Marine Mammals

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ISBN: 9780120885527 | 0120885522
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 12/5/2005

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Berta and Sumich have succeeded yet again in creating superior marine reading! This book is a succinct yet comprehensive text devoted to the systematics, evolution, morphology, ecology, physiology, and behavior of marine mammals. The first edition, considered the leading text in the field, is required reading for all marine biologists concerned with marine mammals. Revisions include updates of citations, expansion of nearly every chapter and full color photographs. This title continues the tradition by fully expanding and updating nearly all chapters.

Preface	p. ix
Acknowledgments	p. x
Introduction	p. 1
Marine Mammals-"What Are They?"	p. 1
Adaptations for Aquatic Life	p. 1
Scope and Use of This Book	p. 2
Time Scale	p. 2
Early Observations of Marine Mammals	p. 3
Emergence of Marine Mammal Science	p. 7
Further Reading and Resources	p. 9
References	p. 9
Evolutionary History
Systematics and Classification	p. 12
Introduction: Systematics-What Is It and Why Do It?	p. 12
Some Basic Terminology and Concepts	p. 13
How Do You Do Cladistics?	p. 17
Testing Phylogenetic Hypotheses	p. 19
Going Beyond the Phylogenetic Framework: Elucidating Evolutionary and Ecological Patterns	p. 21
Taxonomy and Classification	p. 22
Summary and Conclusions	p. 24
Further Reading	p. 24
References	p. 24
Pinniped Evolution and Systematics	p. 27
Introduction	p. 27
Origin and Evolution	p. 27
Summary and Conclusions	p. 46
Further Reading	p. 47
References	p. 47
Cetacean Evolution and Systematics	p. 51
Introduction	p. 51
Origin and Evolution	p. 51
Summary and Conclusions	p. 81
Further Reading	p. 81
References	p. 82
Sirenians and Other Marine Mammals: Evolution and Systematics	p. 89
Introduction	p. 89
Origin and Evolution of Sirenians	p. 89
The Extinct Sirenian Relatives-Desmostylia	p. 98
The Extinct Marine Bear-Like Carnivoran, Kolponomos	p. 100
The Extinct Aquatic Sloth, Thalassocnus natans	p. 102
The Sea Otter, Enhydra lutris	p. 102
The Polar Bear, Ursus maritimus	p. 105
Summary and Conclusions	p. 105
Further Reading	p. 107
References	p. 107
Evolutionary Biogeography	p. 111
Introduction-What Is Biogeography and Why Is It Important?	p. 111
Ecological Factors Affecting Distributions of Marine Mammals	p. 111
Present Patterns of Distribution	p. 117
Reconstructing Biogeographic Patterns	p. 119
Past Patterns of Distribution	p. 121
Summary and Conclusions	p. 127
Further Reading and Resources	p. 128
References	p. 129
Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, And Behavior
Integumentary and Sensory Systems	p. 132
Introduction	p. 132
Integumentary System	p. 132
Nerves and Sense Organs	p. 148
Summary and Conclusions	p. 156
Further Reading	p. 157
References	p. 157
Musculoskeletal System and Locomotion	p. 165
Introduction	p. 165
Pinnipeds	p. 165
Cetaceans	p. 178
Sirenians	p. 195
Sea Otter	p. 200
Polar Bear	p. 203
Summary and Conclusions	p. 203
Further Reading	p. 205
References	p. 206
Energetics	p. 213
Introduction	p. 213
Metabolic Rates	p. 213
Thermoregulation	p. 217
Energetics of Locomotion	p. 223
Osmoregulation	p. 229
Summary and Conclusions	p. 231
Further Reading	p. 232
References	p. 232
Respiration and Diving Physiology	p. 237
Introduction	p. 237
Problems of Deep and Prolonged Dives for Breath-Holders	p. 237
Pulmonary and Circulatory Adaptations to Diving	p. 239
Diving Response	p. 252
Diving Behavior and Phylogenetic Patterns	p. 254
Summary and Conclusions	p. 262
Further Reading	p. 262
References	p. 262
Sound Production for Communication, Echolocation, and Prey Capture	p. 270
Introduction	p. 270
Sound Propagation in Air and Water	p. 270
Anatomy and Physiology of Sound Production and Reception	p. 272
Functions of Intentionally Produced Sounds	p. 284
Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate and Low-Frequency Military Sonars	p. 302
Summary and Conclusions	p. 303
Further Reading	p. 304
References	p. 305
Diet, Foraging Structures, and Strategies	p. 312
Introduction	p. 312
Seasonal and Geographical Patterns of Prey Abundance	p. 313
Adaptations for Foraging in Pinnipeds	p. 314
Feeding Specializations of Cetaceans	p. 324
Feeding Specializations of Sirenians	p. 344
Feeding Specializations of Other Marine Mammals	p. 350
Summary and Conclusions	p. 354
Further Reading	p. 355
References	p. 355
Reproductive Structures, Strategies, and Patterns	p. 363
Introduction	p. 363
Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive System	p. 365
Mating Systems	p. 377
Lactation Strategies	p. 395
Reproductive Patterns	p. 402
Summary and Conclusions	p. 405
Further Reading	p. 406
References	p. 407
Population Structure and Dynamics	p. 416
Introduction	p. 416
Abundance and Its Determination in Marine Mammals	p. 417
Techniques for Monitoring Populations	p. 419
Population Structure and Dynamics	p. 432
Summary and Conclusions	p. 444
Further Reading	p. 445
References	p. 445
Exploitation and Conservation	p. 456
Introduction	p. 456
Commercial Exploitation of Marine Mammals	p. 456
Legal Framework for Marine Mammal Conservation and Protection	p. 460
Incidental Taking of Marine Mammals	p. 466
Environmental Contaminants	p. 472
Single Beachings vs Mass Strandings	p. 475
Ecotourism	p. 478
Progress and the Future	p. 480
Summary and Conclusions	p. 483
Further Reading	p. 483
References	p. 484
Classification of Marine Mammals	p. 491
Glossary	p. 513
Index	p. 521
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Marine Mammals

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