Practical Mathematics for Precision Farming

Dr. David E. Clay received a B.S degree from the University of Wisconsin (Madison), M.S. Degree from the University of Idaho, and Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota. Currently, he is Professor of Soil Science at South Dakota State University. He has served on the Editorial Board for the Agronomy Journal in a number of roles including Associate Editor, Technical Editor, and Editor (starting 2018). In addition, he is an Editor or author for 13 books and has published over 250 papers. Dr. Clay's research goal is to develop and test sustainable precision agricultural management systems that enhance environmental quality, maintain rural economies, and improve energy and economic self-suffi ciency. He has received a number of awards including two papers that awarded paper of the year, being twice selected for the ASA precision Systems Impact award, being selected twice for the SDSU College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences Outstanding Researcher, editor on three books that were awarded excellence in extension materials greater than 15 papers, selected as a Fellow of the American Society of Agronomy in 2007, being awarded the 2009 PrecisionAG Award of Excellence in Education and research, and being awarded the SDSU F.O. Butler Award for Excellence in Research.

Dr. Sharon A. Clay is a distinguished professor of weed science at South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD. She received a BS in horticulture from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, an MS in plant science from the University of Idaho, Moscow, and a PhD in agronomy from the University of Minnesota, St. Paul. She has conducted weed management studies in cropping systems including soybean, corn, wheat, barley, fl ax, sunfl ower and safflower and rangeland. Studies have included weed physiology, the infl uence of weeds on crop growth and genomic responses, and site-specific weed management strategies. Dr. Clay has published over 150 scientifi c articles and has served as editor on several books and on the editorial boards for Agronomy Journal and Weed Science. In addition, she has been co-author of three Weed Science Best Papers of the year. She has also served on numerous national committees and review panels, and has served as president of, the South Dakota Chapters of the honorary societies Sigma Xi and Gamma Sigma Delta. She was elected as ASA fellow in 2009 and served as president of the American Society of Agronomy in 2013. In 2017, she was awarded the Gamma Sigma Delta International Distinguished Achievement in Agriculture award.

Dr. Stephanie A. Bruggeman is an Assistant Professor of Crop Production at South Dakota State University (October 2017) and has teaching and research responsibilities. She received her B.S. in Microbiology, M.S. in Biology in the 1990’s, and completed her PhD in Plant Science (2016) at SDSU in Brookings, SD. She has served as a reviewer for the Agronomy Journal, co-authored a Weed Science Paper of the Year, has published several papers and book chapters, and functioned as grant coordinator for several multi-state and local grants, in addition to managing laboratories for multiple PI’s. She is coordinator for the annual Soy100 informative outreach meeting for soybean producers at SDSU. Dr. Bruggeman comes from a farm background, experience in molecular lab, fi eld work, and equipment repair and maintenance, with recent studies in landscape and stress effects in gene expression in crops and protocol development. Her research focuses on alternative/pulse crops and markets, and utilizing precision agriculture to determine sustainable, feasible methods of maintaining and improving the land and producers' way of life.

Chapter 1. A Guide to Making Mathematics Practical 7
Jo Clay

Chapter 2. Simple Programming for Automating Precision Farming Calculations 39
Aaron J. Franzen, C. Gregg Carlson, Cheryl L. Reese, and David E. Clay

Chapter 3. An Introduction to Experimental Design and Models 53
David E. Clay, Gary Hatfield, and Sharon A. Clay

Chapter 4. Mathematics of Longitude and Latitude 65
David E. Clay, Terry A. Brase, and Graig Reicks

Chapter 5. Spatial Statistics 75
Gary Hatfield

Chapter 6. Soil Sampling and Understanding Soil Testing Results for Precision Farming 105
David E. Clay, Clay Robinson, and Thomas M. DeSutter

Chapter 7. Calculations Supporting Management Zones 123
David E. Clay, Newell R. Kitchen, Emmanuel Byamukama, and Stephanie A. Bruggeman

Chapter 8. Understanding Soil Water and Yield Variability in Precision Farming 137
David E. Clay and T.P. Trooien

Chapter 9. Developing Prescriptive Soil Nutrient Maps 149
Richard B. Ferguson, Joe D. Luck, and Rachel Stevens

Chapter 10. Essential Plant Nutrients, Fertilizer Sources, and Application Rates Calculations 167
Jiyul Chang, David E. Clay, Brian Arnall, and Graig Reicks

Chapter 11. Deriving and Using an Equation to Calculate Economic Optimum Fertilizer and Seeding Rates 181
Scott Fausti, Bruce J. Erickson, David E. Clay, and C. Gregg Carlson

Chapter 12. Cost of Crop Production 191
Scott Fausti and Tong Wang

Chapter 13. Mathematics Associated with Seed Emergence, Plant Population, Stand Uniformity, and Harvest Losses 201
Stephanie A. Bruggeman, Sharon A. Clay, Cheryl L. Reese, and C. Gregg Carlson

Chapter 14. Estimating Weed and Insect Development, In-Season Yield Losses, and Economic Thresholds 209
Sharon A. Clay and Adam Varenhorst

Chapter 15. Determining the Economic Optimum Rate for Second Polynomial Plateau Models 225
Christopher J. Graham, David E. Clay, and Stephanie A. Bruggeman

Chapter 16. A Site-Specific Fertilizer Program Assessment Using Soil and Nutrient Removal Benchmarks 231
David E. Clay

Chapter 17. Understanding Grain Moisture Percentage and Nutrient Contents for Precision Grain Moisture 241
Cheryl L. Reese and C. Gregg Carlson

Chapter 18. Calculating the Impacts of Agriculture on the Environment and How Precision Farming Can Reduce These Consequences 247
Clay Robinson

Index 263

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