A Room at a Time How Women Entered Party

In this important volume, Jo Freeman brings us the very full, rich story of how American women entered into political life and party politics-well before suffrage and, in many cases, completely separate from it. She shows how women carefully and methodically learned about the issues, the candidates, and the institutions, put themselves to work, and made themselves indispensable not only to the men running for office, but to the political system overall.

Preface and Acknowledgments

ix

Introduction: Feminists, Reformers, and Party Women

1

(1)

Myth as History

1

(3)

Political Women

4

(2)

Political Parties

6

(3)

Social Movements and Party Systems: Where Do Women Fit?

9

(18)

Social Movements

9

(2)

Party Systems

11

(9)

Where Do Women Fit?

20

(7)

Cracking Open the Door: Women and Partisanship in the Nineteenth Century

27

(20)

Female Reform

28

(3)

Woman's Rights

31

(1)

Partisanship

32

(5)

Women in Politics

37

(5)

Partisanship and Suffrage

42

(5)

Assaulting the Citadel: Woman Suffrage and the Political Parties

47

(16)

Woman Suffrage and the Progressive Movement

47

(3)

Opposition to Woman Suffrage

50

(3)

Female Reform Organizations

53

(4)

Feminism

57

(2)

Nawsa and Nonpartisanship

59

(4)

Learning the Ropes: Emergence of the Party Woman

63

(22)

The New Party Woman

65

(5)

The Election of 1912

70

(6)

The Election of 1916

76

(5)

The Parties Respond

81

(4)

Making a Place: The Women's Divisions

85

(24)

The Democrats

86

(10)

The Republicans

96

(11)

Success But Not Survival

107

(2)

Party Organization: The Evolution of Fifty---Fifty

109

(14)

The Colorado Plan

110

(1)

The National Committees

111

(2)

The Committee Officers

113

(1)

State and Local Party Committees

114

(5)

The Futility of 50-50

119

(4)

Down Different Paths: Women's Organizations and Political Parties after 1920

123

(26)

The League of Women Voters

124

(5)

The National Woman's Party

129

(5)

The Women's Progressive Network

134

(4)

Other Feminist Organizations

138

(1)

Prohibition and Repeal

139

(4)

Peace and Patriotism

143

(6)

Building a Base: Women in Local Party Politics

149

(30)

Bringing Women into the Parties

150

(3)

Political Clubs

153

(10)

Keeping Women in Their Place

163

(1)

Political Machines

164

(6)

Sex Solidarity and Sex Prejudice

170

(4)

Illusion and Disillusion

174

(2)

Female Infiltration

176

(3)

Doing Their Bit: Women in National Party Politics

179

(24)

The National Conventions

180

(3)

The Convention Committees

183

(1)

Women's Work in Presidential Campaigns

184

(15)

The Woman's Vote?

199

(4)

Having a Say: Women's Issues in the Party Platforms

203

(10)

Claiming a Share: Presidential Appointments of Women

213

(14)

Expanding Women's Sphere

214

(1)

Presidential Appointments

215

(12)

Conclusion

227

(10)

Opportunities and Constraints

229

(5)

What Women Accomplished

234

(3)

Sources, Citations, and Abbreviations

237

(4)

Notes

241

(70)

References

311

(28)

Index

339

(14)

About the Author

353

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A Room at a Time How Women Entered Party Politics

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Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials