

312

(1)

Rockwool Cubes and Blocks

313

(2)

Rockwool Slabs

315

(4)

Rockwool Layout

319

(3)

Irrigation System

322

(7)

Cucumbers in Rockwool

329

(6)

Tomatoes in Rockwool

335

(13)

Peppers in Rockwool

348

(3)

Recirculating Rockwool Systems

351

(3)

Advantages and Disadvantages of Rockwool Culture

354

(2)

References

355

(1)

Other Soilless Cultures

356

(60)

Introduction

356

(1)

Media

356

(5)

Peat

356

(1)

Vermiculite

357

(1)

Perlite

357

(1)

Pumice

357

(1)

Soilless Mixtures

358

(2)

Synthetic Foams (Plastoponics)

360

(1)

Coco Coir

361

(1)

Hydroponic Herbs

361

(14)

Growing Herbs in a Peat-Lite Mix

362

(5)

Growing Herbs in Rice Hulls

367

(8)

Foam Culture

375

(6)

Perlite Culture

381

(11)

Perlite Slabs

381

(5)

Perlite Bato Buckets

386

(6)

Column Culture

392

(8)

Sack Culture

400

(6)

Small-Scale Units

406

(3)

Popular Hydroponics

409

(4)

Sterilization of the Medium

413

(1)

Advantages and Disadvantages of Peat Mixtures

413

(3)

References

414

(2)

Tropical Hydroponics and Special Applications

416

(36)

Introduction

416

(3)

Hidroponias Venezolanas

419

(2)

Sand Culture in the Tropics

421

(16)

Ebb-and-Flow Water Culture of Watercress

437

(5)

Rice Hulls-Coco Coir Culture of Tomatoes, Cucumbers and Peppers

442

(4)

Special Applications

446

(6)

References

451

(1)

Plant Culture

452

(61)

Introduction

452

(1)

Seeding

452

(4)

Seedling Production

456

(9)

Tomato Seedling Culture

456

(3)

Cucumber Seedling Culture

459

(3)

Pepper Seedling Culture

462

(1)

Lettuce Seedling Culture

463

(1)

Herb Seedling Culture

463

(2)

Plant-Growing Temperatures

465

(2)

Light

467

(1)

Carbon Dioxide Enrichment

467

(1)

Transplanting

468

(1)

Spacing

469

(1)

Vegetative vs. Generative Growth

470

(2)

Feeding and Watering

472

(1)

Plant Support

472

(2)

Suckering and Trimming (Tomatoes, Cucumbers, and Peppers)

474

(6)

Pollination

480

(4)

Physiological Disorders

484

(1)

Diseases and Insects

485

(18)

Vegetable Varieties

503

(3)

Lettuce

505

(1)

Planting Schedules

506

(2)

Crop Termination

508

(2)

Special Considerations

510

(3)

References

511

(2)

Appendix 1: Hydroponic and Soilless-Culture Societies

513

(1)

Appendix 2: Greenhouse Production Resources

513

(5)

Appendix 3: Units of Measurement---Conversion Factors

518

(1)

Appendix 4: Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds

519

(2)

Appendix 5: Greenhouse and Hydroponic Suppliers

521

(18)

Bibliography

539

(18)

General Subject Index

557

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