The Presidency, Congress, and Divided

Can presidents hope to be effective in policy making when Congress is ruled by the other party? Political scientist Richard S. Conley brings to this crucial discussion a fresh perspective. He argues persuasively that the conditions of "divided government" have changed in recent years, and he applies a rigorous methodology that allows the testing of a number of important assumptions about party control of the legislative process and the role of the president.

Conley demonstrates that recent administrations have faced a very different playing field than those in the earlier postwar years because of such critical developments in electoral politics as decreasing presidential coattails and the lack of presidential popularity in opposition members' districts. Moreover, he identifies several changes in the institutional setting in Congress that have affected both the legislative success rates of presidents' programs and the strategies presidents pursue. These institutional factors include more assertive legislative majorities, changes in leadership structure, and in

Richard S. Conley, an assistant professor of political science at the University of Florida, has had a number of articles on American and Canadian politics published in scholarly journals. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Maryland and a M.A. from McGill University in Montreal, Canada

List of Illustrations	p. xi
List of Tables	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xv
Introduction: Party Control and Presidential Leverage in Political Time	p. 3
The Legislative Presidency and Eras of Congress: A Longitudinal Analysis	p. 44
Truman, Eisenhower, and Divided Government	p. 84
Nixon and Divided Government	p. 110
Reagan and Divided Government	p. 126
Bush, Clinton, and Divided Government	p. 142
Kennedy, Johnson, and Unified Government at the Crossroads of Eras	p. 167
Carter, Clinton, and Unified Government in the Postreform/Party-Unity Era	p. 190
Conclusion	p. 214
Mayhew's Significant Domestic Laws	p. 223
Modeling Congressional Support for the President	p. 233
Presidential Position Votes, 80th House	p. 237
Notes	p. 239
Bibliography	p. 259
Index	p. 275
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The Presidency, Congress, and Divided Government

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