Schaum's Outline of Physics for Pre-Med, Biology, and Allied Health Students

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ISBN: 9780070254749 | 0070254745
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 12/22/1997

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Students of medicine and the life sciences will appreciate the special perspective of this invaluable study guide. It explains how physics principles and concepts apply in these particular fields, including more than 70 drawings and graphs to help students visualize, understand and remember the relationships. The hundreds of problems solved step-by-step also help boost learning and grades by reinforcing the ideas and aiding recall.

Chapter 1 MATHEMATICS FUNDAMENTALS

(24)

1.1 Functional Analysis

(3)

Illustrative Example 1.1. Poiseuille's Law and Blood Flow

(1)

1.1.1 Slope and y Intercept

(1)

Illustrative Example 1.2. Poiseuille's Law and Blood Flow Revisited

(1)

1.1.2 Coordinate Systems

(1)

1.2 Types of Functions

(10)

1.2.1 Polynomial Functions

(1)

Illustrative Example 1.3. Applications of Polynomial Functions

(2)

1.2.2 Power Functions

(1)

Illustrative Example 1.4. Applications of Power Functions

(1)

1.2.3 Trigonometric Functions

(2)

Illustrative Example 1.5. Applications of Trigonometric Functions

(1)

1.2.4 Exponential Functions

(1)

Illustrative Example 1.6. Applications of Exponential Functions

(1)

1.2.5 Logarithmic Functions

(1)

Illustrative Example 1.7. Applications of Logarithmic Functions

(1)

1.3 Differential Calculus

(2)

Illustrative Example 1.8. Particle Motion

(1)

1.4 Integral Calculus

(1)

Illustrative Example 1.9. Particle Motion Revisited

(1)

1.5 Ordinary Differential Equations

(2)

Illustrative Example 1.10. Growth and Decay Biological Processes

(1)

Illustrative Example 1.11. Harmonic Oscillator

(1)

Supplementary Problems

(6)

Chapter 2 UNITS AND DIMENSIONS

(8)

2.1 Significant Figures

(1)

2.2 Scientific Notation

(1)

2.3 Units and Dimensional Analysis

(1)

2.4 Conversion Factors

(2)

2.5 Systems of Units

(1)

2.6 Problem-Solving Techniques

(1)

Supplementary Problems

(2)

Chapter 3 VECTORS

(23)

3.1 Definitions of Vectors

(1)

3.2 Resolution of Vectors

(4)

Illustrative Example 3.1. Vector Representation of DNA

(1)

3.3 Addition of Vectors

(3)

3.3.1 Graphical Method of Vector Addition

(3)

3.3.1.1 Parallelogram Method of Vector Addition

(1)

3.3.1.2 Polygon Method of Vector Addition

(3)

3.3.2 Analytic Method of Vector Addition

(1)

3.4 Subtraction of Vectors

(2)

3.5 Multiplication of Vectors

(2)

3.5.1 Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar

(1)

3.5.2 Dot Product of Vector Multiplication

(1)

3.5.3 Cross Product of Vector Multiplication

(1)

3.6 Physical and Biological Applications of Vectors

(6)

Illustrative Example 3.2. Particle Motion and Dynamics

(1)

Illustrative Example 3.3. Skeletal Mechanics

(1)

Illustrative Example 3.4. Vessel Bifurcation

(3)

Illustrative Example 3.5. Velocity Profile of Blood Flow

(1)

Supplementary Problems

(5)

Chapter 4 PLANAR MOTION

(17)

4.1 Definitions of Planar Motion

(2)

Illustrative Example 4.1. X-ray Angiography and Blood Flow Measurement

(1)

4.2 Types of Planar Motion

(11)

4.2.1 Linear Motion

(6)

4.2.2 Projectile Motion

(1)

Illustrative Example 4.2. Criminal Investigation of a Fall

(4)

Supplementary Problems

(4)

Chapter 5 STATICS

(23)

5.1 Definitions of Statics

(1)

5.2 Newton's Laws of Motion

(1)

5.2.1 Newton's First Law: All Mass Contains Inertia

(1)

Illustrative Example 5.1. Blood Flow

(1)

5.2.2 Newton's Second Law: XXXF = ma

(1)

Illustrative Example 5.2. Blood Flow Revisited

(1)

5.2.3 Newton's Third Law: Law of Action and Reaction

(1)

Illustrative Example 5.3. Skeletal Mechanics of Standing

(1)

Illustrative Example 5.4. Locomotion of an Octopus

(1)

5.3 State of Translational Equilibrium

(2)

5.4 Friction

(1)

Illustrative Example 5.5. Osteoarthritis and Friction at Skeletal Joints

(1)

5.5 Free-Body Diagrams

(11)

Illustrative Example 5.6. Skeletal Mechanics: Raising the Arm

(1)

Illustrative Example 5.7. Skeletal Mechanics: The Hip

(8)

Illustrative Example 5.8. Traction Systems

(1)

5.6 Center of Gravity

(1)

5.7 Center of Mass

(1)

Illustrative Example 5.9. Center of Mass of a Water Molecule

(1)

5.8 Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation

(1)

Supplementary Problems

(5)

Chapter 6 PARTICLE DYNAMICS: WORK, ENERGY, POWER

(17)

6.1 Definitions of Particle Dynamics

(8)

6.1.1 Work Done by a Constant Force

(1)

6.1.2 Work Done by Pressure

(1)

6.1.3 Word Done by a Variable Force

(1)

Illustrative Example 6.1. Cardiac Stress and Treadmill Exercise

(1)

Illustrative Example 6.2. Work Done by Normal and Diseased Hearts

(3)

Illustrative Example 6.3. Work Done by Breathing

102

(1)

Illustrative Example 6.4. Hooke's Law and the Work of a Spring

102

(1)

6.1.4 Power

103

(1)

Illustrative Example 6.5. Power Output of the Heart

104

(1)

6.2 Mechanical Efficiency

104

(1)

Illustrative Example 6.6. Mechanical Efficiency of the Heart

104

(1)

6.3 Energy of a Particle: Kinetic and Potential

105

(4)

Illustrative Example 6.7. Dynamics of Bumblebee Flight

105

(2)

Illustrative Example 6.8. Conversion of Potential Energy to Kinetic Energy during a Fall

107

(2)

Supplementary Problems

109

(4)

Chapter 7 MOMENTUM AND IMPULSE

113

(12)

7.1 Definitions of Momentum and Impulse

113

(3)

Illustrative Example 7.1. Impulsive Force and Injury due to a Fall

113

(3)

7.2 Conservation of Linear Momentum

116

(6)

7.2.1 Elastic Collisions

117

(1)

7.2.2 Inelastic Collisions

117

(5)

Supplementary Problems

122

(3)

Chapter 8 ROTATIONAL MOTION

125

(14)

8.1 Definitions of Rotational Motion

125

(11)

Illustrative Example 8.1. Blood Flow in Curved and Tortuous Vessels

128

(1)

Illustrative Example 8.2. Ultracentrifuge

129

(7)

Supplementary Problems

136

(3)

Chapter 9 ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS

139

(20)

9.1 Definitions of Rotational Dynamics

139

(4)

9.2 Parallel-Axis Theorem

143

(1)

9.3 Rotational Equilibrium

143

(1)

9.4 Rotational Dynamics

144

(1)

9.5 Conservation of Angular Momentum

144

(1)

9.6 Newton's Laws of Rotational Motion

145

(11)

Illustrative Example 9.1. Skeletal Mechanics of the Joint: Elbow

151

(2)

Illustrative Example 9.2. Skeletal Mechanics of the Joint: Hip

153

(1)

Illustrative Example 9.3. Skeletal Mechanics of the Joint: Ankle

154

(2)

Supplementary Problems

156

(3)

Chapter 10 OSCILLATORY MOTION

159

(15)

10.1 Definitions of Oscillatory Motion

159

(1)

10.2 Physical Characteristics of Simple Harmonic Motion

159

(5)

Illustrative Example 10.1. Blood Flow Waveforms

160

(1)

Illustrative Example 10.2. Electrocardiogram

161

(3)

10.3 Dynamics of a Spring

164

(2)

10.3.1 Potential Energy of a Spring

164

(1)

10.3.2 Kinetic Energy of a Spring

165

(1)

10.3.3 Total Mechanical Energy of a Spring

165

(1)

10.4 Pendulum Motion

166

(5)

10.4.1 Simple Pendulum

166

(1)

10.4.2 Conical Pendulum

167

(1)

10.4.3 Physical Pendulum

168

(1)

Illustrative Example 10.3. Physical Pendulum and the Process of Walking

169

(1)

10.4.4 Torsional Pendulum

170

(1)

Supplementary Problems

171

(3)

Chapter 11 ELASTICITY

174

(12)

11.1 Definitions of Elasticity

174

(6)

Illustrative Example 11.1. Elastic Properties of Blood Vessels

179

(1)

Illustrative Example 11.2. Stresses of the Leg during Movement

179

(1)

Illustrative Example 11.3. Bone Fracture from a Fall

180

(1)

11.2 Elastic Limit

180

(1)

11.3 Laplace's Law

181

(2)

Illustrative Example 11.4. Application of Laplace's Law for an Elastic Cylinder: Forces Acting within a Blood Vessel

181

(1)

Illustrative Example 11.5. Application of Laplace's Law for an Elastic Sphere: Forces Acting within a Brain Aneurysm

182

(1)

Supplementary Problems

183

(3)

CHAPTER 12 FLUID STATICS

186

(12)

12.1 Definitions of Fluid Statics

186

(5)

Illustrative Example 12.1. Physical Properties of Human Blood

189

(1)

Illustrative Example 12.2. Pressure in the Eye and Glaucoma

189

(1)

Illustrative Example 12.3. Pressure and Infection

189

(1)

Illustrative Example 12.4. Intravenous Delivery

189

(1)

Illustrative Example 12.5. Blood Pressure in Human Circulation

190

(1)

Illustrative Example 12.6. The Sphygmomanometer and Blood Pressure Measurement

191

(1)

12.2 Surface Tension

191

(1)

12.3 Capillary Action

191

(1)

Illustrative Example 12.7. Lung Surfactant and Respiratory Distress Syndrome

192

(1)

12.4 Pascal's Principle

192

(1)

12.5 Archimedes' Principle

193

(1)

Supplementary Problems

194

(4)

CHAPTER 13 FLUID DYNAMICS

198

(11)

13.1 Definitions of Fluid Dynamics

198

(3)

Illustrative Example 13.1. Water Transport in Plants

200

(1)

13.2 Equation of Continuity

201

(1)

Illustrative Example 13.2. Blood Flow in a Tapering Blood Vessel

202

(1)

Illustrative Example 13.3. Blood Flow in a Vessel Bifurcation

202

(1)

13.3 Bernoulli's Principle

202

(2)

Illustrative Example 13.4. Bernoulli's Principle and Vessel Disease

204

(1)

13.4 Torricelli's Theorem

204

(2)

Supplementary Problems

206

(3)

CHAPTER 14 THERMAL PHYSICS

209

(12)

14.1 Definitions of Thermal Physics

209

(4)

Illustrative Example 14.1. Hypothermia: Human Response to Cold Temperatures

213

(1)

14.2 Heat

213

(2)

14.3 Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

215

(1)

Illustrative Example 14.2. Heat Stroke

216

(1)

14.4 Thermodynamics

216

(1)

Supplementary Problems

217

(4)

CHAPTER 15 WAVES AND SOUND

221

(16)

15.1 Definitions of Waves and Sound

221

(5)

15.2 Standing Waves

226

(1)

15.3 Resonance

226

(2)

15.4 Principle of Superposition

228

(1)

15.5 Sound

229

(1)

15.6 Doppler Effect

230

(3)

Illustrative Example 15.1. Dolphins and Echolocation

232

(1)

Illustrative Example 15.2. Ultrasound and Assessment of Stroke Risk

232

(1)

Supplementary Problems

233

(4)

CHAPTER 16 ELECTRICITY

237

(13)

16.1 Definitions of Electricity

237

(10)

Illustrative Example 16.1. Electric Signal Transmission through Nerves

245

(2)

Illustrative Example 16.2. Electrical Origin of the Heartbeat

247

(1)

Illustrative Example 16.3. Electrical Potential of Cellular Membranes

247

(1)

Supplementary Problems

247

(3)

CHAPTER 17 DIRECT-CURRENT CIRCUITS

250

(17)

17.1 Definitions of DC Circuits

250

(10)

Illustrative Example 17.1. Electrical Analogs and Blood Flow

258

(1)

Illustrative Example 17.2. Electric Shock and the Human Body

259

(1)

17.2 Kirchhoff's Laws of Circuit Analysis

260

(3)

Illustrative Example 17.3. Arteriovenous Fistula: Short Circuit of the Human Circulation

262

(1)

Supplementary Problems

263

(4)

CHAPTER 18 MAGNETISM

267

(15)

18.1 Definitions of Magnetism

267

(5)

Illustrative Example 18.1. Mass Spectrometry and Quantitation of Ionic Mass

270

(1)

Illustrative Example 18.2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging

271

(1)

18.2 Magnetic Induction

272

(3)

18.3 Induced EMF

275

(1)

18.4 Lenz's Law

276

(1)

Illustrative Example 18.3. Electromagnetic Flowmeters and Blood Flow Measurements

276

(1)

18.5 Self-induced EMF

277

(1)

Supplementary Problems

278

(4)

CHAPTER 19 ALTERNATING-CURRENT CIRCUITS

282

(10)

19.1 Definitions of AC Circuits

282

(1)

19.2 Ohm's Law

283

(2)

19.3 Power Dissipated in an AC Circuit

285

(1)

19.4 Resonance in an AC Circuit

285

(3)

19.5 Transformer

288

(2)

Illustrative Example 19.1. Electrical Analogs and Blood Flow Revisited

289

(1)

Supplementary Problems

290

(2)

CHAPTER 20 LIGHT

292

(9)

20.1 Definitions of Light

292

(1)

Illustrative Example 20.1. Marine Organisms and Bioluminescence

293

(1)

20.2 Reflection and Refraction of Light

293

(3)

20.3 Total Internal Reflection

296

(2)

Illustrative Example 20.2. Endoscopy: Imaging inside the Body

297

(1)

Supplementary Problems

298

(3)

CHAPTER 21 GEOMETRIC OPTICS

301

(15)

21.1 Definitions of Geometric Optics

301

(1)

21.2 Mirrors

302

(4)

21.3 Thin Lenses

306

(8)

Illustrative Example 21.1. The Physics of Vision and Common Visual Defects: Myopia and Hyperopia

310

(1)

Illustrative Example 21.2. Radial Keratotomy

311

(1)

Illustrative Example 21.3. Compound Microscope

312

(2)

Supplementary Problems

314

(2)

CHAPTER 22 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIOACTIVITY

316

(9)

22.1 Definitions of Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity

316

(1)

22.2 Isotopes

317

(1)

22.3 Quantum Theory of Radiation

318

(1)

22.4 Radioactivity

318

(3)

22.5 Types of Radioactive Decay

321

(1)

Illustrative Example 22.1. Nuclear Medicine and Radioactive Tracers

321

(1)

Illustrative Example 22.2. Radiotherapy of Tumors

322

(1)

Supplementary Problems

322

(3)

INDEX

325

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Schaum's Outline of Physics for Pre-Med, Biology, and Allied Health Students

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials