Introduction to Probability and Statistics (with InfoTrac and CD-ROM)

, by Mendenhall, William; Beaver, Robert J.; Beaver, Barbara M.

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ISBN: 9780534395193 | 0534395198
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 8/2/2002

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INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS is one of the first texts published by Duxbury and has been blending innovation with tradition for over thirty years. It was the first statistics text to include case studies in it, and now in the eleventh edition, this text is the first to include java applets in the body of the text. It has been used by hundreds of thousands of students since its first edition. This new edition retains the excellent examples, exercises and exposition that have made it a market leader, and builds upon this tradition of excellence with new technology integration.

Introduction: An Invitation to Statistics

(1)

The Population and the Sample

(1)

Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

(1)

Achieving the Objective of Inferential Statistics: The Necessary Steps

(3)

Describing Data with Graphs

(43)

Variables and Data

(1)

Types of Variables

(2)

Graphs for Categorical Data

(6)

Graphs for Quantitative Data

(6)

Pie Charts and Bar Charts

(1)

Line Charts

(1)

Dotplots

(1)

Stem and Leaf Plots

(2)

Interpreting Graphs with a Critical Eye

(1)

Relative Frequency Histograms

(27)

Key Concepts

(3)

About MINITAB-Introduction to MINITAB

(5)

Supplementary Exercises

(7)

Do It Yourself Exercises

(1)

Case Study How Is Your Blood Pressure?

(2)

Describing Data with Numerical Measures

(43)

Describing a Set of Data with Numerical Measures

(1)

Measures of Center

(6)

Measures of Variability

(6)

On the Practical Significance of the Standard Deviation

(4)

A Check on the Calculation of s

(6)

Measures of Relative Standing

(3)

The Five-Number Summary and the Box Plot

(17)

Key Concepts and Formulas

(1)

About MINITAB-Numerical Descriptive Measures

(3)

Supplementary Exercises

(4)

Do it Yourself Exercises

(1)

Case Study the Boys of Summer

(2)

Describing Bivariate Data

(26)

Bivariate Data

(1)

Graphs for Qualitative Variables

(4)

Scatterplots for Two Quantitative Variables

(2)

Numerical Measures for Quantitative Bivariate Data

100

(19)

Key Concepts

108

(1)

About MINITAB-Describing Bivariate Data

109

(3)

Supplementary Exercises

112

(4)

Do It Yourself Exercises

116

(1)

Case Study Do You Think Your Dishes Are Really Clean?

117

(2)

Probability and Probability Distributions

119

(55)

The Role of Probability in Statistics

120

(1)

Events and the Sample Space

120

(3)

Calculating Probabilities Using Simple Events

123

(6)

Useful Counting Rules (Optional)

129

(7)

Event Relations and Probability Rules

136

(4)

Calculating Probabilities for Unions and Complements

138

(2)

Conditional Probability, Independence, and the Multiplicative Rule

140

(9)

Calculating Probabilities for Intersections

143

(6)

Bayes' Rule (Optional)

149

(5)

Discrete Random Variables and Their Probability Distributions

154

(20)

Random Variables

154

(1)

Probability Distributions

154

(3)

The Mean and Standard Deviation for a Discrete Random Variable

157

(7)

Key Concepts and Formulas

164

(1)

About MINITAB-Discrete Probability Distributions

164

(3)

Supplementary Exercises

167

(4)

Do It Yourself Exercises

171

(1)

Case Study Probability and Decision Making in the Congo

172

(2)

Several Useful Discrete Distributions

174

(31)

Introduction

175

(1)

The Binomial Probability Distribution

175

(12)

The Poisson Probability Distribution

187

(4)

The Hypergeometric Probability Distribution

191

(14)

Key Concepts and Formulas

194

(1)

About MINITAB-Binomial and Poisson Probabilities

195

(3)

Supplementary Exercises

198

(4)

Do It Yourself Exercises

202

(1)

Case Study A Mystery: Cancers Near a Reactor

203

(2)

The Normal Probability Distribution

205

(31)

Probability Distributions for Continuous Random Variables

206

(2)

The Normal Probability Distribution

208

(2)

Tabulated Areas of the Normal Probability Distribution

210

(10)

The Standard Normal Random Variable

210

(3)

Calculating Probabilities for a General Normal Random Variable

213

(7)

The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Probability Distribution (Optional)

220

(16)

Key Concepts and Formulas

228

(1)

About MINITAB-Normal Probabilities

228

(2)

Supplementary Exercises

230

(3)

Do It Yourself Exercises

233

(1)

Case Study The Long and the Short of It

234

(2)

Sampling Distributions

236

(38)

Introduction

237

(1)

Sampling Plans and Experimental Designs

237

(4)

