Morocco Courtyards and Gardens

In the North African land of Morocco, everydar-dwelling, religious institution, or commercial building is organized around an interior, walled courtyard that provides privacy from the bustle of urban streets and an outdoor space for social interaction and tranquil meditation. Over the course of centuries, ornamental schemes have evolved to incorporate not only native plant life but also intricate water features and patterned tile work known aszellij, all of central significance to the Moroccan culture and climate. Vitally important for providing shade and catching breezes in an arid landscape, Moroccan gardens are designed and cultivated with vibrant color and aromatic plants. Author Achva Benzinberg Stein explores the three main types of gardensthe simple and elegant paved patio form of theouest ed-dar, the more elaborately plantedriyad, and theagdal, an open, cultivated landscape. Striking color photographs, including numerous aerial views, show gardens and courtyards in Marrakech, Fez, and elsewhere.

Achva Benzinberg Stein is director of the Graduate Landscape Architecture Program and professor in the School of Architecture, Urban Design and Landscape Architecture at the City College of New York. Her landscape design practice is based in New York.