The Oxford Handbook of the Egyptian Economy

The Oxford Handbook of the Egyptian Economy offers a comprehensive and timely analysis of Egypt's development trajectory, aiming to inform forward-looking policies grounded in evidence and multidimensional research. At its core lies a single guiding question: What would it take to unlock Egypt's full development potential in a way that is more inclusive, sustainable, and resilient to future shocks? The book brings together contributions from over 70 leading experts, researchers, and practitioners to examine the key drivers of Egypt's economic and social outcomes. Structured into six thematic parts, the Handbook delves into the country's macroeconomic fundamentals, sectoral reforms, environmental challenges, and human development priorities. The final section examines institutional reform, governance, social capital, and the megatrends shaping the country's long-term future. This should prove invaluable for government officials, multilateral organizations, academic researchers, students, development practitioners, and all those interested in understanding Egypt's path toward sustainable development.

Synthesis: A Path to a Different Egypt: More Prosperous, Equitable, and Sustainable, Mahmoud Mohieldin, Marcelo Giugale, and Racha RamadanPart 1. Macroeconomic Stances and PoliciesChapter 1. The Renewed Challenge of Sustained Growth in Egypt, Norman Loayza and Thomas P. RomanoChapter 2. Growth Accounting for Egypt: What Are the Proximate Sources of Growth?, Iman ElshairChapter 3. Budget and Fiscal Policies: What the Books Actually Say, Israa A. El HusseinyChapter 4. Unlocking Egypt's Public Revenue Potential: A Deep Dive into Tax and Nontax Avenues, Mohamed ZakyChapter 5. Egypt's Debt: Historical Origins and Persistent Challenges, Sarah El-Khishin and Maha RashiedChapter 6. Dilemma: Dominance, Tug of War, or Balancing Compromises?, Dina KassabChapter 7. Monetary and Exchange Rate Policies: Egypt's Version of the Mundell Trilemma, Ahmed Kamaly, Mona Esam Fayed, and Hebatalla Atef EmamChapter 8. Inflation Targeting and Anchoring of Inflation Expectations: Trust Me, Ahmed RagabChapter 9. Macroeconomic Policies in Egypt: Learning from Recurring Cycles to Build Resilience, Roberta Gatti and Jala YoussefPart 2. Sectoral Developments and Market DynamicsChapter 10. Investment in Egypt: State Dominance Hampers Private-Sector Growth, Reham ElDesoki and Ania ThiemannChapter 11. Financial Development and Economic Growth in Egypt: Does Finance Really Matter?, Mohammed Omran, Noha Emara, and Ahmed El SayedChapter 12. The Changing Landscape of Competition in Egypt: Evolution in Policy, Institutions, and Market Dynamics, Dina Kassab, Marina Iskander, and Mahmoud MomtazChapter 13. Global Value Chains in Egypt: Overview, Challenges, and Opportunities, Nora Aboushady and Chahir ZakiChapter 14. Spatial Concentration of Greenfield Foreign Direct Investment, Shimaa HanafyChapter 15. Well-Being and Digitalization in Egypt: Connected but Not Happy, Suzanna Elmassah and Eslam A. HassaneinChapter 16. Egypt's Economic Transformation: Challenges in Productivity Growth, and Labor Reallocation, Sara Alnashar, Mazen Fathy, and Fatma El AshmawyChapter 17. Jobs: The Elusive Quest for Quantity and Quality, Hanan Nazier and Mona ElsayedChapter 18. The Evolution of Labor Laws, Informality, and Women's Participation in Egypt, Shireen AlAzzawi and Vladimir HlasnyChapter 19. Empowering Women: Unlocking Economic Potential in Egypt, Rana HendyPart 3. The State of Human DevelopmentChapter 20. Population Dynamics and Sustainable Development: The Egg or the Hen?, Magued Osman and Hanan GirgisChapter 21. The Political Economy of Egyptian Migration, Ibrahim AwadChapter 22. Education in Egypt: The Long March toward Competence, Suzanna Elmassah and Nadine A. DessoukyChapter 23. Health and the Economy: The Impact of Noncommunicable Diseases, Sameh El-Saharty and Mariam M. HamzaChapter 24. The Political Economy of Universal Health Coverage in Egypt, Dina Atef MandourChapter 25. The Dynamics of Socio-economic Inequality of Malnutrition in Egypt, Khadija Bchi, Mohamad A. Khaled, Paul Makdissi, and Myra YazbeckPart 4. Critical Aspects of Poverty and InequalityChapter 26. Poverty in Egypt: A Comprehensive Analysis, Khalid Abu-Ismail, Heba El-Laithy, Noha Omar, and Reham RizkChapter 27. Egypt's Ailing Middle Class: Socio-economic Shifts 1995-2020, Khalid Abu-Ismail, Dina Armanious, Wafaa El-Baba, and Heba El-LaithyChapter 28. Economic and Social Inequalities in the Long Run, Khalid Abu-Ismail, Rihab Baltaji, and Vladimir HlasnyChapter 29. Do Formal and Informal Institutions Promote Gender Equality in Egypt?, Marina Hesham and Racha RamadanChapter 30. Violence against Women and Girls: Determinants and Costs of Abuse, Perihane Badr and Racha RamadanChapter 31. Social Protection in Egypt: Assessment of Policies and Examination of Outcomes, Sarah Mansour and Mazen HassanChapter 32. The Social Protection Regime in Egypt: What Is It For? (Is It "a Case of a Torn Bladder?"), Hania SholkamyPart 5. Environmental Dimensions and the Impact of Climate ChangeChapter 33. The Nile River: A Historical Overview and Contemporary Challenges in Water Management, Amira Elayouty and Hala Abou-AliChapter 34. Navigating the Crossroads: Climate Change, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Economic Sectors in Egypt, Hala Abou-Ali, Damyana Bakardzhieva, and Reham RizkChapter 35. Strengthening the Adaptation of the Egyptian Economy to Climate Change, Ede Ijjasz-Vasquez and Hala Abou-AliChapter 36. A Journey through Egypt's Agricultural Policies, Assem Abu HatabChapter 37. Urbanization and Egypt's Invasion of the Desert: At What Cost?, David Sims and Sameh WahbaPart 6. GovernanceChapter 38. A History of Shifting Ideology and Weak Implementation, Sarah El-KhishinChapter 39. Governance and Economic Development in Egypt: The Interlinkages, Asmaa EzzatChapter 40. Social Capital among Egyptians: Measurement, Factors, and Possible Interventions, Mazen Hassan and Sarah MansourChapter 41. Centralization, Decentralization, and Localization for Sustainable Development, Suzanna Elmassah and Rawda AliChapter 42. Megatrends Unveiled: Catalysts for Transformation, Eman Moustafa and Amira El-ShalChapter 43. Disruptions: White and Black Swans, Amira El-Shal and Eman Moustafa