Statistics and Sampling Distributions

241

(2)

The Central Limit Theorem

243

(4)

The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean

247

(6)

Standard Error

248

(5)

The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Proportion

253

(5)

A Sampling Application: Statistical Process Control (Optional)

258

(16)

A Control Chart for the Process Mean: The x Chart

259

(1)

A Control Chart for the Proportion Defective: The p Chart

260

(3)

Key Concepts and Formulas

263

(2)

About MINITAB-The Central Limit Theorem at Work

265

(2)

Supplementary Exercises

267

(4)

Do It Yourself Exercises

271

(1)

Case Study Sampling the Roulette at Monte Carlo

271

(3)

Large-Sample Estimation

274

(46)

Where We've Been

275

(1)

Where We're Going-Statistical Inference

275

(1)

Types of Estimators

276

(1)

Point Estimation

277

(7)

Interval Estimation

284

(10)

Constructing a Confidence Interval

284

(2)

Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Mean μ

286

(1)

Interpreting the Confidence Interval

287

(3)

Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion p

290

(4)

Estimating the Difference between Two Population Means

294

(5)

Estimating the Difference between Two Binomial Proportions

299

(4)

One-Sided Confidence Bounds

303

(2)

Choosing the Sample Size

305

(15)

Key Concepts and Formulas

310

(1)

Supplementary Exercises

311

(4)

Do It Yourself Exercises

315

(1)

Case Study How Reliable Is That Poll?

316

(4)

Large-Sample Tests of Hypotheses

320

(42)

Testing Hypotheses about Population Parameters

321

(1)

A Statistical Test of Hypothesis

321

(3)

A Large-Sample Test about a Population Mean

324

(13)

The Essentials of the Test

324

(3)

Calculating the p-Value

327

(4)

Two Types of Errors

331

(1)

The Power of a Statistical Test

332

(5)

A Large-Sample Test of Hypothesis for the Difference between Two Population Means

337

(6)

Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Intervals

339

(4)

A Large-Sample Test of Hypothesis for a Binomial Proportion

343

(5)

Statistical Significance and Practical Importance

345

(3)

A Large-Sample Test of Hypothesis for the Difference between Two Binomial Proportions

348

(5)

Some Comments on Testing Hypotheses

353

(9)

Key Concepts and Formulas

354

(1)

Supplementary Exercises

355

(3)

Do It Yourself Exercises

358

(1)

Case Study An Aspirin a Day...?

359

(3)

Inference from Small Samples

362

(64)

Introduction

363

(1)

Student's t Distribution

363

(4)

Assumptions behind Student's t Distribution

367

(1)

Small-Sample Inferences Concerning a Population Mean

367

(8)

Small-Sample Inferences for the Difference between Two Population Means: Independent Random Samples

375

(11)

Small-Sample Inferences for the Difference between Two Means: A Paired-Difference Test

386

(8)

Inferences Concerning a Population Variance

394

(7)

Comparing Two Population Variances

401

(8)

Revisiting the Small-Sample Assumptions

409

(17)

Key Concepts and Formulas

410

(1)

About MINITAB-Small-Sample Testing and Estimation

411

(3)

Supplementary Exercises

414

(9)

Do It Yourself Exercises

423

(1)

Case Study How Would You Like u Four-Day Work Week?

424

(2)

The Analysis of Variance

426

(57)

The Design of an Experiment

427

(1)

What Is an Analysis of Variance?

428

(1)

The Assumptions for an Analysis of Variance

428

(1)

The Completely Randomized Design: A One-Way Classification

429

(1)

The Analysis of Variance for a Completely Randomized Design

430

(12)

Partitioning the Total Variation in an Experiment

430

(3)

Testing the Equality of the Treatment Means

433

(2)

Estimating Differences in the Treatment Means

435

(7)

Ranking Population Means

442

(3)

The Randomized Block Design: A Two-Way Classification

445

(1)

The Analysis of Variance for a Randomized Block Design

446

(12)

Partitioning the Total Variation in the Experiment

446

(3)

Testing the Equality of the Treatment and Block Means

449

(2)

Identifying Differences in the Treatment and Block Means

451

(1)

Some Cautionary Comments on Blocking

452

(6)

The a x b Factorial Experiment: A Two-Way Classification

458

(1)

The Analysis of Variance for an a x b Factorial Experiment

459

(8)

Revisiting the Analysis of Variance Assumptions

467

(3)

Residual Plots

468

(2)

A Brief Summary

470

(13)

Key Concepts and Formulas

470

(1)

About MINITAB Analysis of Variance Procedures

471

(3)

Supplementary Exercises

474

(7)

Case Study ``A Fine Mess''

481

(2)

Linear Regression and Correlation

483

(49)

Introduction

484

(1)

A Simple Linear Probabilistic Model

484

(2)

The Method of Least Squares

486

(3)

An Analysis of Variance for Linear Regression

489

(5)

Testing the Usefulness of the Linear Regression Model

494

(8)

Inferences Concerning β, the Slope of the Line of Means

495

(3)

The Analysis of Variance F Test

498

(1)

Measuring the Strength of the Relationship: The Coefficient of Determination

498

(1)

Interpreting the Results of a Significant Regression

499

(3)

Diagnostic Tools for Checking the Regression Assumptions

502

(4)

Dependent Error Terms

503

(1)

Residual Plots

503

(3)

Estimation and Prediction Using the Fitted Line

506

(7)

Correlation Analysis

513

(19)

Key Concepts and Formulas

519

(1)

About MINITAB-Linear Regression Procedures

520

(3)

Supplementary Exercises

523

(5)

Do It Yourself Exercises

528

(1)

Case Study Is Your Car ``Made in the U.S.A.''?

529

(3)

Multiple Regression Analysis

532

(43)

Introduction

533

(1)

The Multiple Regression Model

533

(1)

A Multiple Regression Analysis

534

(6)

The Method of Least Squares

535

(1)

The Analysis of Variance for Multiple Regression

536

(1)

Testing the Usefulness of the Regression Model

537

(1)

Interpreting the Results of a Significance Regression

538

(1)

Checking the Regression Assumptions

539

(1)

Using the Regression Model for Estimation and Prediction

540

(1)

A Polynomial Regression Model

540

(8)

Using Quantitative and Qualitative Predictor Variables in a Regression Model

548

(8)

Testing Sets of Regression Coefficients

556

(3)

Interpreting Residual Plots

559

(1)

Stepwise Regression Analysis

560

(1)

Misinterpreting a Regression Analysis

561

(2)

Causality

561

(1)

Multicollinearity

561

(2)

Steps to Follow when Building a Multiple Regression Model

563

(12)

Key Concepts and Formulas

563

(1)

About MINITAB-Multiple Regression Procedures

564

(2)

Supplementary Exercises

566

(7)

Case Study ``Made in the U.S.A.''-Another Look

573

(2)

Analysis of Categorical Data

575

(35)

A Description of the Experiment

576

(1)

Pearson's Chi-Square Statistic

577

(1)

Testing Specified Cell Probabilities: The Goodness-of Fit Test

578

(4)

Contingency Tables: A Two-Way Classification

582

(8)

The Chi-Square Test of Independence

583

(7)

Comparing Several Multinomial Populations: A Two-Way Classification with Fixed Row or Column Totals

590

(4)

The Equivalence of Statistical Tests

594

(1)

Other Applications of the Chi-Square Test

595

(15)

Key Concepts and Formulas

596

(101)

About MINITAB-The Chi-Square Test

697

Supplementary Exercises

600

(7)

Do It Yourself Exercises

607

(1)

Case Study Can a Marketing Approach Improve Library Services?

608

(2)

Nonparametric Statistics

610

(53)

Introduction

611

(1)

The Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test: Independent Random Samples

611

(9)

Normal Approximation for the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test

615

(5)

The Sign Test for a Paired Experiment

620

(5)

Normal Approximation for the Sign Test

622

(3)

A Comparison of Statistical Tests

625

(1)

The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for a Paired Experiment

626

(6)

Normal Approximation for the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test

629

(3)

The Kruskal-Wallis H Test for Completely Randomized Designs

632

(6)

The Friedman Fr- Test for Randomized Block Designs

638

(5)

Rank Correlation Coefficient

643

(7)

Summary

650

(13)

Key Concepts and Formulas

650

(2)

About MINITAB - Nonparametric Procedures

652

(3)

Supplementary Exercises

655

(6)

Case Study How's Your Cholesterol Level?

661

(2)

Appendix I

663

(33)

Table 1 Cumulative Binomial Probabilities

664

(6)

Table 2 Cumulative Poisson Probabilities

670

(2)

Table 3 Areas under the Normal Curve

672

(3)

Table 4 Critical Values of t

675

(1)

Table 5 Critical Values of Chi-Square

676

(2)

Table 6 Percentage Points of the F Distribution

678

(8)

Table 7 Critical Values of T for the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, n1 ≤ n2

686

(2)

Table 8 Critical Values of T for the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, n = 5(1)50

688

(1)

Table 9 Critical Values of Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient for a One-Tailed Test

689

(1)

Table 10 Random Numbers

690

(2)

Table 11 Percentage Points of the Studentized Range, qα(k, df)

692

(4)

Answers to Selected Exercises

696

(19)

Index

715

(4)

Credits

719

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Introduction to Probability and Statistics (with InfoTrac and CD-ROM)

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials