- ISBN: 9781464163449 | 1464163448
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 2/14/2014
Edition after edition, Hockenbury and Hockenbury’s bestseller finds innovative ways to fulfill its enduring mission: to provide an accessible introduction to psychology that will connect the course to students’ lives without oversimplifying the field’s research foundations. Again anchored by the Hockenburys’ personal storytelling approach, the rigorously updated new edition offers a wealth of new material and features (including a three-dimensional model brain that can be bound with each textbook) and a dramatically expanded media/supplements package. DSM 5 UpdatesAvailable for Fall 2014 classes, this update version features new content from Sandra Hockenbury in response to the release of the DSM-5. This new content is integrated into the text without changing pagination or the structure of the chapters. A special DSM 5 Supplement by Sandra Hockenbury is available for Fall 2013 and Spring and Summer 2014 courses.
Don H. Hockenbury is Associate Professor of Psychology at Tulsa Community College, where he has had the privilege of teaching undergraduates for more than 30 years. Although he enjoys the unique challenges of teaching online, the classroom remains Don’s favorite forum for teaching students about the science and personal relevance of psychology. He is a recipient of the Tulsa Community College Award for Teaching Excellence. Don’s educational background includes a B.S. in psychology and an M.A. in clinical psychology, both from the University of Tulsa. Before he began his teaching career, he worked in psychiatric facilities and in private practice.
Don’s favorite research interests include the scientific study of sleep and dreaming, biopsychology, memory, psychological disorders, and the history of psychology. Don belongs to several professional organizations, including the Association of Psychological Science (APS), the American Psychological Association (APA), the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), and the Sleep Research Society (SRS).Sandra E. Hockenbury is a science writer who specializes in psychology. Sandy received her B.A. from Shimer College and her M.A. from the University of Chicago, where she was also a research associate at the Institute of Social and Behavioral Pathology. Prior to co-authoring Psychology and Discovering Psychology, Sandy worked for several years as a psychology editor in both academic and college textbook publishing. Sandy has also taught as an adjunct faculty member at Tulsa Community College.
Sandy’s areas of interest include positive psychology, cross-cultural psychology, and the intersection of Buddhist philosophy, neuroscience, and psychology. She is a member of the American Psychological Association (APA), the Association of Psychological Science (APS), and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Sandy is a member of the Board of Trustees of Shimer College and recently served as a volunteer with Nomads Clinic, a nonprofit organization that brings medical care to remote areas in the Himalayan regions of Nepal and the Tibetan Plateau.
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Don and Sandy’s daughter, Laura, is a college senior and geology major who, like her parents, has wide-ranging interests, including climate change, sustainable development, psychology, and the arts. A classical and improvisational pianist, co-director of her college comedy sketch group, and enthusiastic member of the 2011 Division III Ultimate college women’s championship team, Laura has recently taken up the mandolin.
Don’s favorite research interests include the scientific study of sleep and dreaming, biopsychology, memory, psychological disorders, and the history of psychology. Don belongs to several professional organizations, including the Association of Psychological Science (APS), the American Psychological Association (APA), the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), and the Sleep Research Society (SRS).Sandra E. Hockenbury is a science writer who specializes in psychology. Sandy received her B.A. from Shimer College and her M.A. from the University of Chicago, where she was also a research associate at the Institute of Social and Behavioral Pathology. Prior to co-authoring Psychology and Discovering Psychology, Sandy worked for several years as a psychology editor in both academic and college textbook publishing. Sandy has also taught as an adjunct faculty member at Tulsa Community College.
Sandy’s areas of interest include positive psychology, cross-cultural psychology, and the intersection of Buddhist philosophy, neuroscience, and psychology. She is a member of the American Psychological Association (APA), the Association of Psychological Science (APS), and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Sandy is a member of the Board of Trustees of Shimer College and recently served as a volunteer with Nomads Clinic, a nonprofit organization that brings medical care to remote areas in the Himalayan regions of Nepal and the Tibetan Plateau.
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Don and Sandy’s daughter, Laura, is a college senior and geology major who, like her parents, has wide-ranging interests, including climate change, sustainable development, psychology, and the arts. A classical and improvisational pianist, co-director of her college comedy sketch group, and enthusiastic member of the 2011 Division III Ultimate college women’s championship team, Laura has recently taken up the mandolin.
1. Introduction and Research Methods
Prologue: Miracle Magnets
Introduction: The Origins of Psychology
Contemporary Psychology
Culture and Human Behavior: What Is Cross-Cultural Psychology
The Scientific Method
Critical Thinking: What Is Critical Thinking?
Descriptive Research Methods
Science Versus Pseudoscience: What Is a Pseudoscience?
The Experimental Method
Ethics in Psychological Research
Focus on Neuroscience: Psychological Research Using Brain-Imaging
In Focus: Questions About the Use of Animals in Psychological Research
Closing Thoughts
Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology: Psychology in the Media: Becoming an Informed Consumer
• updated discussion of the nature—nurture issue
• revised introduction to the scientific method
• new case study example illustrates use of this method in psychological research
• new example of survey, including a new table, helps students understand research methods
• revised discussion of limitations of experiments and variations in experimental design includes extended example of natural experiment
• new captions expand upon topics such as naturalistic observation (“Parents Behaving Badly?”) and natural experiments (“Using a Natural Experiment to Study the ‘Freshman Fifteen’”)
2. Neuroscience and Behavior
Prologue: Asha’s Story
Introduction: Neuroscience and Behavior
The Neuron: The Basic Unit of Communication
The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communication Throughout the Body
Focus on Neuroscience: Is Runner’s High an Endorphin Rush?
A Guided Tour of the Brain
Focus on Neuroscience: Mapping the Pathways of the Brain
Science Versus Pseudoscience: Phrenology: The Bumpy Road to Scientific Progress
Focus on Neuroscience: Juggling and Brain Plasticity
Specialization in the Cerebral Hemispheres
Critical Thinking: His and Her Brains
Science Versus Pseudoscience: Brain Myths
Closing Thoughts
Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology: Maximizing Your Brain’s Potential
• new section, “Glial Cells: More Than Just the Brain’s Packing Material,” helps to distinguish the different kinds of glial cells and describes the composition and function of the myelin sheath
• new figure illustrates different kinds of neurons
• revised discussion of drug effects on neurotransmitters introduces new key terms, agonist and antagonist
• new discussion of traumatic brain injury, concussion, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy
• new Focus on Neuroscience, “Mapping the Pathways of the Brain,” introduces a new brain-scanning technique, diffusion spectrum imaging, and the Human Connectome Project
• streamlined Science Versus Pseudoscience box on phrenology
• new, highly topical caption on chronic traumatic encephalopathy in pro and amateur athletes (“The Dangers of Cumulative Concussions”)
3. Sensation and Perception
Prologue: Learning to See
Introduction: What Are Sensation and Perception?
Science Versus Pseudoscience: Subliminal Perception
Vision: From Light to Sight
Focus on Neuroscience: Vision, Experience, and the Brain
Hearing: From Vibration to Sound
The Chemical and Body Senses: Smell, Taste, Touch, and Position
In Focus: Do Pheromones Influence Human Behavior?
Perception
Culture and Human Behavior: Ways of Seeing
Critical Thinking: ESP: Can Perception Occur Without Sensation?
Perceptual Illusions
The Effects of Experience on Perceptual Interpretations
Culture and Human Behavior: Culture and the Müller-Lyer Illusion: The Carpentered-World Hypothesis
Closing Thoughts
Application: Strategies to Control Pain
• revised box on subliminal messages introduces the latest 2011 research
• revised In Focus box, “Do Pheromones Influence Human Behavior?” includes new material on human chemosignals
• revised discussion of factors that influence pain “gates” describes recent research on the use of odors to manipulate mood
• revised box on the impact of culture on perception
• revised Critical Thinking box on ESP presents Daryl Bem’s controversial precognition research
• application updated with the latest 2011 research on meditation
4. Consciousness and Its Variations
Prologue: A Knife in the Dark
Introduction: Consciousness: Experiencing the Private “I”
Biological and Environmental “Clocks” That Regulate Consciousness Sleep
In Focus: What You Really Want to Know About Sleep
Dreams and Mental Activity During Sleep
Focus on Neuroscience: The Dreaming Brain: Turning REM On and Off
In Focus: What You Really Want to Know About Dreams
Sleep Disorders
Hypnosis
Critical Thinking: Is Hypnosis a Special State of Consciousness?
Meditation
Psychoactive Drugs
Focus on Neuroscience: The Addicted Brain: Diminishing Rewards
Focus on Neuroscience: How Methamphetamines Erode the Brain
Closing Thoughts
Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology: Stimulus Control Therapy for Insomnia
• new introductory section on the functions of consciousness
• new section on attention and inattentional blindness
• streamlined coverage of circadian rhythms, sleep and memory formation, and sleep disorders
• revised discussion of the activation-synthesis model of dreaming
• expanded meditation coverage includes the neuroscience of meditation
• updated research on the effects of drugs
• new coverage of the dangers of prescription painkillers
• streamlined application
5. Learning
Prologue: The Killer Attic
Introduction: What Is Learning?
Classical Conditioning: Associating Stimuli
In Focus: Watson, Classical Conditioning, and Advertising
Contemporary Views of Classical Conditioning
In Focus: Evolution, Biological Preparedness and Conditioned Fears: What Gives You the Creeps?
Operant Conditioning: Associating Behaviors and Consequences
In Focus: Changing the Behavior of Others: Alternatives to Punishment
Critical Thinking: Is Human Freedom Just an Illusion?
Focus on Neuroscience: Virtual Operant Conditioning: Remote-Controlled “Ratbots”
Contemporary Views of Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning: Imitating the Actions of Others
Focus on Neuroscience: Mirror Neurons: Imitation in the Brain?
Critical Thinking: Does “Reel” Violence Cause Real Aggressive Behavior?
Closing Thoughts
Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology: Using Learning Principles to Improve Self-Control
• new examples of stimulus discrimination and generalization
• new section, “What Happened to Little Albert?”
• updated information on the use of punishment
• revised Critical Thinking box, “Is Human Freedom Just an Illusion?” explores the use of virtual gaming systems to promote social good
• new examples of superstition in professional sports
• updated research on mirror neurons in humans
• updated research on observational learning in nonhuman animals
• new research on entertainment education programs
• revised discussion of the effect of media violence on behavior
• updated research on biological preparedness and conditioned fears
6. Memory
Prologue: The Drowning
Introduction: What Is Memory?
Culture and Human Behavior: Cultural Differences in Early Memories
Retrieval: Getting Information from Long-Term Memory
Forgetting: When Retrieval Fails
In Focus: Déjà Vu: An Illusion of Memory
Imperfect Memories: Errors, Distortions, and False Memories
Critical Thinking: The Memory Wars: Recovered or False Memories?
The Search for the Biological Basis of Memory
Focus on Neuroscience: Assembling Memories: Echoes and Reflections of Perception
In Focus: H.M. and Famous People
Focus on Neuroscience: Mapping Brain Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease
Closing Thoughts
Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology: Superpower Memory in Minutes per Day!
• new coverage of the episodic buffer in Baddeley’s working memory model
• updated research on culture and autobiographical memory
• streamlined discussion of the encoding specificity principle
• new captions on topics such as “tip-of-the-fingers” experience
7. Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
Prologue: The Movie Moment
Introduction: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
Solving Problems and Making Decisions
Critical Thinking: The Persistence of Unwarranted Beliefs
Language and Thought
Culture and Human Behavior: The Effect of Language on Perception
Measuring Intelligence
In Focus: Does a High IQ Score Predict Success in Life?
The Nature of Intelligence
In Focus: Neurodiversity: Beyond IQ
Culture and Human Behavior: Stereotype Threat: Performing When There’s a “Threat in the Air”
Closing Thoughts
Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology: A Workshop on Creativity
• new Focus on Neuroscience on insight in the brain
• updated research on the linguistic relativity hypothesis
• new Focus on Neuroscience on language and the brain including bilingualism
• revised creativity coverage
8. Motivation and Emotion
Prologue: One Step at a Time
Introduction: Motivation and Emotion
Motivational Concepts and Theories
Biological Motivation: Hunger and Eating
Critical Thinking: Has Evolution Programmed Us to Overeat?
Focus on Neuroscience: Dopamine Receptors and Obesity
Psychological Needs as Motivators
Emotion
Focus on Neuroscience: Emotions and the Brain
Critical Thinking: Emotion in Nonhuman Animals: Laughing Rats, Silly Elephants, and Smiling Dolphins?
Theories of Emotion: Explaining Emotion
Closing Thoughts
Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology: Turning Your Goals into Reality
• updated discussion of short-terms signals that regulate eating
• new research on dopamine receptors and obesity
• new cross-cultural examples of the subjective experience of emotion
9. Lifespan Development
Prologue: Future Plans
Introduction: Your Life Story
Genetic Contributions to Your Life Story
Prenatal Development
Development During Infancy and Childhood
Culture and Human Behavior: Where Does the Baby Sleep?
Science Versus Pseudoscience: Can a DVD Program Your Baby to Be a Genius?
Adolescence
Focus on Neuroscience: The Adolescent Brain: A Work in Progress
Adult Development
Critical Thinking: The Effects of Child Care on Attachment and Development
Late Adulthood and Aging
Focus on Neuroscience: Boosting the Aging Brain
The Final Chapter: Dying and Death
Closing Thoughts
Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology: Raising Psychologically Healthy Children
• fully revised prologue explores how we perceive our own life stories
• updated discussion of epigenetics includes recent research on the impact of early stress
• revised coverage of teratogens
• revised and reorganized discussion of physical development in infants now includes cephalocaudal and proximodistal trends
• new Science Versus Pseudoscience box investigates claims that baby videos work to accelerate language and cognitive development
• new material on the timing of puberty
• new material on adolescent social development explores peer influence and romantic and sexual relationships
• revised discussion of the development of moral reasoning
• expanded discussion of menopause
• updated statistics on marriage and the family in the U.S.
• new placement of Critical Thinking box, “The Effects of Child Care on Attachment and Development,” emphasizes importance of this issue to working parents
• new material on cognitive function in late adulthood
• revised application attends to parenting practices in other cultures
• new Focus on Neuroscience, “Boosting the Aging Brain”
10. Gender and Sexuality
Prologue: Soaring with Angels
Introduction: Gender and Sexuality
Gender Stereotypes and Gender Roles
Critical Thinking: Are Women Really More Emotional Than Men?
Gender-Role Development: Blue Bears and Pink Bunnies
In Focus: Beyond Male and Female: Variations in Gender Identity
Human Sexuality
Culture and Human Behavior: Evolution and Mate Preference
Sexual Behavior
Focus on Neuroscience: Romantic Love and the Brain
In Focus: Everything You Wanted to Know About Sexual Fantasies
In Focus: Hooking Up
Sexual Disorders and Problems
Closing Thoughts
Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology: Men, Women, and Conflict: Bridging the Gender Gap
• revised discussion of sexual attitudes includes the latest data
• new material on motivation of sexual behavior in humans includes coverage of pheromones
• more nuanced discussion of sexual orientation, with the latest prevalence estimates
• section on sexual behavior updated with results from the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior
• revised coverage of sexual problems
• new box on “hooking up”
11. Personality
Prologue: The Secret Twin
Introduction: What Is Personality?
The Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality
The Humanistic Perspective on Personality
Critical Thinking: Freud Versus Rogers on Human Nature
The Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality
The Trait Perspective on Personality
Focus on Neuroscience: Personality Traits and Patterns of Brain Activity
In Focus: Explaining Those Amazing Identical-Twin Similarities
Assessing Personality: Psychological Tests
Science Versus Pseudoscience: Graphology: The “Write” Way to Assess Personality?
Closing Thoughts
Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology: Possible Selves: Imagine the Possibilities
• new section on non-Western views of the self
• updated research on the genetics of personality
• new coverage of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test
12. Social Psychology
Prologue: The “Homeless” Man
Introduction: What Is Social Psychology?
Person Perception: Forming Impressions of Other People
Focus on Neuroscience: Brain Reward When Making Eye Contact with Attractive People
Attribution: Explaining Behavior
Culture and Human Behavior: Explaining Failure and Murder: Culture and Attributional Biases
The Social Psychology of Attitudes
Understanding Prejudice
Conformity: Following the Crowd
Obedience: Just Following Orders
Critical Thinking: Abuse at Abu Ghraib: Why Do Ordinary People Commit Evil Acts?
Helping Behavior: Coming to the Aid of Strangers
Closing Thoughts
Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology: The Persuasion Game
• revised discussion of social categorization
• revised Focus on Neuroscience box, “Brain Reward When Making Eye Contact with Attractive People”
• new discussion of implicit attitudes testing
• new coverage of ethical replications of Milgram’s study
• new captions explore topics such as implicit personality theory (“A Charitable Guy?”)
13. Stress, Health, and Coping
Prologue: Fire and Ash
Introduction: What Is Stress?
Culture and Human Behavior: The Stress of Adapting to a New Culture
Physical Effects of Stress: The Mind-Body Connection
Focus on Neuroscience: The Mysterious Placebo Effect
Individual Factors That Influence the Response to Stress
Critical Thinking: Do Personality Factors Cause Disease?
In Focus: Providing Effective Social Support
Coping: How People Deal with Stress
In Focus: Gender Differences in Responding to Stress: “Tend and Befriend” or “Fight-or-Flight?”
Closing Thoughts
Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology: Minimizing the Effects of Stress
• new prologue, “Fire and Ash,” relates how two women responded to the stress of a major disaster
• new introduction to stress and healthy psychology explains the concept of a gratitude list
• expanded discussion of life events scale
• new section on traumatic event covers posttraumatic stress disorder
• new section on developing resilience
• revised discussion of daily hassles
• fully revised discussion of social and cultural sources of stress attends to perceived social status and includes a new figure
• new section on work stress and burnout
• new section on stress, chromosomes, and aging explores the latest research on telomeres and telomerase; includes three new figures
• new examples of research evidence for the importance of close relationships in our ability to deal with stressors
• revised discussion of gender discussion in the effects of social support
• revised coverage of coping strategies includes new cross-cultural research
14. Psychological Disorders
Prologue: Behind the Steel Door
Introduction: Understanding Psychological Disorders
Critical Thinking: Are People with a Mental Illness as Violent as the Media Portray Them?
Anxiety Disorders: Intense Apprehension and Worry
Mood Disorders: Emotions Gone Awry
Critical Thinking: Does Smoking Cause Depression and Other Psychological Disorders?
Personality Disorders: Maladaptive Traits
The Dissociative Disorders: Fragmentation of the Self
Schizophrenia: A Different Reality
Focus on Neuroscience: The Hallucinating Brain
Culture and Human Behavior: Travel Advisory: The Jerusalem Syndrome
Focus on Neuroscience: Schizophrenia: A Wildfire in the Brain
Closing Thoughts
Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology: Understanding and Helping to Prevent Suicide
• revised prologue, “Behind the Steel Door”
• more thorough discussion of DSM-IV-TR includes specific critiques
• new Critical Thinking box on what defines a psychological disorder, with reference to DSM-V
• new tables on age of onset and lifetime prevalence of psychological disorders in the United States
• new cross-cultural examples
• updated and expanded application on understanding and helping to prevent suicide
• new captions on specific disorders help readers relate to the material (“Jeff Tweedy and Panic Disorder,” “Invisible Wounds: PTSD Among Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans,” “Howard Hughes and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder,” “Carrie Fisher and Bipolar Disorder,” “Size 0: An Impossible Cultural Ideal?” “Dissociative Fugue: When Identity Goes ‘Off Line,’” Herschel Walker and Dissociative Identity Disorder,” “Young Adulthood and Schizophrenia”
15. Therapies
Prologue
Introduction: Psychotherapy and Biomedical Therapy
Psychoanalytic Therapy
Humanistic Therapy
Behavior Therapy
In Focus: Using Virtual Reality to Conquer Phobias
Cognitive Therapies
Group and Family Therapy
In Focus: Self-Help Groups: Helping Yourself by Helping Others
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Psychotherapy
Science Versus Pseudoscience: EMDR: Can You Wave Your Fears Away?
Culture and Human Behavior: Cultural Values and Psychotherapy
Biomedical Therapies
Focus on Neuroscience: Comparing Psychotherapy and Antidepressant Medication
Closing Thoughts
Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology: What to Expect in Psychotherapy
• new prologue on a day in the life of a clinical psychologist
• new section on antidepressants and placebo
• updated research on the effectiveness of self-help groups
Appendix A: Statistics: Understanding Statistics
Prologue: The Tables Are Turned: A Psychologist Becomes a Research Subject
Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics
Endnote
Appendix B: Industrial/Organizational Psychology
What Is Industrial/Organization Psychology?
History of I/O Psychology
Industrial (Personnel) Psychology
Organizational Behavior
In Focus: Servant Leadership: When It’s Not All About You
Workplace Trends and Issues
In Focus: Name, Title, Generation
Employment Settings, Type of Training, Earning, and Employment Outlook
• new cognitive and mechanical ability test samples
Appendix C: APA Goals and Outcomes
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