NMS Emergency Medicine

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ISBN: 9780781788847 | 0781788846
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 11/29/2006

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Completely revised to reflect current research and the demands of today's students, the second edition of NMS Emergency Medicine focuses on the most essential information that students need to successfully complete their emergency medicine clerkship. This invaluable resource provides readers with the knowledge base and procedural skills to evaluate and treat patients in the emergency department. All chapters have been thoroughly updated, User-friendly, outline format, Clinical features, differential diagnosis, patient evaluation, and therapy are discussed for most disorders, End-of-chapter, USMLE-style questions reinforce key points. Book jacket.

Preface

vii

Contributors

Part I: Acute Resuscitation

(32)

Resuscitation

(30)

Discussion

(1)

Approach to the patient

(1)

Airway

(7)

Breathing (ventilation)

(2)

Circulation

(7)

Specific resuscitation situations

(12)

Part II: Medical Emergencies

(462)

Cardiovascular Emergencies

(67)

Chest pain

(3)

Myocardial ischemic disease

(9)

Congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema

(4)

Rhythm disturbances

(8)

Implanted cardiac devices

(5)

Hypertension

(3)

Syncope

(3)

Valvular disease

(7)

Pericardial disease

(4)

Primary myocardial diseases

(5)

Infectious endocarditis

(4)

Vascular disease

(12)

Pulmonary Emergencies

102

(26)

Acute respiratory failure

102

(2)

Asthma

104

(2)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

106

(2)

Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (NCPE)

108

(1)

Hemoptysis

109

(2)

Pulmonary embolism

111

(3)

Pleural effusions

114

(1)

Pneumonia

115

(4)

Mycobacterial pulmonary disease

119

(2)

Pneumothorax

121

(7)

Gastrointestinal Emergencies

128

(31)

Abdominal pain

128

(4)

Esophageal disorders

132

(3)

Gastrointestinal foreign bodies

135

(2)

Peptic ulcer disease

137

(1)

Gastroenteritis of infectious origin

138

(2)

Intestinal disorders

140

(5)

Anorectal disorders

145

(2)

Hepatitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, and appendicitis

147

(5)

Hernia

152

(1)

Vascular disorders

153

(6)

Urogenital Emergencies

159

(21)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

159

(2)

Nephrolithiasis

161

(2)

Urinary retention

163

(2)

Renal failure

165

(2)

Genital lesions

167

(4)

Male urogenital problems

171

(9)

Infectious Disease Emergencies

180

(35)

Sepsis

180

(3)

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

183

(5)

Central nervous system infections

188

(6)

Sexually transmitted diseases (other than AIDS)

194

(2)

Upper respiratory tract infections

196

(6)

Skin and soft tissue infections

202

(3)

Bone infections (osteomyelitis)

205

(1)

Other infections

206

(9)

Metabolic Emergencies

215

(17)

Sodium imbalance

215

(2)

Potassium imbalance

217

(3)

Calcium imbalance

220

(2)

Magnesium imbalance

222

(1)

Acid-base imbalance

223

(9)

Endocrine Emergencies

232

(15)

Hypoglycemia

232

(1)

Diabetic ketoacidosis

233

(1)

Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma

234

(2)

Alcoholic ketoacidosis

236

(1)

Lactic acidosis

237

(1)

Thyroid disorders

238

(3)

Adrenal insufficiency and adrenal crisis

241

(1)

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

242

(5)

Neurologic Emergencies

247

(31)

Altered mental status and coma

247

(5)

Headache

252

(5)

Cerebrovascular accident

257

(5)

Vertigo

262

(2)

Seizures

264

(3)

Peripheral neuropathies

267

(2)

Multiple sclerosis

269

(2)

Muscle disorders

271

(2)

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

273

(5)

Rheumatologic and Allergic Emergencies

278

(37)

Anaphylaxis

278

(5)

Urticaria and angioedema

283

(2)

Neck pain

285

(5)

Thoracic and lumbar back pain

290

(5)

Monarticular arthritis

295

(6)

Polyarticular arthritis

301

(5)

Connective tissue disorders

306

(9)

Dermatologic Emergencies

315

(22)

Approach to the patient with dermatologic lesions

315

(1)

Disorders characterized by vesicular lesions

316

(2)

Disorders characterized by vesiculobullous lesions

318

(3)

Disorders characterized by papulosquamous eruptions

321

(1)

Dermatitis

322

(1)

Erythema nodosum

323

(1)

Fungal skin infections

324

(1)

Parasitic skin infections

325

(2)

Viral exanthems

327

(2)

Bacterial skin infections

329

(2)

Life-threatening dermatoses

331

(6)

Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat, and Dental Emergencies

337

(41)

Eye

337

(16)

Ear

353

(4)

Nose

357

(6)

Throat

363

(4)

Teeth, maxilla, and mandible

367

(11)

Psychiatric Emergencies

378

(9)

Organic brain disorders and psychosis

378

(1)

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa

379

(1)

Panic disorder

380

(1)

Conversion reactions

381

(1)

Depression and suicide

382

(5)

Obstetric and Gynecologic Emergencies

387

(30)

Pelvic pain

387

(2)

Ectopic pregnancy

389

(3)

Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy

392

(3)

Hypertension in pregnancy

395

(3)

Emergency delivery

398

(1)

Complications of parturition

399

(2)

Vaginitis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease

401

(4)

Abnormal vaginal bleeding in nonpregnant patients

405

(2)

Amenorrhea

407

(2)

Sexual assault

409

(8)

Pediatric Emergencies

417

(52)

Approach to the ill pediatric patient

417

(4)

Pain

421

(2)

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

423

(3)

Ingested foreign bodies

426

(2)

Respiratory tract infections

428

(10)

Otitis media

438

(3)

Congenital heart disease

441

(3)

Kawasaki disease

444

(2)

Bacteremia, meningitis, and sepsis

446

(2)

Gastrointestinal disorders

448

(11)

Seizures

459

(3)

Child abuse

462

(7)

Hematologic and Oncologic Emergencies

469

(26)

Approach to the bleeding patient

469

(5)

Hematologic emergencies

474

(12)

Oncologic emergencies

486

(9)

Part III: Traumatic Emergencies

495

(82)

Traumatic Emergencies

497

(43)

Introduction

497

(1)

General approach to the trauma patient

497

(2)

Traumatic shock

499

(2)

Head injuries

501

(4)

Spinal injuries

505

(3)

Penetrating and blunt neck trauma

508

(3)

Thoracic trauma

511

(5)

Abdominal trauma

516

(3)

Pelvic trauma

519

(3)

Genitourinary trauma

522

(4)

Pediatric trauma

526

(4)

Trauma in pregnancy

530

(3)

Burns

533

(7)

Orthopedic Emergencies

540

(19)

Introduction

540

(6)

Hand and wrist injuries

546

(3)

Forearm, elbow, upper arm, and shoulder injuries

549

(2)

Pelvis, hip, and femur injuries

551

(1)

Knee injuries

552

(1)

Lower leg, ankle, and foot injuries

553

(1)

Complications of orthopedic injuries

554

(5)

Wound Emergencies

559

(18)

Stages of wound healing

559

(1)

Prehospital care of wounds

559

(1)

Evaluation of wounds in the emergency department (ED)

560

(2)

Wound care

562

(4)

Wound closure

566

(3)

Care of specific wound types

569

(1)

Follow-up care

570

(7)

Part IV: Toxicologic and Environmental Emergencies

577

(78)

Toxicologic Emergencies

579

(38)

Approach to the patient

579

(3)

Over-the-counter drugs

582

(5)

Prescription drugs

587

(10)

Drugs of abuse

597

(3)

Toxic alcohols

600

(3)

Carbon monoxide

603

(1)

Anticholinergics

604

(1)

Industrial chemicals

605

(3)

Iron toxicity

608

(2)

Caustic ingestions

610

(7)

Environmental Emergencies

617

(38)

Introduction

617

(1)

Cold-related illness and injury

617

(7)

Heat-related illness

624

(4)

High-altitude emergencies

628

(4)

Scuba diving injuries

632

(3)

Drowning and near-drowning

635

(2)

Smoke inhalation injuries

637

(2)

Lightning injuries

639

(2)

Venomous snakebites

641

(2)

Insect and arachnid bites and stings

643

(5)

Venomous marine animal injuries

648

(7)

Part V: Special Considerations

655

(40)

Emergency Medical Services

657

(16)

History of emergency medical services (EMS)

657

(2)

Models of EMS delivery

659

(1)

EMS personnel

660

(3)

EMS dispatch

663

(1)

Medical direction of EMS

663

(2)

EMS equipment

665

(2)

Air EMS

667

(1)

EMS at mass gatherings

667

(1)

EMS research

668

(5)

Disaster Medicine

673

(8)

Defining disasters

673

(1)

Phases of disaster response

674

(3)

Role of the emergency physician

677

(1)

Federal disaster resources

677

(1)

Disaster research

678

(3)

Legal Issues

681

(14)

Introduction

681

(1)

Informed consent

682

(1)

Patient confidentiality and reportable conditions

683

(2)

Involuntary holds

685

(1)

Patient transfer laws

686

(9)

Index

695

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NMS Emergency Medicine

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials